工程电磁场数值计算

1、 研究生课程论文（20152016学年第1学期）论文题目：工程电磁场课程报告姓名： 刘思 学号： 211508010020 年级： 2015级 专业：电气工程 学院： 电气学院 注意事项：1、 以上各项由研究生本人认真填写；2、 研究生课程论文应符合一般学术规范，具有一定学术价值，严禁抄袭或应付；凡学校检查或抽查不合格者，一律取消该门课程成绩和学分，并按有关规定追究相关人员责任；3、 论文得分由批阅人填写，并签字确认；批阅人应根据作业质量客观、公正的签写批阅意见（原则上不少于50字）；4、 原则上要求所有课程论文均须用A4纸打印，加装本封面，左侧装订；5、 课程论文由学生所在学院（系）统一保存

2、，以备查用。课程名称：工程电磁场数值分析 课程类型：专业必修课 授课教师： 王新掌 学 时： 36 学 分： 2.0 论文得分批阅人签字批阅意见：河南理工大学研究生学处制1 总结有限元法计算电磁场问题的步骤，并说明什么叫正问题和逆问题？（20分）答： 用 ANSYS 处理电磁场问题一般分为以下五个步骤 :(1)创建物理环境。设置G UT菜单过滤 ,定义分析标题 ,定义单元类型及其选项 ,定义单元坐标系及局部坐标系, 设置实常数和单位制 , 定义材料属性。(2)建立模型、对模型的不同区域赋予不同的特性、划分网格。(3)加边界条件和载荷(激励)。(4)求解。(5)后处理。可以对计算结果云图显示,

3、矢量图显示，对路径上的物理量曲线显示 电磁场的正问题：给定场的计算区域，各区域的材料的组成和特性，以及激励源的特性，求场域中场量随时间、空间分布的规律。即由源求场。电磁场的逆问题：给定电磁装置理想的性能指标和参数、场型分布等，通过对装置的优化设计来实现这一目标。实际上就是电磁装置的综合设计问题。即由场溯源。2 设计一个高压点火器，用分析其电场分布，说明影响点火器起火的主要参数，并说明怎样改变参数可以容易地点火？（20分）解：第一步：设计模型点火器是由两个等腰梯形的绝缘架和两个等腰三角形的金属尖以及气隙组成。金属尖长19mm，气隙长2mm等腰梯形绝缘载体（a=30mm，b=2mm，h=30mm）

4、，空气相对介电常数为1。左侧的金属尖电压为10000V，右侧为0V。如图2.1所示。各点坐标如下：K,1,-0.01,0,0, K,2,0.01,0,0, K,3,-0.2,0.01,0,K,4,-0.2,-0.01,0,K,5,0.2,-0.01,0,K,6,0.2,0.01,0, K,7,-0.5,0.3,0, K,8,-0.5,-0.3,0,K,9,0.5,-0.3,0, K,10,0.5,0.3,0,图2.1 点火器模型图第二步：建模仿真利用Ansys进行建模仿真，得到电压与电场分布图如图2.2(a)与图2.2(c)。图2.2(a) 点火器电压分布图2.2(b)点火器电场分布第三步：分

5、析在两个尖端之间取一条直线路径（从(-0.009,0,0)到(0.009,0,0)）进行其电位与电场分析。分析图如图2.3(a)和2.3(b)所示。图2.3(a)路径电势分布图2.3(b)路径电场分布由图2.3(a),(b)可看出，电压有突变，电场在中间最低，在两断处非常大，故可知尖端之间气隙被击穿，点火器功能可以实现。改变实验参数，很容易得到，影响点火器的主要参数是：尖端的电压差，尖端距离，气隙介电常数（设计的点火器常用与空气中，这一项可认为不变项）。尖端电压差越大，气隙距离越小，则越容易点火。3如图1所示，、，半径以内是金属球，其上电位为，大于半径小于半径之间为第一种电解质（即绝缘体），其

6、相对介电常数为，大于半径小于半径之间为第二种电解质，其相对介电常数，第二种电解质外面是导体层，该导体层接地，试分析当（1）当，（2），两种情况时两种电解质内和的分布，并说明两种情况下和的分布不同的原因。（20分）图1解：利用ansys建模仿真得到结果图，如图3.1(a)(b)，3.2(a)(b) ，3.3(a)(b) ，分别为题目（1）（2）小题的电压V分布对照，电场E的分布对照以及电位移矢量D的分布对照。图3.1(a)（1）中电压分布图3.1(b)（2）中电压分布图3.2(a)（1）中电场分布图3.2(b)（2）中电场分布图3.3(a)（1）中电位移分布图3.3(b)（2）中电位移分布取路径

