(完整)新目标英语八年级下-现在完成时的教案及练习

1、第1页共8页现在完成时态 -练习资料我们先来 翻译 几个 句子：1 你已经问过这个问题两 遍了，别再烦我了。2 我能借你的字典用一下吗？对不起，已经借给 tom 了。3 你以前见过她吗？不，从来没有过。4 你曾经去过北京吗？是的我去过那儿三次。5 你已经看完那本小说了吗？是的，我已经把它还给图书馆了。基本定义：现在完成时有两种用法1. 过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果或到现在为止已经发生或完成的动作。2. 表示过去发生的、持续到现在的动作或状态 。句型转换1. I have been to Macau before.（改为否定句 ）I been to Macau before2. Li

2、 Ming has already finished his homework.（改为一般疑问句 并做肯定和否定回答 ） Li Ming finished his homework yet?3. They have been here since 2000. 对 （ 划线部分提问 ）have they been here?句型构成：基本结构：主语 +have/has+ 动词的过去分词（ p.p） 肯定句：主语 +have/has+ 动词的过去分词 （p.p） （ V-ed） +宾语（或者其他） . 否定句：主语 +have not/has not+ 动词的过去分词（ p.p ）（ V-ed）+

3、宾语 . 一般疑问句： Have/Has+ 主语+动词的过去分词（ p.p） （V-ed）+宾语（或者其他） ? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句 （ have/has+主语+过去分词 +其他第2页共8页将一般过去时的句子改写为现在完成时的句子。1. My father bought many books for me yesterday .Now , I have a lot to read because 2. I saw this film last week.Now, I know this film because I.3. I did my homework yesterday

4、.Now, I can give it to the teacher because I用法一一 表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,（ 强调结果现在还存在 ）例如I have just cleaned my clothes.我 刚洗过衣服。 （“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是 “衣服干净了 ”）I have just had my breakfast. （对现在的影响：不饿 ）Has he had his breakfast?Yes, he has.体会时间状语： I have never heard of that before. Have you ever rid

5、den a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet?Yes, I have done that already. I ve just finished my homework. He has not come yet.二.通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just （谓语动词之前 ） （刚刚），already （已经 （肯定句） ）, before（之前） , yet（一般疑问 （句末） ,已经；否 定句：还） never （从不） , ever （疑问句 ） twice （两次） ,recent

6、ly（ 近来）等 状语连用，可以和瞬间动词和持续性动词连用 ,请先圈出时间状语 ，再用词的适当形式填空1. I （have） lunch already.2. the train （arrive） yet?3. Tom never （be ） to China.4. The twin just （see） my father.5. The twins （see） my father just now.6. you ever （ride） a horse? Never.7. you （clean） the room?Yes, we（do） that already.When you （do） i

7、t?We （do） it an hour ago.8. he （see） this film yet? No.When he （see） it?第3页共8页 He it tomorrow.9. How many times you (come) here?Once.用法二：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示一直持续到现在并可能还将持续 下去。A 动词使用延续性动词。B 和表时间段的时间状语连用。常与 for 或 since引导的时间连用， so far, up to/till now 到目前为止 , in the last/past+一段时间， all one s某 lif人

8、e 的一生中 , by now, these days目前， for two years、 since 1984、 since he came hereI haven t seen her these days.She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago.They have lived here since 1990.What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?一、注 意：(1) since一段时间 agofor 时间段 ;since two weeks ago=for tw

9、o weeks;I have kept the library book for a week.=I have kept the library book since a week ago.(2) since + 时间点 for时间段since 2000=for 13 years(3) since+从句 (常用一般过去时 )The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris(4) It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句. 自从某事发生已有一段时间了 . It is /has b

10、een two years since my brother joined the army.二、用 for 或 since填空。1. Jill has been in IrelandMonday.2. Jill has been in Irelandthree days.3. My aunt has lived in Australia15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country1974.6. The bus is late.

11、Weve been waiting20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.8. Mike has been illa long time. He has been in hospital October9. It s ten years we met each other last time.10. He has taught English 25 years.11. The Greens have lived on the farm 1990.12. They have been

12、practicing the guitar two hours.13. How long have you been a reporter? 8 years ago.14. I haven t gone for a walk in the park a long time.15. He s been collecting stamps he was in primary school.第4页共8页16. Peter has been to summer camp 3 times.根据上面的学习，我们可以总结下动词的过去 分词的变化规律一、规则变化在动词后加 ed，规则变化有以下四种： 原形 +

13、ed 如： worked, passed 词 尾 是 e 时 ， 直 接 加 d 如 ： liked lived 若词尾为 “辅音字母加 y”，则改 y 为 i 加 ed。词尾 为“元音字母 +y ”时，直接加 d； 如 : played stayed studied cried 末 尾 只 有 一 个 辅 音 字 母 的 重 读 闭 音 节 是 ， 双 写 最 后 一 个 辅 音 字 母 加 ed. 如： stopped dropped二、不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词 巧记规律AAA: put put put let let letABA: become became becomeABB:

