07被动语态精讲-2020年高考英语语法突破真题精讲+课件

1、被动语态第12页共12页Look at the following pictures and please tell me what happened to the man.An unlucky manThe man is punched.The man was kicked.The man is scratched.The man is bitten.1 .被动语态是高考英语学习的重要语法项目之一，它的结构和用法比较复杂，也很容易出现很多的陷阱题，是高中阶段英语学习的一个重点。2 .被动语态在高考中经常和时态一起考察，一般出现 1-2题，分值1-2分。除了直 接在语法填空、短文改错中考到，写

2、作中也会用到，另外，在阅读理解中正确理解 被动语态的含义也非常重要。3 .在英语中，被动语态使用得比汉语要普遍，因此被动语态在英语中极为重要。许多课本 及考试乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到被动语态。一.冷菽击演动i音.现自行flr的被前一在完窗晤春梗动1=的导被动语态 高一上留下一 痢不代形式的被-k】g形母7校动语汇/动语舌的他比洞语:引概法被动语卷啊用泮*精阱精练动词语态的概述动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者或发出者He wrote a novel.（主语he是动作wrote的执行者）被动语态表示主语是动作的承文名A novel was written by h

3、im.（主语A novel是动作的承爻者）【即学即练】找到下列句子的主语，并判断是动作的执行者还是承受者。1. Someone met him at the station this morning.主语： ,是（动作的执行者还是承受者）.2. He was met at the station this morning.主语： ,是（动作的执行者还是承受者）.被动语态的构成（肯定句、否定句、疑问句）,般现在时的被动语态I wash clothes.观察变化后的两个句子，总结被动语态的动词形式:被动语态（be done）被动语态be字变过去分词跟后面看图组句子：参考下页图片,般过去时的被动语态

4、The bridge was built last year.The road was repaired last year.The thieves were caught by police.一般过去时的被动语态 wa八were + done看图组句子：肯定句、否定句、疑问句,般将来时的被动语态1 will plant more and more trees.Mure utid more trees nil! be p加iiteiL1 will protect the rivers.RRers will be protected.I Mill build more svhiwK More s

5、chools will be built,I . 一般将来时的被动语态：will/shall be + done ; be going to be done四.现在进行时的被动语态What s my grandpa doing?Mj Rriindpii k wuieiiii the fluwers*bv doneThe (lowers are being watered by my grandpa*The clavichord is being repaired by him.I am being criticized by the teacher.现在迸行时的被动语态(uni$ re bei

6、ng + done5 .其他时态的被动语态现在进疔时的被动语态am is ;ire beih + (lone 过去进行时的被动语态 vas verc heing + done |现在完成时的被动语态have hs betn + doneI have defined the bedroomtrhe bedroom hm been cleaned by me.The photos have been taken by me.6 .小结【各种时态的被动语态结构】一般现在时amisarc +donc一般过去时waswerc + dnnc一般将来时will be + done现在进行时a向inare b

7、eing + done*过去进行时wtiswcrc being + done现在完成时lKHehj5 been + done过去完成时had been + done含有情态动词canmayjnust he + done *being不能省略【即学即练】1. Paper money(use)for over a thousand years.2. The fire (get)to the fifth floor. All the people ( save).3. Till now, three films (show)in that small village this month.4. Wo

8、uld you please keep silent? The weather report (broadcast)(正在播放) and I want to listen.5. My sister is working in the power factory that(build) for just one year.6. The problemi(discuss)tomorrow.7. He said that work(finish).8. The baby should be (take) good care of by the baby-sitter.9. NO SMOKING sh

9、ould(see) in the stores even in many parts of the city.10. Many interesting experiences(carry)out these days.知识点三特殊形式的被动语态1 .含有情态动词的被动含有情态动词的被动语态tnnymust be十donePassing planes can be heard night and day. The kev must be found bv me.2 .含有双宾语的被动She me a book.I w ns yi en 刃 bnoli bv henA book v us ttix

10、cn to me by her.He sent me an invitation.I was sent an invitation by him.【即学即练】My mom has bought me an iPhone.I.An iPhone3.表里不一的代表“一感” “二听” “三让” “五看”主动to字要离去，被动to字要回府。feel hear/listen to make/let/have see/look/watch/notice/observeThe boss made them work day and night.They were made to work day and n

11、ightI saw him stval the cabbage.He w】i seen to sUal the cabbage.【即学即练】标出下列句子的成分，并将句子改为被动语态1. We can write letters in English.2. Parents should allow teenagers to choose their own clothes.3. You must clean your bedroom every day.4. I heard him sing a song.丽炽点四主动表被动 系动词：描述主语特征，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物This

12、 kind of pen writes very smoothly.This kind nf shirt sells very well.Moon cakes taste delicious.looksoundwrite sell注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影 响。试比较：The door won t lock.指门本身有毛病）The door won t be locke指不会有人来锁门，指 门没有锁”是人的原因） 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out,

13、come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义。例：How do the newspapers come out?这些报纸是如何出来的呢？ be +under/ in等介词+名词表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。(名词前一般不用冠词)例：The city is under attack (= is being attacked) at the moment.【即学即练】1. English is widely used. Many business letters around the world(write)in

14、it.2. They(ask)to help to the farmers with the harvest last autumn.3. Mary some songs in her room last night.A. was heard to singB. is heard to singC. was heard singingD. is heard singing4. Great changes(take) place in my hometown and a lot of factories (set) up.5. Come and sit down by the fire. You

15、r hand(feel)cold.6. The article( read) well.7. The problem is under (discuss)at the meeting非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。1 . need, want, require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当 于动词不定式的被动形式。My hair nevds cutting.Mv hair needs to be culThe car needs repairing.Fhe clothes need washing. The c

16、lothes need to be washed.The car needs to be repaired.2 . worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例：The picture-book is well worth reading. (= The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)3 .动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例：I have a lot of things to do this

17、 afternoon.（to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。）例：I ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?（此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。）4 .形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有 nice, easy, fit,hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant,interesting 等。例：This prob

18、lem is difficult to work out .（可看作 to work out 省略了 for me）.5 .在too- - to 结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例：This book is too expensive （for me） to buy.6 .在there be 句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例：There is no time to lose （to be lost）.（用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose； 用 to be lost, 谁 lo

19、st time 不明确。）【即学即练】1. I have much work.我有许多要做的事情。2. Tom is looking for a room to . Tom 在找一间住的房间。3. The question is difficult .这个问题很难回答。4. He said that his teeth required（ repair）.n当堂总结j定义被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者时一般现在时am/is/are + done一般过去时was/were +done一般将来时will be + done现在进行时am/is/are +being done结构过去进行时was/were + being done现在完成时have/has been + done过去完成时had + been done主动 形式 表不 被