3年高考2年模拟2021版新教材高考英语Unit1CulturalHeritageSectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句讲义新人教版必修第二册VIP

1、section discovering useful structures(限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句)用适当的关系词填空1.(教材p4)there comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.2.(教材p4)water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy c

2、ultural relics that were an important part of egypts cultural heritage. 3.(教材p4) after listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the united nations for help in 1959.4.(教材p4)temples and other cultural sites were taken down p

3、iece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.5.(教材p8)they are recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from the mogao caves, which were a key stop along the silk road throughout chinas ancient history.概述:根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程

4、度,我们把定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1.限制性定语从句(1)定义:限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清。主句和从句关系十分密切,它们之间不用逗号隔开。(2)引导词:引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有that,who,whom,which,whose,as;关系副词有when,where,why。i know the person whose house was destroyed in the flood. 我认识那个人,他的房子在洪水中被毁掉了。the little problems t

5、hat/which we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就会激励我们做出大发明。she didnt explain the reason why she refused me.她没有解释拒绝我的原因。2.非限制性定语从句(1)定义:非限制性定语从句用来补充说明先行词,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚;从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。(2)引导词:引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外,其他都可以。

6、he is an english,which i know from his accent.他是英国人,那是我通过他的口音知道的。holly,who is from australia, has a good command of chinese. 霍莉,来自澳大利亚,精通汉语。until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children,which is quite unexpected.到目前为止,我们已为贫困孩子筹集到了五万英镑,这很出人意料。professor wang,whose daughter is working i

7、n canada, has worked over 30 years.女儿在加拿大工作的王教授,已经工作了30多年了。二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的用法比较1.作用不同限制性定语从句用于修饰先行词,具有限制作用,使先行词的含义更具体、更明确,因此不可缺少,如果缺少,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义;非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不是十分密切,只是对先行词作附加或补充性的说明,即使去掉,主句的意思仍然完整、清楚。his elder brother who works in beijing will come to see him tomorrow. (限制性定语从句)他的那个在北京工作的哥哥明

8、天要来看他。(说明他不止这一个哥哥)his elder brother, who works in beijing, will come to see him tomorrow. (非限制性定语从句)他的哥哥在北京工作,明天要来看他。(说明他只有一个哥哥)2.形式不同限制性定语从句与主句之间不用逗号隔开;非限制性定语从句在书写时必须用逗号和主句隔开。the book which/that you borrowed last week is really boring.上周你借的那本书真无聊。 my eldest son, whose work takes him all over the wo

9、rld, is in new york at the moment.我的大儿子现在在纽约, 他的工作带他去世界各地。3.先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词既可为单个的名词或代词,也可为逗号前的整个句子或其中的一部分。this is the fact that/which i have collected till now. 这就是我迄今为止收集到的事实。(限制性定语从句,先行词是the fact)the novel,which i read last night, is very interesting.我昨晚读的那本小说非常有趣。(非限制性定语

10、从句,先行词是novel)the novel is very interesting,which makes me very glad. 这本小说很有意思,这使我很高兴。(非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整句话)4.关系词的使用情况不同(1)that, why不能引导非限制性定语从句,而要用which代替that, for which代替why。he didnt pass the exam, which disappointed his teacher.他没有通过考试,这使他的老师感到失望。(2)关系代词替代情况不同关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who/that代替whom,但在

11、非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who/that代替。a young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress. (非限制性定语从句)一个年轻人新交了一个女朋友,他想给她留下深刻的印象。在限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时,关系代词可用who, that或whom; 但在非限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时,关系代词只能用who或whom。she has a younger brother, that is a doctor.(误)she has a younger brother, who is a doctor.(正)(3)关系代词省略

12、情况不同:关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略;而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。名师指津巧学定语从句:定从分类有奥妙,限与非限看逗号;非限不能用that,去掉主句仍完整;做题一看先行词,到底指人还是物?二析从句主和宾,缺少就用关系代(词);三选恰当关系副(词),四思情况是否 (特)殊。.用适当的关系词填空1.a study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than those who are not.2.we have entered into an age wh

13、en dreams have the best chance of coming true.3.(2019课标全国)first, i wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so cool.4.she and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit.5.opposite is st. pauls church,where you can hear some lovely music.6.these articles are the very ones that should b