7、为（-0.12,0,0）到（0.12,0,0），则（1）（2）的电场分布如图3.4(a),(b)，电位移矢量分布如图3.5(a)(b)。 图3.4(a)（1）路径电场分布图3.3(b)（2）中路径电场分布图3.4(a)（1）路径电位移分布图3.3(b)（2）中路径电位移分布分析如下：（1）中电场强度在介质一非常大，在介质二中非常小，而（2）中电场与之恰恰反；并且（1）中电场强度的最大值最小值都大于（2）中。（1）中电位移矢量比（2）中要大。原因：由于（1）中介质一的介电常数小，介质二的介电常数大，故而，电位在介质一中降低的慢，在介质二中降低的快，故而在介质一中电场强度非常大，在介质二中电场强度

8、非常小。而（2）恰恰相反，故其电场强度在介质一中非常小，在介质二中非常大。并且，（1）中电场强度的最大值最小值都大于（2）中。所以（1）中电位移矢量比（2）中要大。4 一个螺旋管，如图2所示，其中ABCD长方形为线圈骨架，其EFGH和IJKL两个长方形为线圈，通过线圈的电流密度为，MNPQ长方形为包含整个螺旋管线圈的总待求区域的外边界，几个关键点坐标分别为A（-0.025，-0.05），C（0.025，0.05），E(-0.028,-0.04)G(-0.025,0.04),I(0.025,-0.04),K(0.028,0.04),M(-0.03,-0.058),P(0.03,0.058)。（1

9、）当线圈骨架为木头，其相对磁导率为，（2）当线圈骨架为铁磁性材料，其相对磁导率为，分别求线圈骨架为两种材质时螺旋管内部和外部磁感应强度的分布。（20分）图2解：（1）当线圈骨架为木头时的总磁场分布如图4.1(a)，取路径为（-0.03，0，0）到（0.03，0，0）的磁场分布如图4.1(b)。图4.1(a) 木骨架总磁场分布图图4.1(b) 木骨架路径磁场分布图（2）当线圈骨架为铁磁材料时的总磁场分布如图4.2(a)，取路径为（-0.03，0，0）到（0.03，0，0）的磁场分4.2 (b)。图4.1(a) 铁磁骨架总磁场分布图 图4.1(b) 铁磁骨架路径磁场分布图5 用Ansys分析三相变

10、压器内部磁场分布，变压器功率和尺寸自己设定。（20分）解：设计三相变压器为，如图5.1所示结构，其全部坐标为(-0.6,-0.7),(-0.6,0.7), (-0.2, -0.7),(-0.2,0.7),(-0.9,-1),(-0.9,1),(0.9, -1),(0.9,1)(0.2,0.7),(0.6,-0.7),(0.2,-0.7),(0.6,0.7),(-1,0.6),(-0.9,-0.6),(-1,-0.6),(-0.9,0.6)(-0.6,0.6), (-0.6,-0.6), (-0.5,-0.6),(-0.5,0.6),(-0.3,0.6),(-0.3,-0.6) ,(-0.2,-

11、0.6),(-0.2,0.6,)(0.2,0.6),(0.2,-0.6),(0.3,-0.6),(0.3,0.6),(0.5,0.6),(0.5,-0.6),(0.6,-0.6),(0.6,0.6),(0.9,0.6),(0.9,-0.6),( 1,-0.6),(1,0.6)其中，1=1e+10，2=1e-6，3=2e-8图5.1 变压器尺寸图其内部磁场分布如图5.2所示。图5.2 变压器内部磁场分布图附录（程序）：程序2/BATCH /COM,ANSYS RELEASE 12.0.1 UP20090415 14:59:30 01/14/2016/input,menust,tmp,'&

12、#39;,1 /GRA,POWER/GST,ON/PLO,INFO,3/GRO,CURL,ON/CPLANE,1 /REPLOT,RESIZE WPSTYLE,0/FILNAME,LS2,0 /SOLU FINISH /PREP7 !* /NOPR /PMETH,OFF,1KEYW,PR_SET,1 KEYW,PR_STRUC,0 KEYW,PR_THERM,0 KEYW,PR_FLUID,0 KEYW,PR_ELMAG,1 KEYW,MAGNOD,0 KEYW,MAGEDG,0 KEYW,MAGHFE,0 KEYW,MAGELC,1 KEYW,PR_MULTI,0 KEYW,PR_CFD,0

