高二选修7_Unit_1_Living_wel-vocabulary词汇讲解(1)

1、Unit 1 Living wellWords and expressions 1. disability. n disable. v disabled. adj disability既有可数又有不可数既有可数又有不可数. 表示表示“残疾残疾”用作用作可数可数，表示，表示“无能，劳动能力丧失无能，劳动能力丧失”用用作作不可数不可数；disable表示表示“使残疾，使使残疾，使能力能力丧失丧失”; disabled表示表示“残疾的，伤残的残疾的，伤残的”，常用于常用于the disabled 表表“残疾人残疾人” He was _ in the war and his _ prevented h

2、im from holding any job. An accident _ him from playing football.disableddisabilitydisabled2.ambition. n 抱负抱负,志向志向 full of ambition 野心勃勃野心勃勃, 充满志气充满志气 have the ambition of doing sth. 有有做做的雄心壮志的雄心壮志 翻译翻译: 他是一个胸怀大志的人他是一个胸怀大志的人. He is a man full of ambition. ambitious adj. 有雄心的有雄心的,有志气的有志气的 be ambitiou

3、s of / for sth. 渴望得到某物渴望得到某物; be ambitious to do 有志气做成某事有志气做成某事翻译翻译: 每个人都渴望和平每个人都渴望和平. Everyone peace. 5.beneficialbeneficial adj 有益的有益的;受益的受益的benefit n. 利益利益, 好处好处 vt. 有益于有益于, 有助于有助于 vi. 受益受益 常见用法常见用法be beneficial to 对对有益有益be of benefit to 对对有益有益A benefit B 有益于有益于.B benefits from/by A 受益于受益于for the

4、 benefit of 为了为了 的利益的利益阳光对植物有益阳光对植物有益.Sunshine _plants.Sunshine _ _ _ plants.Sunshine _ plants.Plants _ _sunshine.is of benefit tobenefitsbenefit fromis beneficial to他们要他离开公司他们要他离开公司换句话说他被解雇了。换句话说他被解雇了。 They asked him to leave the company in other words, he was fired. 拓展：写出下列拓展：写出下列word 短语的中文意思。短语的中

5、文意思。 (1) in a / one word (3) beyond words / description (4)keep/ break ones word (5) eat ones word (6) get in a word 总而言之总而言之 无法用言语表达无法用言语表达遵守遵守/ 违背诺言违背诺言收回前言；认错道歉收回前言；认错道歉插话；插嘴插话；插嘴3. in other words (L1)/ that is (to say) 换句话说，也就是说换句话说，也就是说Word came that有消息说 v have a word with sb. 和某人谈话vhave words

6、with sb. 同某人争吵 运用：翻译下列句子。运用：翻译下列句子。(1) 他感觉不舒服，换句话说，他病了。他感觉不舒服，换句话说，他病了。 He does not feel good, , he is ill. (2) 总之总之, 我认为他是个傻瓜我认为他是个傻瓜. _, I think hes a fool. In a wordin other wordsin other words=that is （to say）换句话说）换句话说 4.clumsy (1)笨拙的笨拙的,不灵巧的不灵巧的You, clumsy guy！Youve knocked over my coffee！ 瞧你这笨

7、蛋！你碰翻了我的咖啡！瞧你这笨蛋！你碰翻了我的咖啡！ (2)不不机灵机灵的的,不圆滑的不圆滑的 She is a clumsy girl. 她不是一个机灵的女孩她不是一个机灵的女孩. (3) be clumsy with sth / at doing sth 在在方面不灵巧方面不灵巧He _ chopsticks.He _ chopsticks.他使用筷子很笨拙他使用筷子很笨拙is clumsy withis clumsy at using 6.adapt (1)(使使)适应适应, (使使)适合适合/ adjust/ accustomThe children found it hard to

8、adapt (themself) to their new school. 孩子们发现很难适应新学校孩子们发现很难适应新学校(的生活的生活).She adapted herself quickly to her new job.她很快适应了她的新工作她很快适应了她的新工作.adapt (himself) toare well adapted toadapt (oneself) to适应适应be well adapted to非常适应非常适应adapt sth. to sth. 使使适应适应 He is quick to_ new circumstances quickly.他很快适应新的环境他

9、很快适应新的环境. These flowers _ the conditions of rooms.这些花非常适应室内的环境这些花非常适应室内的环境.翻译翻译:他去到北京后发现自己很快就适应了那儿的新他去到北京后发现自己很快就适应了那儿的新环境环境.这些植物特别适应寒冷的天气这些植物特别适应寒冷的天气.(the cold weather)He found that he adapted to the new conditions soon after he arrived in beijing.These plants are well adapted to the cold weather.