14、e read.7.his parents wouldnt marry her to anyone whose family was poor.8.by boat is the only way to get there, which is how we arrived.9.in 1963 the un set up the world food programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.10.this is the best movie that ive seen.语法与主题写作1.写作要点根据本单元

15、语法知识与主题知识补全句子。关于如何保护中国传统文化,我们举办了一次热烈的讨论。we held a heated discussion which/that was about protecting traditional chinese culture.谈到这个话题,学生持有不同的观点。when it came to the topic, the students held different points.一些人建议抵制西方的节日,而另一些人觉得在庆祝传统节日的同时,我们应多进行一些有创造性的活动。some suggested resisting western festivals, wh

16、ile others argued that we were supposed to hold some creative activities during celebrating traditional chinese festivals.还有一些人觉得应该时不时地举行各种竞赛,这能给市民提供更多背中国诗词和练书法的机会。others considered all kinds of competitions should be held from time to time, which can provide more chances for the citizens to recite

17、chinese poems and practice calligraphy.就我个人而言,到了我们不遗余力保护中国传统文化的时候了。personally, its high time that we spared no effort to protect traditional chinese culture.2.串句成文将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。we held a heated discussion which was about protecting traditional chinese culture. when it came to the topic,

18、 the students held different points. some suggested resisting western festivals, while others argued that we were supposed to hold some creative activities during celebrating traditional chinese festivals. others considered all kinds of competitions should be held from time to time, which can provid

19、e more chances for the citizens to recite chinese poems and practice calligraphy. personally, its high time that we spared no effort to protect traditional chinese culture.课时达标训练.用适当的关系词填空(必要时可加介词)1.tai dong, where i was born and grew up, is a small city in southeastern taiwan.2.he loved his parents

20、 deeply, both of whom were very kind to him.3.the report that/which mr. turner handed in was about the motor race.4.the soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay.5.mr. green said that suzhou was the first city that he visited in china.6.i am looking forward to the day when

21、my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.7.lucy didnt tell him the reason why/for which she left her hometown for new york.8.i dont know the person to whom you turned for help just now.9.our father, a good doctor, saved a dying patient today, which made us proud.10.her illness has

22、 developed to the point when nobody can cure her.完成句子1.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。(whose;fall)i once lived in the house whose roof had fallen.2.老师告诉我约翰是一个我可以信赖的人。(that/who/whom;depend on)the teacher told me that john was the person that/who/whom i could depend on.3.这是我的眼镜,没有它我看不清楚。(which;without)this is my

23、pair of glasses, without which i cannot see clearly.4.我写此信的目的是向您解释一下我上次缺席您的课的原因。(why;be absent from)im writing to explain to you the reason why i was absent from your lecture last time.5.莫言写了很多著名的深受青年读者喜欢的小说。(that/which;be popular with)mo yan has written many famous novels that/which are popular wit

24、h young readers.阅读理解one year ago i received a full scholarship(奖学金)to the university of san francisco. all of my hard work had paid off. my high school cost a lot of money, so i tried my best to push myself. i was so happy and hopeful about starting a new life that i was completely packed two weeks

25、before it was time to leave.soon enough, the big day came, but it wasnt like what i had thought. the first two weeks were the most difficult days of my entire life. every night i would cry myself to sleep. i was so homesick(想家的) and i didnt know how to deal with my broken heart. to take my attention

26、 away from it, i threw myself into my studies and did many jobs. in my free time, i started forcing myself to the gym. i wanted to keep myself busy so i wouldnt think about how lonely i felt.i soon began to eat less and less. finally, i went to see a doctor. when the doctor weighed me, i was shocked

27、 by the number of my weight. he suggested that i should curb that number.i knew i was getting worse, but i still wasnt thinking clearly. when i visited the doctor again, he told me i had no choice but to take time away from school temporarily(暂时地). i started to fear. how could i get away from school

28、! i then decided to break away from my homesickness and took exercise actively. my first year of college had passed by and i could see the sunshine again.i am learning to love myself and accept my body. this is not easy! but i am learning.1.how did the author feel before leaving for college?a.nervou