13、 /GO !* /COM, /COM,Preferences for GUI filtering have been set to display:/COM, Electric !* !* ET,1,PLANE121 !* !* MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,PERX,1,1MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,RSVX,1,1e+10K,1,-0.01,0,0, K,2,0.01,0,0, K,3,-0.2,0.01,0,K,4,-0.2,-0.01,0, K,5,0.2,-0.01,0,K,6,0.2,0.01,0, K,7,-0.5,0.3,0, K,

14、8,-0.5,-0.3,0,K,9,0.5,-0.3,0, K,10,0.5,0.3,0, LSTR, 1, 3 LSTR, 1, 4 LSTR, 2, 6 LSTR, 2, 6 LDELE, 3 LDELE, 1 LDELE, 2 LSTR, 1, 3 LSTR, 1, 4 LSTR, 2, 6 LSTR, 2, 6 LDELE, 3 FLST,2,2,4,ORDE,2 FITEM,2,1 FITEM,2,-2 LDELE,P51X LSTR, 1, 3 LSTR, 1, 4 LSTR, 2, 6 LSTR, 2, 5 LSTR, 6, 10 LSTR, 5, 9 LSTR, 3, 7 LS

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18、!* !* PDEF,lightV,VOLT, ,AVG /PBC,PATH, ,0 !* PLPATH,LIGHTE PLPATH,LIGHTV FINISH ! /EXIT,ALL /BATCH /COM,ANSYS RELEASE 12.0.1 UP20090415 15:43:04 01/14/2016/input,menust,tmp,'',1 /GRA,POWER/GST,ON/PLO,INFO,3/GRO,CURL,ON/CPLANE,1 /REPLOT,RESIZE WPSTYLE,0/INPUT,'file','log',

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23、ences for GUI filtering have been set to display:/COM, Electric !* /PREP7 !* ET,1,PLANE121 !* !* MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,PERX,1,1MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,RSVX,1,1e+10MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,PERX,2,80 MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,RSVX,2,1e+10PCIRC,0.01,0.08,0,360, PCIRC,0.08,0.12,0,360, FLST,2,2,5,

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29、to display:/COM, Electric !* /PREP7 !* ET,1,PLANE121 !* !* MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,PERX,1,80MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,RSVX,1,1e+10MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,PERX,2,1 MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,RSVX,2,1e+10PCIRC,0.01,0.08,0,360, PCIRC,0.08,0.12,0,360, FLST,2,2,5,ORDE,2 FITEM,2,1 FITEM,2,-2 AGLUE,P51X

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35、 !* !* ET,1,PLANE13!* KEYOPT,1,1,0KEYOPT,1,2,0KEYOPT,1,3,0KEYOPT,1,4,0KEYOPT,1,5,0!* !* MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,MURX,1,1MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,RSVX,1,1E+10MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,MURX,2,1MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,RSVX,2,1E-7 MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,MURX,3,1MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,RSVX,3,1

36、E+10!* /REPLOT,RESIZE RECTNG,-0.025,0.025,-0.05,0.05, RECTNG,-0.025,-0.028,-0.04,0.04,RECTNG,0.025,0.028,-0.04,0.04, RECTNG,-0.03,0.03,-0.058,0.058, FLST,2,4,5,ORDE,2 FITEM,2,1 FITEM,2,-4 AOVLAP,P51X CM,_Y,AREA ASEL, , , , 5 CM,_Y1,AREA CMSEL,S,_Y !* CMSEL,S,_Y1 AATT, 1, , 1, 0, CMSEL,S,_Y CMDELE,_Y

37、 CMDELE,_Y1 !* CM,_Y,AREA ASEL, , , , 5 CM,_Y1,AREA CMSEL,S,_Y !* CMSEL,S,_Y1 AATT, 1, , 1, 0, CMSEL,S,_Y CMDELE,_Y CMDELE,_Y1 !* FLST,5,2,5,ORDE,2 FITEM,5,2 FITEM,5,-3 CM,_Y,AREA ASEL, , , ,P51X CM,_Y1,AREA CMSEL,S,_Y !* CMSEL,S,_Y1 AATT, 2, , 1, 0, CMSEL,S,_Y CMDELE,_Y CMDELE,_Y1 !* CM,_Y,AREA ASE