10、(2)改造改造,修改修改,改编改编 adapt sth from 根据根据改编改编/ /改写改写 adapt sth for 把把改编成改编成The materials can be adapted for use with older children. 这些布料可以修改一下用在大一点的孩子这些布料可以修改一下用在大一点的孩子身上身上. 翻译翻译: 要把这故事改编成电影很难要把这故事改编成电影很难.Its hard to adapt the story for the film.* adopt 采用，采纳采用，采纳 ； 收养收养 adopt a suggestion an adopted s

11、on（养子）（养子）7. cut outcut off 切断、隔绝切断、隔绝cut down 砍倒、削减、减少砍倒、削减、减少cut in 插嘴插嘴1.They cut out a piece of muscle from his leg.2.The doctor told him to cut out smoking.3. He cut out the pictures from the newspaper.剪下剪下Think and compare!切下、切下、停止、停止、8.breath n. / breathe v.out of breath / breathless上气不接下气，气喘

12、吁吁上气不接下气，气喘吁吁She was out of breath after the 3000-metre race. 跑完跑完3000米后她已上气不接下气。米后她已上气不接下气。相关短语：相关短语：hold ones breath屏住呼吸；屏住呼吸； have/take a deep breath /take a deep breath 深呼吸深呼吸 out of reach out of sight out of work out of order out of control out of danger 够不着够不着失业失业看不见看不见出故障出故障控制不住控制不住摆脱危险摆脱危险拓展

13、二：拓展二： out of +名词结构短语名词结构短语注：注：absence of mind心不在焉心不在焉absence without leave 擅离职守擅离职守absent adj. 不在的不在的, 缺席的，常与缺席的，常与from连用。连用。 如如:He is a student who is regularly absent from school.他是一位经常缺课的学生。他是一位经常缺课的学生。9.absence n. C&U 缺席，不在某处；缺乏；缺席，不在某处；缺乏；不存在不存在It happened in my absence. 这事发生在我不在的时候。这事发生在我

14、不在的时候。Absence of rain caused the plants to die. 缺乏雨水使这些植物干死了。缺乏雨水使这些植物干死了。 presence n.出席出席;到场到场present adj.出席的出席的;在场的在场的;现在的现在的完成句子完成句子:Mr. Green will teach your English _ (在我离开期间在我离开期间).1) Why were you _(旷课旷课) yesterday?during my absenceabsent from schoolabsent adj.缺席的缺席的;不在的不在的 vt.使缺席使缺席;使离开使离开be

15、absent from 缺席缺席;不在不在生气生气angry10. annoy(v)惹恼惹恼,使使感到生气感到生气annoyed生气的生气的(修饰修饰人人)(adj)annoying另人生气的另人生气的(修饰修饰物物)(adj)I was at the news.annoyedannoying常见用法常见用法annoy sb with sth / by doing sth. 因因使某人生气使某人生气make sb. annoyed 使某人生气使某人生气be annoyed at / about/ by sth. 生某事的气生某事的气be annoyed with sb. for/at /at

16、sth.对对(某人某人)为为(某事某事)而生气而生气be annoyed that- clause 生生的气的气这些苍蝇正使我感到烦恼这些苍蝇正使我感到烦恼. These flies _ me. 夜间不要大声唱歌夜间不要大声唱歌,以免打扰邻居以免打扰邻居.Dont _ your neighbours _ singing loudly at night.因为玛丽忘了给她打电话因为玛丽忘了给她打电话,她就很生玛丽她就很生玛丽的气的气.She _ Mary _ forgetting to phone.are annoyingannoybywas annoyed withfor11. all in a

17、ll (L22)总而言之总而言之1. 他有他的缺点，但总而言之他是一个诚实的人他有他的缺点，但总而言之他是一个诚实的人. _2. 我病了我病了, 但还是完成了工作但还是完成了工作._ He has his faults, but all in all he is an honest man.in a word in generalall the timeall the sameall at once总而言之总而言之总的来说总的来说一直一直, 总是总是仍然仍然突然突然, 同时同时I was ill, but I finished the job all the same.当当 A as well

18、 as B的短语为主语时的短语为主语时,谓语动词与谓语动词与A保持保持一致一致.如如:His wife as well as his children was invited to the party.He as well as I wants to go boating. Air, as well as water, is needed to make plants grow. 空气和水都是植物生长所必需的。空气和水都是植物生长所必需的。 12.As well as going to as well 也也,还还,同样同样常放句末作状语常放句末作状语,前面不用逗号分开前面不用逗号分开; 有时也

19、放于有时也放于句首句首,后面常用逗号分开后面常用逗号分开. 如如: I can see how English is used in everyday life as well.As well, I can see how English is used in everyday life.13. make fun of =laugh at (P3L2)取笑；嘲笑；和取笑；嘲笑；和开玩笑开玩笑 取笑残疾人是不礼貌的。取笑残疾人是不礼貌的。 Its bad manners to make fun of the disabled. 拓展：完成下列空格。拓展：完成下列空格。 (1) fun 取乐；当笑