29、s.b.excited.c.sad to leave home.d.upset about her new life.2.what was the authors first problem to be dealt with?a.her sleeplessness.b.her homesickness.c.her worsening studies.d.her light weight.3.what does the underlined word “curb” in paragraph 3 mean?a.control. b.watch. c.record.d.ignore.4.what d

30、id the doctor advise the author to do?a.to take some medicine.b.to take exercise actively.c.to eat more healthy food.d.to leave college for a while.答案语篇解读作者进入大学后非常想家,后来又患上厌食症,消瘦得厉害。当医生告诉她不得不休学时,她才自我反省,克服了想家的问题,并积极地锻炼身体,最终一切开始好转。1.b细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句i was so happy and hopeful about starting a new life

31、that i was completely packed two weeks before it was time to leave.可知,作者很开心,对新生活充满希望,所以在出发前两周就已经将自己的行李打包好了。由此可知,作者在上大学前很兴奋。2.b细节理解题。根据第二段及第三段的内容可知,作者是因为想家才得了厌食症的,所以首先要解决的问题是“想家”。3.a词义猜测题。根据该词前后的内容可知,医生建议作者至少要维持这个体重,不能再瘦下去。因此,最接近该意思的词应该是 “control”。4.d细节理解题。根据第四段中的he told me i had no choice but to tak

32、e time away from school temporarily可知,医生劝作者离开学校一段时间。.七选五(2019云南丽江高一上学期期末)culture means any human behavior that is learned in human society. all of the meaningful parts of a culture are passed on to different generations through tradition or social learning. 1culture exists in agricultural as well as

33、 industrialized societies.culture is necessary for the survival and existence of human beings as human beings. practically everything humans know, think, value, feel and do is learned through taking part in a social cultural system. 2 here is one of the cases of children growing up apart from human

34、society. in the province of midnapore in india, the director of a childrens home was told by local villagers that there were “ghosts” in the forest. upon looking into the case, the director found that two children, one about eight years old and the other about six years old, appeared to have been li

35、ving with a pack of wolves in the forest.3 in his diary, the director describes his first view of kamala (as the older child was named) and amala ( the name given to the younger child):kamala was a terrible-looking being, the head, a big ball of something covering the shoulders.4 their eyes were bri

36、ght and sharp, unlike human eyes. they were very fond of raw meat and raw milk. gradually, as they got stronger, they began going on all fours, and afterwards began to run on all fours, just like squirrels(松鼠).children learn human languages in the same way they learn other kinds of human behaviorby

37、taking part in a cultural community. 5a.from this viewpoint, all human groups have a culture.b.close at its heels there came another terrible creature exactly like the first, but smaller in size.c.human beings can only develop human abilities by the local people.d.this statement is well supported by

38、 some well-written cases.e.these children were the ghosts described by the local people.f.culture refers only to the high art and classical music of a particular society.g.they learn a certain human language as well as certain kinds of human behavior through their membership in a certain cultural co

39、mmunity.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.答案语篇解读本文讲述的是人类文化传承方面的具体内容。1.a根据上一句“all of the meaningful parts of a culture are passed on to different generations through tradition or social learning.”可知,文化的所有部分都会传给下一代,意味着所有的人类群体都有自己的文化,故选a。2.d根据下一句 “here is one of the cases of children growing up apart from human society.”可

40、知,有很多的例子来证明这一点,下面列举了其中之一,故选d。3.e根据“upon looking into the case, the director found that two children, one about eight years old and the other about six years old, appeared to have been living with a pack of wolves in the forest.”可知,有两个孩子和狼群生活在一起,这些孩子就是当地人描述的鬼魂,故选e。4.b根据上一句“kamala was a terrible-looki

41、ng being, the head, a big ball of something covering the shoulders.”可知这里是对这两个狼孩的外貌的描述,故选b。5.g根据上句“children learn human languages in the same way they learn other kinds of human behaviorby taking part in a cultural community.”可知,不同的环境对他们有不同的影响,他们的身上既有人的行为也有狼的特点,故选g。.完形填空(2019山东烟台高一上学期期末)my niece (侄女)

