高考英语句子成分分析课件

1、成分及句型一、句子 成分（一）什么是？ 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有主语，谓语，表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语。句子成分句子成分意义意义充当词类充当词类例句例句主语主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么表示句子说的是什么人或什么事事名，代，数，不定名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或式，动名词，短语或句子句子we study in huangqiao middle school.谓语谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样么样动词或动词词组动词或动词词组she is dancing under the tree.宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象表示动作行为的对象同主语同主语

2、both of us like english.表语表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语同主语her father is a chemist.his words sound reasonable.定语定语用来修饰名词或代词用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子副，介词短语或句子we have eight lessons every day.状语状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等因，目的，方式，结果

3、等副词，介词短语或句副词，介词短语或句子子he works very hard.they held a party in hollywood.宾语宾语补足语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词形容词，名词，介词短语等短语等she always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！主语句子的主体表示句子说的是什么人或什么事，全句述说的对象。常置于句首。 i like football. the boy needs a pen. w

4、e often speak english in class the rich should help the poor. when we are going to have an english test has not been decided. it is necessary to master a foreign language.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样.主要由动词担任the train leaves at 6 oclock.i want a ticket.he practices running every morning.he has caught a bad cold

5、.宾语宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。 he won the game.tom lost his life in the big fire.he can spell the word.my brother hasnt done his homework.people all over the world speak english.you must pay good attention to your pronunciation. 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前 he wrote me a let

6、ter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语he wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任.my name is maryhe is a studentthree times seven is twenty onethe weather has turned coldthe meeting is of great importance.除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词1)表感官的动词: f

7、eel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等2) 表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任the black bike is mineguilin is a beautiful citychina is a developing country; america is a developed country.his rapid progress in english made us s

8、urprisedhe is reading an article about how to learn english状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整句修饰动词，通常位于动词后he works hard修饰形容词或副词时，位于被修饰的词之前；i am very sorry表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首when i grow up , i am going to be a teacher一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前we often help him宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样

9、或干什么i consider the book too expensive.they painted their boat white.we found everything in the lab in good order 英语句型英语句型 简单句 并列句 复合句简单句主系表结构主语+系动词+表语.主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。you are students.we are in the classroom.we are good friends系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound

10、;2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;3.表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;trees are greenour english teacher is thirty years oldthe potatoes went bad in the fieldsher job is to look after the children in the nursery主谓结构主语+不及物的动词you will graduate next yearthe car accident

11、happened yesterday主谓宾结构主语+及物动词+宾语i like my job very much.he grew some vegetablesi have a dream i like basketball主谓双宾主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语he gave his sister the pianohe gave the piano to his sister常跟双宾语的动词常跟双宾语的动词bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask, buy主谓宾宾补主语+及物动词+宾

12、语+宾补we saw them dancingyou kept me waiting for a yearlast week i went to the supermarket.last week i went to the supermarket. 状状 主主 谓谓 状状the play was very interesting.the play was very interesting. 主主 系状表系状表i cant hear a word.i cant hear a word. 主谓主谓 宾宾they were talking loudly.they were talking loud

13、ly. 主主 谓谓 状状并列句简单句+并列连词+简单句相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系you help him and he helps you1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。e.g. the teachers name is smith, and the students name is john.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。e.g. hurry up, or youll miss the train.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror,

14、otherwise等。e.g. hurry up, or youll miss the train.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, yet, while等。e.g. he was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.he asked his father why he couldnt hatch chickens while hens could.although the matter sounds strange, ye

15、t it is really true.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for等。e.g. august is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day i work from dawn until dark.he shook his head, for he thought differently unlike watching tv, reading is a highly unlike watching tv, reading is a highly active process_ it requires attenti

16、on as active process_ it requires attention as well as money and imagination.well as money and imagination. until b. but c. unless d. foruntil b. but c. unless d. for she is american, _ she knows little about american history.a. so b. yet c. and d. therefore 复合句主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句含有一个或一个以上从句，含有两个或两个以

17、上主谓结构the foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the great wall.he was fond of drawing when he was yet a child练习练习:简单句、并列句和复合句简单句、并列句和复合句判断下列句子是简单句判断下列句子是简单句,并列句还是复合句并列句还是复合句：1. we often study chinese history on friday 1. we often study chinese history on friday afternoon.afternoon.2. the boy who offered me his seat is called tom.2. the boy who offered me his seat is called tom.3. there is a chair in this room, isn3. there is a chair in t