20、话取乐；当笑话 (2) fun (by) doing sth.以做某事作乐以做某事作乐 (3) fun it is to do sth.! 做某事多有趣啊！做某事多有趣啊！forhaveWhat14.resign. vt, vi. resign from 从从辞职辞职 resign as 辞去作为辞去作为的职务的职务eg: She resigned as secretary after three years.He resigned from a job.（常与（常与to连用）听从，顺从，甘心于连用）听从，顺从，甘心于短语短语: resign oneself to (doing )sth.使使

21、(自己自己)听听从从于于,使使顺从顺从于于翻译翻译: 他只好听天由命了他只好听天由命了.He resigned himself to his fate.15.assistance (n) (v) (n助手助手) . Our government often offers economic(经济上的经济上的) to poor families. Its very kind of her to me in doing my homework.assist v. assist sb. in doing sth. assist sb. with sth. assist sb. to do sth.as

22、sistassistantassistanceassist16.congratulate sb on sth/doing sth祝贺某人祝贺某人The teacher called to him to him winning the first prize.congratulateonCongratulations（常用复数形式）（常用复数形式） 表示表示“恭喜，祝贺；贺词恭喜，祝贺；贺词。”如如-Ive just passed my driving test! 我刚通过驾驶执照考试。我刚通过驾驶执照考试。 -Congratulations! 恭喜你！恭喜你！17.graduation (n)

23、 (v) 毕业毕业graduate. After , Paul found a job in a bank. . She was 23 when she from Sun Yat-sen University.graduationgraduated 18.access n. （接近或进入某地的）方法；通路（接近或进入某地的）方法；通路 （常与介词（常与介词to连用连用) “的通道的通道” “使用使用的机的机会会The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.到那所农舍去的唯一通路就是穿过这片田地。到那所农舍去的唯一通路就是穿过这片田地

24、。Students must have/get access to good resources.学生必须有机会使用好的资源。学生必须有机会使用好的资源。gain/get/have/obtain access to 得以接近；得以会见；得以进入；得以使用得以接近；得以会见；得以进入；得以使用give access to 接见；准许使用接见；准许使用be easy/hard of access 容易容易/难以接近难以接近accessible adj. 可接近的；可进入的；可使用的可接近的；可进入的；可使用的be accessible to 易接近；能进入；易受影响易接近；能进入；易受影响单项填空

25、单项填空The president is not easy of _ as he is engaged in state affairs all the time. A. access B. accessible C. accessed D. accessing【解析】选【解析】选A。考查固定搭配。句意为：因为总统整天忙。考查固定搭配。句意为：因为总统整天忙于国事，要见到他是不容易的。于国事，要见到他是不容易的。be easy of access容易接容易接近。故选近。故选A。Sophia was born deaf in 1798. At the very beginning, she wa

26、s always by her classmates because of her .Whats worse, there were no schools for the deaf at that time. However, Sophia didnt get (生气的). She made an effort to herself to her life. Her parents gave her a great deal of a . Under her parents e , Sophia gradually learned to be , in words, she didnt dep

27、end on others any more, especially her parents. made fun ofdisabilityannoyedadaptssistancencouragementindependentotherShe was only 20 when she g a deaf university. Her was to set up a college for the deaf, calling on people to care for the .At last, her dream came true, and her friends came to her e

28、stablishing a deaf school. raduated fromambitiondisabledcongratulateonat a timeat a time意思是意思是“依次，逐一，每次依次，逐一，每次”。短语辨析短语辨析 at one time 意思是意思是“从前从前”。 for a time 意思是意思是“短时间内，暂且短时间内，暂且”。at times 相当于相当于sometimes，所表示的，所表示的时间频率不够频繁，常译为时间频率不够频繁，常译为“有时有时”“偶尔偶尔”。 at all times与与all the time都可用来表示强调时都可用来表示强调时间的

29、经常性与持续性，意思是间的经常性与持续性，意思是“不停地，始终，不停地，始终，一直地一直地”此时两者通用。此时两者通用。 at all times还有还有“无论何时无论何时”之意。之意。 _I had it in mind to study law我曾经想学法律。我曾经想学法律。 You call borrow only two books _你一次只可以借两本书。你一次只可以借两本书。Lacking the information needed for their project, they were _truly at a loose end由于那项工程缺乏必要的资料，他们一时不知如由于那项工程缺乏必要的资料，他们一时不知如何是好。何是好。_，we watch TV有时我们看电视。有时我们看电视。At one timeat a timefor a timeAt times1. in other words _2. out of b