2020年高三英语语法讲解及练习题：名词性从句

1、重难点分析名词性从句是历年高考的重点和难点，也是热点。名词性从句相当于名词，可作主句的主 语、宾语、表语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语 从句（见下表）。主语从句作主语，用 that, whether, if, what(二the thing that)等连接词引导。宾语从句作宾语，用 that (可省略),whether (or not) , if, what(二the thing which) 等连接词引导。表语从句用 that (般不省略),whether, what(=the thing which)等连接词引导。同位语从句用 that (常用在 n

2、ews, thought, idea, plan, suggest!on, fact 等词后)， whether等连接词引导。一、主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主语谓语动词之前或由形式主语応代替, 而本身放在句子末尾n如：Who will go is not important.谁将去不是重要的。1. it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而 it引导的强调句则是对句子每一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。 被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。如：It is a pity

3、 that you didn't go to see the film.（主语从句）你没去看电影真是遗憾。It is in the morning that the murder took place.（强调句）谋杀案发生的时间是在早晨。2. 用it作形式主语的结构句型例句1It is+名词+主语从句It is a fact that事实是/ It is an honor that非常木幸/ Itis comm on kno wledge that是常识2It is+形容词+主语从 句It is natural that很自然/ It is strange that 奇怪的是（此句型后

4、面常接虚拟语气should+动词原形）3lt+不及物动词+主语从句It seems that彳以乎/ It happened that碰巧/ It appears that似乎4It is/has been+过去分词+主语从句It is reported that据扌艮道/ It has been proved that据证 头/ It is said that据说/ It is believed that据认为/般 人都认为2.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况说明例句1if引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首Whether he will come or not in unknown.（正）If

5、he will come or not is unknown.（误）2It is said/reported结构中的主语从句不可提刖It is said that Jiang will visit our school next week（正）Jiang will visit our school next week is said（i吴）3It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提刖It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.（正）That he failed in the examination occurred

6、to him（误）4It doesn't matter how/whether-纟吉构中的主语从句不可提前It does n't matter whethe r he is wrong or not.（正）Whether he is wrong or not doesn't matter.（误）5含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前Isn't likely that it will rain in the evening?(正)Is that it will rain in the evening likely?(误)二. 宾语从句宾语从句是在复合句中

7、作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。说明例句1作动词的宾语由that引导的宾语从句（that通常可以省略）1 heard (that) he joined the army.我听说他参军To由what,whether/if,when.where等引导的宾语 从句She did not know what had happened.她不知 道发生了什么。动词+间接宾语+宾语从句She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她告诉我她将接受我的邀请。2作介词的宾语Our success depe nds on /up

8、on how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于 我们互相合作得有多好。3作形容词的宾语1 am afraid (that) 1 have made a mistake.恐怕我 犯了个错。4It可以作为形式宾语We heard it that she would get married next month.我们听说她下个月打算结婚。否定前移（若主句谓语动词为think,5consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含 有否定意义，一般要把否定词

9、转移到主句 谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式）。1 don't think this dress fits you well.我认为这件 衣服不适合你穿。注意:th at引导的从句常跟在某些形容词后作宾语，如:anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, gald, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, satisfied, content等。也可将此类词后的从句看作是原因状语从句。三、表语从

10、句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+连系动 词+表语从句"。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等引导表语从句的引 导词that 般不省略。另外，常用的含有表语从句的结构还有“The reason is that“It is because*-", "That's why 等。如:The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 他上学迟到的原因是他错过了早班车C四. 同位语从句同位语从句是在复合句中作

11、名词的同位语的名词性从句。说明例句1对于名词进一步解释同位语的功能The king's decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people 国王做岀释 放那个罪犯的决定让所有人都很吃惊。（一般由that引 说明名词的具体内容The order that all the soldiers should stay still导）is given by the general.所有的士兵都应该保 持不动，这个命令是将军下的。2同位语从句在句子中的位置有时可以不紧跟在它所 说明的名词后面，被别 的词隔开He