14、 stand stood stoodABC: eat ate eaten用法三：（难点）非延续性动词 与现在完成时短暂性动词在 肯定句、疑问句 中不能与时间段连用。为了表述意思，我们常用相应的延续性动 词来代替非延续性动词。他入党五年了。He joined the Party five years ago .He has been in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five years. It is five years since he joined the Party电影开始五分钟了。 The film b

15、egan five minutes ago. The film has been on for five minutes. It is five minutes since the film began第一类：动词 be + adj. : Die，finish ，open/close， fall ill/asleep ， marry sb/get married to 第二类：动词 be + 介词.: start/begin， leave， Join，第三类：动词 另一个动词 : Buy ，Borrow ，get/begin to延续性 v，.Become， put on、巧记瞬间性动词的转换

16、第5页共8页开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家，穿衣入睡要感冒，开开关关变结束1 beginbe on6 returnbe back2 leavebe away from7 joinbe in3 gobe off8 diebe dead4 borrowkeep9 buyhave5 comebe here10 arrivebe here10 reachbe here11put onwearFall asleepBe asleep13catch a coldhave a cold14openbe open15closebe closed三/短暂性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语 a

17、rrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there1) I moved to the USA in 2008. Ithe USA since .2) They came here last week. They here since . come to / go back to / return to be back to go out be outHe came out two years

18、ago.He for .2) We returned to Beijing yesterday.We _ to Beijing since . become b eI became a teacher in 2000. I a teacher for.2) The river became dirty last year. The river _ dirty for . close be closedopen be openThe shop closed two hours ago. The shop f or .2) The door opened at six in the morning

19、. The door for six hours. get up be up; die be d ead; leave sp. be awa y from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleep be asleep ; finish / end be ov er ;marry b e married;1) I got up two hours ago.I since .2) He left Shanghai just now.He Shanghai for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa for .4)

20、 The meeting finished at six.The meeting for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I _ since .6) They married in 1990. They since .第6页共8页 start / begin to do sth. do sth. ; begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I at this school since .2) The film began two minutes ago. The film

21、 for . borrow ke ep; lose no t have ;buy ha ve ;put on wearcatch / get a cold have a cold; get to know know1) They borrowed it last week. They it since .2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I a pen for .3) I got to know him last year. I him since .4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I my glasses for

22、 . have / has gone to have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He Beijing for two days. join the league / the Party / the army be a league member /a Party member / a soldier be a member of the league / the Party be in the league / the Party / the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He a for two years.He a

23、 the for two years.He the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother a for .常考考点have been in, have been to与 have gone to的 用法1、have (has) been in表 示“在某地(多长时间) ”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连 用。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days布. 朗来上海已经有三天了。They have been in Canad

24、a for five years他. 们到加拿大有五年了。2、have( has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与 just, ever, never等连 用，例如：I have just been to the post office.我 刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall玛. 丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou before?你 以前曾经去过杭州吗？Have (has) been to后 面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：They have been to that

25、 village several times他. 们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have (has) gone to意 为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该 人不在现场，例如：Where is Tom? He has gone to the bookshop他. 到书店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London杰. 克.约翰逊到伦敦去了用 have /has been to和 have / has gone to填空 Hi，Lucy，you everBeijing？第7页共8页 No， I. What about your siste，r L

26、ily ？ Oh， sheChengd，ushe will come back next week. Ok， thanks. You re welcome.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时强调 现在的情况 ，而一般过去时只单纯表示 过去的动作或状态 ，可以和表示过去的 时间状语连用。和现在不发生关系。试比较：The plane has arrived .飞 机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago飞. 机是一刻中以前来的。 （强调动作发生的时间在过去）I have taught here for fifteen years.

27、我 在这儿已经教了十五年。 （表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）I taught here for a year.我 过去在这儿教过一年。 （表示 “我“现在已经不在这儿任教了） 用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子。1. Mary (lose) her pen. you (see) it here and there?2. you (find) your watch yet?3. -Are you thirsty? -NO, I just (have) some orange.4. We already (return) the book.5. they (build)

28、a new school in the village?6. -Has Tom taught you English?-Yes, he (teach) us English for two years.7. I (not finish) my homework yet. Can you help me?8. What they (do) with the newspaper? They have read them.9. - The door is open. Who (open) it? Do you know?- Sorry, I don t know.10. My father (rea

29、d) the novel twice.11. Wu Dong (be) a soldier for one year.12. The students (study) in the middle school since last month.13. How long you (know) him?14. Mike (make) quite a few friends since he came to China.15. I (give) my friend a nice book recently.16. Li Ping and Wu Dong (see) the old man three times.17. she ever (teach) you English?18. These children (stay) in the park for two hours.综合练习（家庭作业）第8页共8页一、完成句子1.A ：你收集贝壳有多长时间了