Unit 9 Attitude is everything

1、Project 4Warm-up 1Reading 2Language in Use3Culture Tips 5Homework 6Listen to a story about an American athlete and then answer the following questions. Take notes while you are listening.1. Who is Al Oerter? Al Oerter is an American discus-thrower, the only athlete in history to win the same trackan

2、d-field event in four successive Olympiads.2. What happened to him a week before the Olympic Games? Oerter got seriously hurt.3. What did the team doctor order Oerter to do? The team doctor ordered Oerter to rest, which meant he had to quit the competition.4. Did Oerter follow the doctors order? Wha

3、t did he do then? No, Oerter arrived at the finals with tape and ice bags determined to compete.5. What is the result of the competition? Oerter set a new Olympic record.Listen to the recording again and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.six throwsthe furtherest of whichfour rounds， f

4、ifth throwdoubled overdistancenone of his competitorsEach finals competitor is allowed， wins. After，Oerter was in so much pain he decided his would be his last. As he turned and let the discus fly, he in great pain. When the was announced, Oerter learned that he had set a new Olympic recordone thatc

5、ould beat.Pre-reading TasksReading ComprehensionAfter-reading Tasks some people are “ complainers”. Why do you think these people are always complaining?If yes, what does he or she often complain about?Is there a complainer around you?1. There are two types of people in the world. Although they have

6、 equal degrees of health and wealth and the other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes miserable. This arises from their different ways in which they consider things, persons and events, and the resulting effects upon their minds.2. In whatever situation men can be placed, they may

7、find conveniences and inconveniences. In whatever company, they may find persons and conversations more or less pleasing. At whatever table they may find meat and drinks of better and worse taste, dishes better or worse prepared. In whateverclimate, they may find good and bad weather. Under whatever

8、 government, they may find good and bad laws, and good and badadministration of these laws. In every poem or work of genius, they may see beauties and faults. In almost every face and every person, they may discover fine features and defects, good and bad qualities.3. Under these circumstances, the

9、people who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things, the pleasant parts of conversation, the well-prepared dishes, the goodness of the wines, the fine weather. They enjoy all with cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contraries. Hence they

10、 are continually discontented. By their remarks, they sour the pleasures of society, offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind was founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The disposition to criticize and be disgusted is perh

11、aps taken up originally by imitation. It grows into a habit. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects on their happiness. Although in fact it is chiefly an act of imagination, it has serious consequences in life, as it brings on real grief

12、and misfortunes.These people offend many others. Nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common civility and respect, and scarcely that. This frequently puts them out ofhumor and draws them into disputes. If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wi

13、shes them success. Nor will anyone stir a step, or speak a word to favor their ambitions. The people should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid an acquaintance with them. Otherwise, it can be disagreeable, and sometimes very

14、 inconvenient, particularly when one becomes entangled in their quarrels.4. An old philosophical friend of mine grew very cautious from experience, and carefully avoided any contact with such people. He had a thermometer to show him the temperature, and a barometer to show when the weather was likel

15、y to prove good or bad. Since there is no instrument to discover at first sight this unpleasing disposition in a person, he made use of his legs. One of his legs was remarkably handsome, the other, by some accident crooked and deformed. If a stranger looked at his ugly leg more than his handsome one

16、, he doubted him. If he spoke of it, and took no notice of the handsome leg, my friend had sufficient reason not to bother with him any longer.5. Not everyone has this two-legged instrument, but everyone, with a little attention, may observe signs of that kind of fault-finding disposition and make t

17、he same resolution to avoid those infected with it. I therefore advise these critical, argumentative, discontented, unhappy people, that if they wish to be loved and respected by others, and be happy in themselves, they should stop looking at the ugly leg.1. 这世上有两种人，同样健康，同样富有，同样拥有其他的生活享受，但是一种人快乐，而另一

18、种人则被痛苦所扰。究其原因，是由于他们接人待物的观点不同，观点的分歧导致了生活态度的不同。2. 无论我们处于什么境地，总会有“方便”与“不便”；不管和谁相处，和谁交流，总会有让人愉快的和让人不快的；无论在哪里吃饭，吃到的肉和喝到的酒，总会有可口顺心的和难以下咽的；无论在何种气候条件下，都会遇到好天气和坏天气；无论哪个政府当权，人总会发现好的法律条例和不好的法律条例，总会有好的法律执行者和不好的法律执行者；在天才的诗句或著作里，也能同时发现瑕疵与优美；几乎每一张脸，每一个人也都是优点和缺点共存的。3. 在这种情况下，快乐的人，总是看到事物的长处：交谈中令人愉快的部分，美味可口的食物，琼浆玉液般的

