研究生英语视听说教程(应梅芳版)第1236单元部分听力材料

1、Chelsea Hu, who will graduate in December with a master's degree in communication management from the University of Southern California, seems unusually relaxed while most of her classmates are scrambling to find jobs in the United States."I have decided to return to China, where I will be

2、more competitive for a senior-title job," she said."I'm concerned more about finding something I am interested in rather than taking an entry-level job just for the purpose of staying in the US," Hu said.The 26-year-old passed four rounds of telephone interviews to land an interns

3、hip this summer in the Beijing office of an American video-on-demand provider. Hu, who earned her bachelor's degree in television editing and directing from Peking University, left for the Chinese capital last week.Before coming to the US, she worked for a year in a Beijing public relations firm

4、. Work experience combined with her US degree would make Hu a top candidate for many jobs in her home country, as employers seek out talented Chinese who were educated abroad to help them navigate the global marketplace.Hu is among a growing number of graduates who are heading home to China and its

5、enticing job market as hiring in the US lags. Statistics show that over the past year, unemployment among US college graduates younger than 25 has averaged 8.5 percent. That's better than the 9.5 percent recorded in 2011 but much higher than the 5.4 percent seen in the year preceding the recessi

6、on that began at the end of 2007.A New York Times editorial on June 4 noted that even those American graduates lucky enough to find decent work will face reduced starting salaries this year. From 2007 to 2011, the wages of young college graduates, adjusted for inflation, declined 4.6 percent, or abo

7、ut $2,000 each per year, the paper said. Many others will struggle to find work or have to settle for lower-level or lower-paid positions that don't require a college degree. "The posts available for international students are very limited at job fairs," Hu said.For Yang Jie, who gradu

8、ated in 2011 with a master's degree in business administration from New York's Fordham University, 12 months of job hunting in the US didn't end happily. After sending more than 100 application letters and getting a few phone interviews, he has yet to receive a single offer.But Yang said

9、 he isn't frustrated. "This is quite normal. Even some American graduates might face the disappointment of moving back in with their parents, or have to work at a cafe to pay off loans," he said.He plans to fly back to China in July and research the domestic market's potential for

10、an education business he has in mind."More and more Chinese families want their children to study in the US at younger ages," he said. "I want to start my career by setting up a study-abroad website to serve Chinese applicants."Data shows Chinese have outnumbered Indian peers to

11、become the leading group of international students at US colleges and universities since the 2009-10 academic year.Some Chinese students of the Class of 2012 have lucked out.Zhang Yanni, a graduate of the University of Rochester in New York State, recently started a job as a digital-marketing specia

12、list for an American IT company in Southern California. She said the pay is good and her boss is nice."I am the first and only Chinese student (of 13) in my class to get a job so far," Zhang said."The job market here is pretty good this year for Chinese students majoring in high-tech.

13、 It seems the high-tech field is in another boom cycle," said Roy Kong of the US-China Association of High-Level Professionals.Questions:1. What was the unemployment rate for US college graduates last year?2. What are more Chinese students doing after graduation?3. Who is the leading group of i

14、nternational students at US colleges and universities since the 2009-10 academic year?Answers:1. 8.5 percent.2. Returning home to China to find jobs.3. Chinese.Women-only train carriages NB: This is not a word for word transcript Alice: Hello! Im Alice and this is 6 Minute English. Welcome to Rob wh

15、o is joining me today! Hi Rob. Rob: Hello Alice. Alice: Today were talking about female-only carriages on trains. Rob: These are train carriages which are only for women. We dont have them in the UK. Alice: No we dont but there are quite a few countries which do have female-only carriages for commut

16、ers. Its to help women from being bothered while they are travelling to stop sexual harassment1. Can you guess which of these countries have female-only carriages Rob? Ill give you a choice of 4. Canada, Japan, Egypt or Germany Rob: Ill have a think and tell you at the end of the programme. Why is t

17、his in the news? Alice: Its in the news because women in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, will now be able to travel in female-only train carriages. Heres part of a report by the BBCs Karishma Vaswani in Jakarta. Extract 1: The trains to the suburbs are always packed with commuters trying to get f