12、 got the news from Mary that the sportsmeeting was put off.他从玛丽那里得到消息运动会被推迟了。五. whether, if引导名词性从句的区别说明例句1句首引导主语从句只能用whetherWhether we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.我们明天是否去野营取决于天气。2if不能引导表语从句What the doctor really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soo

13、n.陕牛真正怀疑的 是我的母亲是否会很快从重病中恢复。3if不能引导介词后的宾语从 句Everything depends on whether we can make a plan that they will agree to.切取决于我们能否做出一个他们会 同意的计划。4宾语从句是否定句只能用if1 asked Peter if he had nt decided what he would say at the meeting.我问皮特他是不是还没决定会议上他讲的 内容。5discuss后的宾语从句只能用whether 引导We discussed whether the medici

14、ne will cause side effects.我们讨论了这个药是否会引起副作用。注意:doubt作喺疑懈，后接宾语从句时，如主句是肯定的，宾语从句用whether或if引导，如主句是否定，宾语从句只能用that引导。如：I doubt whether/if he is fit for the job.我怀疑他是否胜任这份工作。I don't doubt that he can do it very well.他能把它做好，我不怀疑。考点练透一、单句填空用适当的连词填空，补全下列句子。1丨 can't decide dictionary I would buy2. Tha

15、t's he refused my invitation.3 I am very interested in he has improved his pronunciation in such a shorttime.4 we need is more time.5. The fact she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.6. and they will meet has not been decided yet.7. Please tell me you are waiting for.8. Is

16、that you are looking for?9. Would you please tell me the nearest post office is?10. I don't know he will agree to the plan or not.11. is done cann't be undone.12. Take care you don't make mistakes in the coming exam.13 To his surprise, the umbrella was not he had put.14. we can't get

17、 seems better than we have15. he is willing to come is not important.16. they are most interested in is they can produce more and bettercars.17. It does n't matter I rest or not.18. I have will be yours sooner or later.19. I think it is you are eating too much20. Can you make sure Alice has put

18、the gold necklace?21. Do you remember he came?Yes, I do. He came by train.22. Mother asked me was wrong with me23 they have won the game made us excited24. he says in his report is a very interest!ng question.25. That is he failed to arrive on time二、语篇填空根据短文意思用适当的词填空。I don't know you have notice

19、d2 some students don't want to walk toschool. It can be seen every day 3 their parents drive them to school. But nowadays, it should be brought to our notice4 the air is seriously polluted 5 can we doabout it? Here I have a suggest!on 6 we should ride on our bike to school! 7 we can do it will n

20、ot only have significant benefits for our health, 8 also help improve our environment. 9 we will have a better environment depends on 10 we can do for ourselves and for nature三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Keeping complaining can be a hurt in interpersonal relationships. So, 1 (improve)relati

21、onship with others, you need to be aware of several sensible ways to complain. To begin with, you need to be specific Don't say, “Boy, did you act like 2 fool at the party?" Instead, say. "You embarrassed me by getting drunk and telling 3 (offend) jokes to my parents Secondly, stick to

22、 the present. Don* mention old oftences 4 are from last month or last year. 5 doing this, you take away attention from the problem at hand. Moreover, _6 you complai n, never add in suits. If you start calling the other person n ames, that only _7 (create) anger and hurt any ch a nee of getti ng the

23、person to r eally liste n to 8 A last point to remember is to complain privately. Never criticize the other person in front of friends, parents, childrenf or anyone else for that matter. Criticizing in front of a third party has the same effect as in suits This shames the pers on 9 (criticize) and m

24、akes 10 very likely that the person will want to attack you orally rather than listen to you.助读词汇sensible 30 明智的spec帀c adj.具体的offence n.冒犯insult n.侮辱pnvately adv.私下地shame vt使丢脸orally adv. 口头上interpersonal relationship 人际关系参考答案考点练透一、单句填空1. which 2. why 3. how 4. What 5. that 6. When; where 7. whom(m) 8. what 9. where 10. whether 11. What 12. that 13. where 14. What; what 15. Whether