19、美酒，晴朗的天气等等，并且无比开心地享受这一切。但是不快乐的人却恰恰相反。因此他们永远都不满意。他们在社交场合说的话很让人扫兴，既得罪了别人，也让自己变得让人讨厌。如果这种性格是与生俱来的，那么真值得同情。但这种吹毛求疵、惹人生厌的性情也许最开始是由模仿而来，不知不觉就成了习惯。这习惯也许很顽固，但只要他们明白这种恶习对于自己的幸福会产生怎样不良的影响，也还是能改的。尽管这习惯主要是体现在想象上面，但却会在生活中造成严重的后果，带来一些实实在在的悲哀与不幸。因为他们总是得罪人，大家都不喜欢他们。跟他们相处时，顶多表示一下最基本的礼节，有时甚至连这都做不到。这让他们脾气暴躁，经常为此和别人起冲突

20、。当他们想提升地位、增加财富的时候，没有人愿意送上祝福，也不会有人为他们出谋划策，帮助他们。因此，这些人必须改掉这个坏习惯，学会欣赏事物的长处。否则，大家还是少和他们接触为妙。因为这种人很难相处，一旦你卷入他们的争吵中时，会非常麻烦。4. 我有一个豁达的老朋友，经历过很多人情世故，他就总是尽量避免和这种人打交道。测量气温，他有气温计；预报天气，他有气压计。但世上还没有人发明可以发现人的坏习惯的仪器。所以他就利用自己的两条腿：一条长得很好看，另外一条腿由于意外事故成了畸形。陌生人和他初次见面时，如果关注他的那条丑腿多过于关注他的好腿，他就会对此人心存顾虑。如果那人谈论起那条丑腿，而不注意那条好腿

21、，我的朋友就有足够的理由决定不再和他交往。5. 不是每个人都有这样的两条腿来作为测量仪器，但只要稍加留意，就能看出这种挑三拣四的人的一些迹象，从而避免与这些人交往。因此，我奉劝那些苛刻挑剔、满腹牢骚、事事不满、郁郁寡欢的人，如果想被人喜爱，受人尊敬并且生活快乐，就不要总是盯着别人的丑腿。1. n. (a relationship with) someone you know, but who is not a close friend 认识，相识认识，相识 e.g. 1. You cant judge her on such short acquaintance. 2. She was a c

22、asual acquaintance of my family in Vienna.2. administration n. the act of administering something, especially a law, test, or medicine 管理，执行管理，执行 e.g. 1.Were looking for someone with experience in administration. 2.The health service spends too much on administration.3. arise v. if something arises

23、from or out of a situation, event, etc., it is caused or started by that situation, etc. 发生，出现发生，出现 e.g. 1. Several important legal questions arose in the contract negotiations. 2. Can you begin by discussing matters arising from the last meeting?4. civility n. polite behavior which most people cons

24、ider normal 礼貌举止礼貌举止 e.g. 1. Please have the civility to knock before you enter next time. 2. Friendship cannot live with ceremony, nor without civility. 5. consequence n. something that happens as a result of a particular action or set of conditions 后果后果e.g. 1. He broke the law, and now he must fac

25、e the consequences of his actions. 2. She was over the age limit and, in consequence, her application was rejected.6. convenience n. what is easiest and best for a particular person 方便方便 e.g. 1. These meals can be prepared in advance, and served at your convenience. 2. Services should be run to suit

26、 the convenience of the customers, not the staff.7. crooked adj. bent, twisted, or not in a straight line 弯曲的弯曲的 e.g. 1. Your tie is crooked. 2.His lips curled into a crooked smile.8. defect n. a fault or a lack of something that means that something or someone is not perfect 缺陷缺陷e.g. 1. a genetic d

27、efect 2. All the cars are tested for defects before they leave the factory.9. deformed adj. something that is deformed has the wrong shape, especially because it has grown or developed wrongly 变形的变形的 e.g. the deformed toe on his right foot.10. disagreeable adj. unpleasant, causing discomfort 不合意的，令人

28、不快的不合意的，令人不快的 e.g. 1. Sweeping chimneys is a disagreeable job. 2. The conversation was disagreeable to him.11. discontented adj. unhappy or not satisfied with the situation you are in 不满意的不满意的 e.g. 1. She became increasingly discontented with her work. 2. Eva was ambitious and was discontented with

29、her job at the post office.12. disgust v. to make someone feel very annoyed or upset about something that is not acceptable 令人厌恶令人厌恶e.g. 1. Many parents claimed to be disgusted by the amount of violence in the film. 2. Most locals are disgusted by the anti-foreigner violence.13. disposition n. a par