18、rom their offices in the city back to their homes. Female passengers have been complaining that some male commuters are taking advantage. By introducing womens only carriages, the state-run rail operator wants to put a stop to sexual harassment. Alice: The company that operates the trains in this pa

19、rt of Jakarta say they have received lots of complaints about men taking advantage of women. Taking advantage thats a polite way of saying some men were touching2 women or banging into them on purpose on crowded trains. Rob: It is officially called sexual harassment. Alice: The state-run rail operat

20、or the train company owned by the government said that women were avoiding packed trains to avoid sexual harassment. So they have created women only train carriages. Rob: They have even designed the train carriages to appeal to women apparently3. Alice: Thats right. The carriages are made in Japan a

21、nd have brightly covered pink seats. Theyre easy to spot. Rob: Theyre easy to spot they stand out, theyre easy to see from a distance. Alice: This woman, 22 year old Yanti a student in Jakarta said she hopes the carriages will help stop sexual harassment on crowded trains. Extract 2 (Voiceover in En

22、glish): Hopefully this service will be able to reduce the number of women who become targets of sexual harassment on the trains. Sometimes there are men who bump and push into us on purpose, and they take advantage of the cramped 4 conditions. But there must be other ways to stop sexual harassment.

23、We have to try and raise awareness5 about the issue as well. Alice: So Yanti said the carriages are part but not all of the solution - to prevent sexual harassment on the train. Rob: Yes she said that its important to raise awareness about the issue of sexual harassment as well. Alice: to raise awar

24、eness thats a useful phrase you often hear it when people want to talk about difficult issues issues which are difficult to discuss. Rob: We also heard the phrase taking advantage again. Alice: Yanti said that some men take advantage of the cramped conditions on the train to bump or push into women

25、on purpose. Rob: on purpose that means you do something deliberately6. The carriages are full of people theyre very cramped. Alice: He did it on purpose, she did it on purpose it wasnt a mistake, they did it deliberately. Sexual harassment is a difficult issue to talk about. Some countries have laws

26、 which make sexual harassment illegal especially in the workplace. What is the official definition of sexual harassment Rob? Rob: The United Nations Development Fund for Women defines sexual harassment as "unwelcome or unwanted verbal, non-verbal, physical or visual conduct based on sex or of a

27、 sexual nature; the acceptance or rejection7 of which affects an individual's employment. Alice: Verbal means spoken. So sexual harassment can be language too not just physical touching. Unwelcome verbal, non-verbal, physical or visual conduct. Visual means it could be a look from somebody that

28、is unwanted as well. Rob: That definition of sexual harassment is also just about women at work. But it can happen in other places too. Alice: Yes and remember its not just women who can be sexually harassed8. There are also many legal cases where men say they have been sexually harassed at work or

29、in other places too. Rob: Men can be victims of sexual harassment too. Alice: So Rob have you thought about the answer to my question. Which of these countries already have female-only train carriages? Canada, Japan, Egypt or Germany Rob: Ill have a guess. Is it Canada and Japan? Alice: The answers

30、are Japan and Egypt. Female-only train carriages were first introduced in Japan in the year 2000 during the busy end-of-year festive9 season when lots of people had been celebrating. And you can also find female-only train carriages in Cairo, Egypt, Brazil, Malaysia and Taiwan. So before we go Rob s

31、hall we review some of todays language? Rob: Yes of course. female-only carriages commuters sexual harassment taking advantage state-run rail operator easy to spot to raise awareness cramped on purpose verbal Alice: Well thats all weve got time for today. Thanks for joining us and see you next time.