38、L, , , , 6 CM,_Y1,AREA CMSEL,S,_Y !* CMSEL,S,_Y1 AATT, 3, , 1, 0, CMSEL,S,_Y CMDELE,_Y CMDELE,_Y1 !* SMRT,6 SMRT,1 MSHAPE,0,2D MSHKEY,0!* FLST,5,4,5,ORDE,4 FITEM,5,2 FITEM,5,-3 FITEM,5,5 FITEM,5,-6 CM,_Y,AREA ASEL, , , ,P51X CM,_Y1,AREA CHKMSH,'AREA' CMSEL,S,_Y !* AMESH,_Y1 !* CMDELE,_Y CMDE

39、LE,_Y1 CMDELE,_Y2 !* /REPLOT,RESIZE FINISH /SOL!* ANTYPE,0FLST,2,1,5,ORDE,1 FITEM,2,2 !* BFA,P51X,JS, , ,10,0FLST,2,1,5,ORDE,1 FITEM,2,3 !* BFA,P51X,JS, , ,-10,0 MAGSOLV,0,3,0.001, ,25, FINISH /POST1 !* /VSCALE,1,1,0 ! !* PLVECT,B, , , ,VECT,ELEM,ON,0 /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,F

40、AST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.37174211248,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.37174211248,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.37174211248,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.37174211248,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.37174211248,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /REPLOT,RESIZE /DIST,1

41、,1.37174211248,1 /REP,FAST /REPLOT,RESIZE /REPLOT,RESIZE /REPLOT,RESIZE /REPLOT,RESIZE /REPLOT,RESIZE /REPLOT,RESIZE FINISH /SOLFLST,2,4,4,ORDE,2 FITEM,2,13 FITEM,2,-16 DL,P51X, ,ASYM MAGSOLV,0,3,0.001, ,25, FINISH /POST1 !* /VSCALE,1,1,0 ! !* PLVECT,B, , , ,VECT,ELEM,ON,0 /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST

42、/DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.37174211248,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.37174211248,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.37174211248,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.37174211248,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,

43、1.37174211248,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.37174211248,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.37174211248,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.37174211248,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.37174211248,1 /REP,FAST /REPLOT,RESIZE /DIST,1,0.729,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.37174211248,1 /REP,FAST /REPLOT,RES

44、IZE /REPLOT,RESIZE PATH,1,2,30,20, PPATH,1,0,-0.03,0,0,0, PPATH,2,0,0.03,0,0,0, /PBC,PATH,1 /REPLOT /PBC,PATH,0 !* !* PDEF,B,B,SUM,AVG/PBC,PATH, ,0 !* PLPATH,BFINISH ! /EXIT,ALL程序4_2/BATCH /COM,ANSYS RELEASE 12.0.1 UP20090415 00:26:13 01/16/2016/input,menust,tmp,'',1 /GRA,POWER/GST,ON/PLO,IN

45、FO,3/GRO,CURL,ON/CPLANE,1 /REPLOT,RESIZE WPSTYLE,0/FILNAME,LS4_2,0/PREP7 !* /NOPR /PMETH,OFF,1KEYW,PR_SET,1 KEYW,PR_STRUC,0 KEYW,PR_THERM,0 KEYW,PR_FLUID,0 KEYW,PR_ELMAG,1 KEYW,MAGNOD,1 KEYW,MAGEDG,0 KEYW,MAGHFE,0 KEYW,MAGELC,0 KEYW,PR_MULTI,0 KEYW,PR_CFD,0 /GO !* /COM, /COM,Preferences for GUI filt

46、ering have been set to display:/COM, Magnetic-Nodal !* !* ET,1,PLANE13!* KEYOPT,1,1,0KEYOPT,1,2,0KEYOPT,1,3,0KEYOPT,1,4,0KEYOPT,1,5,0!* !* MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,MURX,1,2000MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,RSVX,1,1E-7MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,MURX,2,1MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,RSVX,2,1E-7 MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,MURX,3,1MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,RSVX,3,1E+10!* /REPLOT,RESIZE RECTNG,-0.025,0.025,-0.05,0.05, RECTNG,-0.025,-0.028,-0.04,0.04,RECTNG,0.025,0.028,-0.04,0.04, RECTNG,-0.03,0.03,-0.058,0.058, FLST,2,4,5,ORDE,2 FITEM,2,1 FITEM,2,-4 AOVLAP,P51X CM,_Y,AREA ASEL, , , , 5 CM,_Y1,AREA CMSEL,