30、ticular type of character which makes someone likely to behave or react in a certain way 性情性情e.g. 1. The film is not suitable for people of a nervous disposition. 2. He has a cheerful/sunny disposition.14. entangle v. to make something become twisted and caught in a rope, net, etc; to involve someon

31、e in an argument, a relationship, or a situation that is difficult to escape from 缠绕；使处于缠绕；使处于 困难境地困难境地e.g. 1. My fishing line got entangled in some weeds. 2. He didnt want to become entangled with his best friends wife.15. found v. to start, to establish 建立建立e.g. 1. The British parliamentary system

32、 is founded on debate and opposition. 2. The castle is founded on solid rock.16. inconvenience n. problems caused by something which annoys or affects you 不便，困难不便，困难e.g. 1. We apologise for the delay and any inconvenience caused. 2. His early arrival was clearly an inconvenience to his host.17. infe

33、ct v. to give someone a disease; if a feeling or interest that you have infects other people, it makes them begin to feel the same way or have the same interest 传染；感染传染；感染e.g. 1. People with the virus may feel perfectly well, but they can still infect others. 2. Lucys enthusiasm soon infected the re

34、st of the class.18. offend v. to make someone angry or upset by doing or saying something that they think is rude, unkind, etc.冒犯冒犯e.g. 1. A solution must be found that doesnt offend too many people. 2. Some of these new buildings really offend the eye (= look very ugly).19. philosophical adj. calml

35、y accepting a difficult or unpleasant situation 豁达的豁达的e.g.1. Some old people are philosophical about death. 2. He was by nature a philosophical person.20. remark n. something that you say when you express an opinion 意见；主张意见；主张e.g. 1. The Senator denied making the remark. 2. He was fired for making r

36、acist remarks during an interview.21. resolution n. strong belief and determination 决心决心e.g. 1. Carol made a resolution to work harder at school. 2. He made a resolution to read something profitable for one hour every day.22. sour v. if a relationship or someones attitude sours, or if something sour

37、s it, it becomes unfriendly or unfavorable; if milk sours, or if something sours it, it begins to have an unpleasant sharp taste 变坏；变酸变坏；变酸e.g. 1. An unhappy childhood has soured her view of life. 2. The milk has soured overnight.23. stir v. to set moving 移动移动e.g. 1. The wind stirred the fallen leav

38、es. 2. A gentle breeze stirred the curtains.In the end of the text, the writer says, “. but everyone, with a little attention, may observe signs of that kind of fault-finding disposition and make the same resolution to avoid those infected with it”. What do you think the signs of fault-finding dispo

39、sition could be?2. Do you have some unhappy people around you? How do you usually react towards them?3. How do you understand the title The Handsome and Deformed Leg? What does the writer want to tell us?Inversion after negative adverbials 倒装句之部分倒装倒装句之部分倒装 1.部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。 如果句中的谓语没有助动词

40、或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或 did，并将其置于主语之前。1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。e.g. Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合

41、句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意:如否定词不在句首不倒装。e.g. I have never seen such a performance. The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.2) 2) 以以Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than 等结构开头作部分倒装等结构开头作部分倒装 e.g. Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly h

42、ad she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 注意：只有当Not only but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。 e.g. Not only you but also I am fond of music. 3) so, neither, nor 作部分倒装 表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒装。e.g. Tom

43、can speak French. So can Jack.If you wont go, neither will I.4) only在句首要倒装的情况 e.g. Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.1)Why cant I smoke here?At no

44、 time_ in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permittedB.smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permittedD.does smoking permit 2） Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is.A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know3) No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game

45、began B.has the game begunC. did the game begin D.had the game begun 1. A 2. D 3. D -Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? -I dont know, _.A. nor dont I care B. nor do I careC. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also BAdverbs with two formsSome adverbs have two formsone ends in ly and the othe

46、r doesnt. Sometimes the two meanings are related, and sometimes the two meanings have no relation.1. The coach watched the swimmers_ (close/closely).2. Mark is good at swimming and he always plays_ . (fair/fairly)3. In my opinion the decision to choose him was (just/justly)_ made.4. I _(hard/hardly)

47、 think well have a chance against the other team.5. We have been practicing very_ (hard/hardly) for Sports Day.closelyfairjustlyhardlyhardStep 1Work in groups. Brainstorm some questions that can test whether people have an optimistic or pessimistic personality. Think of factors that can reflect peop

48、les attitude towards life. You may have questions like:1. Are you generally ?a. happy b. unhappy2. Do you think the future will be ?a. good b. bad3. When you see a glass of water, filled to the halfway point, you say it isa. half empty b. half fullList at least fifteen questions.Step 2When you have finished designing your questions, join an