32、 Bye! What motivates us to take on life's challenges? Is it the lure of money, fame, power? Or is it something else?In his new book, bestselling author Daniel Pink challenges traditional concepts of what drives us to act - and shares some surprising scientific explanations for why we do what we

33、do.The science behind motivationPink says there's a big gap between what science knows and what business leaders know about how to motivate a workforce.Pink says most businesses operate today on the carrot-and-stick system of rewards and punishments. Employees are rewarded for good performance,

34、and penalized for performing badly. Author Daniel Pink believe a system of rewards and punishments works well for simple, routine jobs.According to Pink, the carrot-and-stick approach usually works well in situations where workers are performing simple, routine tasks, like checking products on an as

35、sembly line or packing boxes. But for jobs that require creativity, and deeper, more complex thinking, such as writing or designing, employers need to take a different approach.What really motivates us?People in more creative jobs are not as motivated by external factors like cash rewards, according

36、 to Pink. They do their job because they like it."They like the challenge of it, they like the mastery of it, they like the engagement that it brings, they like the creativity that it requires," says Pink.He calls these intrinsic or internal motivators. An intrinsic motivator says Pink, is

37、 doing something for the sake of the activity itself. "So you play the banjo because you like to play the banjo," he says. Extrinsic motivator on the other hand, is doing something in order to get a reward. A person might work really hard at their job if they know the person with the most

38、sales will get a $100 gift card.AutonomyPink says intrinsic motivators can be broken down into three components: The first is autonomy; "that is, self-direction." The second is mastery, "our desire to become better at something that matters," and finally, purpose, "to do wha

39、t we do in service of something larger than ourselves.""Those are really the pathway to high performance on a whole range of things," says Pink, "especially on the more creative, conceptual, complex things that more and more people in this country, in the United States, in Wester

40、n Europe, in Canada, in Australia, in Japan in much of the industrialized world are doing." Pink goes on to explain the importance of autonomy in situations where people are in restricted environments:"The history of humans of all kinds of societies - western, eastern, modern, ancient - is

41、 that human beings typically resist control," he says. Pink says people, like these Iranian protesters in July 2009, follow a natural instinct to resist control and direct their own lives. ."So you have people in Iran who are protesting that government even though it puts them in harm'

42、s way, because they don't want to be controlled. You have a young man who stands in front of a tank in Tiananmen Square. I mean that is, I think, our human nature; human nature is to direct our own lives and to resist control." Pink believes the greatest things that have happened in human c

43、ivilization have been the result of people being able to do what they wanted to do:"Most great pieces of art, most great pieces of music, many great architectural triumphs, many great technological innovations, the things that last and endure, are often the product, obviously, of human ingenuit

44、y, but also the product of the autonomy that allowed people to be ingenious," he says. Jerry BauerBest-selling author Daniel Pink reveals the surprising truth about what motivates us, in his new book, 'Drive.'MasteryAnother element of intrinsic motivation, says Pink, is the element of m

45、astery. That is, "the desire to get better at things." He quotes a recent Harvard business school research that shows that the biggest motivator at work - by far - is making progress. "The days that people feel most engaged, most motivated, are the days when they've made some prog

46、ress in their work," he says.Pinks believes that one of a manager's biggest roles is to help people see their progress, and to recognize and celebrate it. Making progress he says, "is one of those things that make up the virtuous circle, so that if you make progress one day, you're

47、 more likely to be motivated, which makes it more likely that you'll make progress the next day." PurposeIn addition to autonomy and mastery, says Pink, there's a third element of intrinsic motivation, the universal human desire for a sense of purpose."We tend to work better when w

48、e know what we're doing matters in some way," he says. "Not necessarily matters in some super transcendent eliminate-green-house-gases from the atmosphere way, but can be simply writing a great story that helps people understand their world a little bit better; or creating a product th

49、at makes people live their lives a little easier, or creating something that brings beauty to somebody's life." Daniel Pink believes that as we learn more about the science of human motivation, society will adapt."I think that what the science shows here is very much in sync with our i

50、nstincts," he says."Humans are complex. They're different. We have a mix of drives. We do things for silly irrational reasons and we do things because of getting the reward or the punishment, but we also do things for big, transcendent reasons," he says. "That's part of w

51、hat it is to be human - and now you have a body of science that shows what I think we know in our hearts - and I think that's a pretty good combination."Pink says today's business managers, facing the increasingly competitive pressures of a global marketplace, may be more inclined than ever before to question traditional attitudes about what motivates, and ultimately fulfills us, as humans. Disabled army veteran Doris Moffit gets help from a dog named Bubba. Since hurting