42、 kate is 9. being fat and not doing well at school, she is often made fun of at home, and 1 she has developed some distrust of adults, who in turn dont have high 2 for her.yesterday kate and i went to an art exhibition. the paintings from kids with disabilities were being 3. kate has 4 eyes of the b

43、est paintings of the show. she helped 5 the chairs and table, something that 6 happens at home as shes usually glued to her ipad.then we went to a bookshop, where i bought a book written by a mom 7 her journey with her autistic (孤独症的) son. i was surprised that she was also interested in it and asked

44、 me to tell stories about this friend in the book who 8 with small things in life. she kept on making 9 for more about this boy. she was never so 10 a single topic. in the past she usually told many things 11 a clear focus. im touched the life of an unknown stranger has found its way into this littl

45、e girls 12.im thankful for the power of the book, for the beauty that my niece13 to me. i hope i can keep seeing clearly the 14 things in her and that i can 15 her how truly wonderful she has always been. 1.a.anyhowb.thereforec.whend.however2.a.hopesb.positionsc.gradesd.limits3.a.soldb.collectedc.di

46、splayedd.protected4.a.sharpb.bigc.beautifuld.careful5.a.designb.cleanc.registerd.arrange6.a.alwaysb.evenc.seldomd.again7.a.makingb.payingc.visitingd.describing8.a.strugglesb.helpsc.communicatesd.jumps9.a.decisionsb.requestsc.noisesd.changes10.a.conscious ofb.loaded with c.proud ofd.absorbed in11.a.w

47、ithb.withoutc.ford.among12.a.dreamb.viewc.heartd.imagination13.a.predictedb.exploredc.presentedd.sent14.a.smallb.wonderfulc.difficultd.funny15.a.warnb.promisec.questiond.remind答案语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要记叙了我和我的侄女看一次展览会的经历以及作者对侄女行为的一些感想。1.b考查副词。因此她对大人不信任。anyhow不管怎样;when当时候;however虽然,尽管;therefore因此。故选b。2.a考查名

48、词。反过来大人也并没有对她寄予厚望。hope 希望;position位置;grade分数;limit限制。have high hopes for sb. 对某人抱有很高期望,故选a。3.c考查动词。句意:残疾孩子画的画正在被展出。sell卖;collect收集;display展览;protect保护。故选c。4.a考查形容词。凯特有一双敏锐的眼睛,能发现展览中最好的画。sharp敏锐的;big大的;beautiful美丽的;careful细心的。故选a。5.d考查动词。她帮忙安排桌子和椅子。design设计;clean清扫;register登记;arrange安排。故选d。6.c考查副词。句意

49、:这种事情几乎在家里很少发生,因为她在家里总是目不转睛地看着她的ipad。always总是;even甚至;seldom几乎不;again再。故选c。7.d考查动词。句意:然后我们去了书店,在那里我买了一本书,是由一位母亲写的,描述她与患孤独症的儿子的旅程。make制作;pay付款;visit参观;describe描述。故选d。8.a考查动词。她要求我告诉她书中的这位朋友在生活中的琐事中挣扎的故事。struggle挣扎;help帮助;communicate交流;jump跳跃。故选a。9.b考查名词。她还请求我多讲讲那个书中的男孩。decision决定;request请求;noise噪音;chan

50、ge变化。make requests for 提出的要求,符合句意,故选b。10.d考查形容词短语。她从来没有对一个话题如此专注。 conscious of意识到;loaded with 装满;proud of自豪。absorbed in专注于,符合句意,故选d。11.b考查介词。句意:在过去她通常毫无中心地讲述很多事情。with和;for为了;among在当中。without没有,符合句意,故选b。12.c考查名词。句意:我受到了触动,一位不知名的陌生人的生活已经走进了这个女孩的心里。dream梦想;view观点;heart内心;imagination想象。故选c。13.c考查动词。句意:我感谢这本书的力量,感谢我的侄女给我展现的美。predict预测;explore探索;present展示;send派遣。故选c。14.b考查形容词。我希望我能清楚地看到她身上的美好的东西而且我都能够提醒她她一向是多么美好。small小的;wonderful美好的;difficult困难的;funny有趣的。故选b。15.d考查动词。warn警告;promise许诺;question提问。remind提醒,符合句意,故选d。.语法填空(2019山东济南高一上学期期末)in much of asi