英语5段教学重点

1、Unit 7 (Book 2)Not on My Block. Wordsabandon vt. 离弃；丢弃；放弃cautious a. 十分小心的；谨慎的challenge n. 挑战，邀请比赛； 艰巨的任务stablish n. 建立； 创办explode v. 突然爆发；（使）爆炸impact n. 影响，作用；冲击力，撞击力leadership n. 领导才能；领导地位organization n. 团体；组织；结构pray v. 祈祷；祈求property n. 房地产；财产 stream n. 川流不息；（人、车等的）流；（小河）throat n. 咽喉； 颈前部 tough a.

2、 粗野的；坚韧的；困难的tragedy n. 惨事；不幸；悲剧vacant v. 未占用的；空的 . Phrases and Expressionsmove in搬入新家hang out经常出没；闲逛；厮混turn over翻转take to逐渐习惯于做（某事）；开始喜欢 take a stand表明立场seton fire/set fire to放火烧；使燃烧run into偶然遇见get through to sb. 使某人懂得；使某人明白. Sentence Translation1. 在当地政府的领导下，村民们奋起应付由水灾造成的严重粮食危机。 Under the leadership

3、 of the local government, the villagers rose to the serious food crisis caused by the floods.2. 这个展览会很受欢迎，吸引着源源而至的参观者。 The exhibition is very popular and is attracting a steady stream of visitor.3. 妈妈上楼查看我们这些孩子时，我转过身假装睡着了。When Mom came upstairs to check on us kids, I turned over and pretended to be

4、asleep.4. 对阿姆斯特德来说，向毒贩展开斗争是个挑战。虽然她感到紧张不安，但她决心勇敢地面对这些人。Waging a battle against the drug pusher was a challenge to Armstead. She felt rather nervous but she decided to confront them.5. 老太太叫我小心些， 不要与那些在街角闲荡的家伙讲话。The old lady told me to be cautious and not to talk to the guys hanging out on the street c

5、orner.6. 一个卫生组织促使地方政府为建造一所新的医院筹措三百万美元的资金。A health organization prompted the local government to raise a three-million-dollar fund for a new hospital. Selected ParagraphPeople told her she was crazy to talk to those thugs that way. Especially after another mom who had taken a stand was killed just fi

6、ve blocks away. Angela Dawson had waged her own battle against a different set of drug pushersand lost. In a tragedy that made the national news, the Dawson house was set on fire and Angela, her husband, Carnell, and five of their children died. A neighborhood man was charged. Armstead didnt know An

7、gela Dawson, but she knew her children. After the deadly fire, she was more cautiousbut she didnt stop.人们对她说，她跟那帮恶棍这样讲话真是太蠢了。尤其是在仅仅五个街区外另一个表明立场的大妈被杀之后。这个大妈叫安吉拉·道森。她只身与另一伙毒品贩子进行了一场战斗 结果失败了。道森家的房子被人烧了，安吉拉、她的丈夫卡内尔和他们的五个孩子都死了，这一悲剧成了震惊全国的新闻。邻近地区内的一名男子受到指控。阿姆斯特德不认识安吉拉·道森，但她认识她的孩子。在这场致死的大火后，她更加当心

8、了 但它并没有停止。Unit 8 (Book 2)Honesty: Is It Going Out of Style?. Wordshonesty n. 诚实style n. 方式，样式，风度，风格，时髦admission n. 准许进入（或加入）， 承认，供认temptation n. 引诱，诱惑behavio(u)r n. 行为competency n. 能力；胜任misdemeano(u)r n. 轻罪requirement n. 要求；必要条件psychological a.心理（上）的 applaud vt. 拍手称赞frequently adv. 频繁地 character n.

9、性格，品质 supermarket n. 超级市场numerous a. 许多的，无数的. Phrases and Expressionsout of style过时的，不再流行的according to 按照，依照(be) faced with面对a case in point 恰当的例子think ofas把看作 on the other hand另一方面，反过来说go down下降；减少. Sentence Translation1. 巨额投资(investment)使这一地区地经济得以迅速发展。 Vast amounts of investment have enabledthe ec

10、onomyof the area to grow rapidly. 2. 成功在于勤奋(diligence)，这句话很正确。 It is true that success lies in diligence. 3. 他们都具有很高的道德标准，决不会受诱惑接受如此贵重的礼品。 Men of high moral standards, they are never to be tempted into taking such expensive gifts.4. 有迹象表明，不少工厂正面临着十分困难的局面。 There are indications that numerous factorie

11、s are faced with a very difficult situation.5. 调查揭示，对某些人来说，退休往往会造成心理上的疾病。 Investigation has revealed that retirement tends to cause psychological troubles for some people.6. 医疗队并没有一味抱怨(do more than complain)当地医院较差的工作条件，比如说，好几位医生就曾用自己的钱购置了简单的医疗器械。 The medical team did more than complain about the rel

12、atively poor working conditions at the local hospital. For instance, several doctors bought simple medical instruments with their own money. Selected ParagraphColleges and universities across the nation have decided to do more than talk about the rise in student cheating. For instance, the Departmen

13、t of Psychology at the University of Maryland launched a campaign to stop one form of cheating. As 409 students filed out of their exam, they found all but one exit blocked. Proctors asked each student to produce an ID card with an attached photo. Students who said theyd left theirs in the dorm or a

14、t home had a mug shot taken. The purpose of the campaign was to catch “ringers,” students who take tests for other students.除了谈论学生作弊的上升外，全国各地的大学已决定采取一切措施。例如，马里兰大学心理系就开展了一场制止各种作弊形式的运动。当409名学生考完试鱼贯离开教室时，他们发现除了一个出口外，所有的出口都堵住了。监考人员要求每个学生出示贴有照片的身份证。那些说把身份证留在宿舍或家中的学生都被拍了面部照。这一运动的目的是捉拿“冒名顶替者”，即帮别人代考的学生。 Un

15、it 9 (Book 2)What Is Intelligence, Anyway?. Wordsabsolute a. 完全的；全部的；绝对的academic a. 学术的，学究的；学院的aptitude n. 能力，才能automobile n. 汽车complacent a. 自满的；自鸣得意的determine v. 确定；决定estimate v. 估价；估算evaluation n. 估价，评价 explore vt. 探索；探究hammer n. 锤子，榔头numerical a. 数字的；用数字表示的pronouncement a. 声明；见解register vt. 取得；登

16、记n. 登记表；注册簿；登记簿subsection n. 小组；分部II. Phrases and Expressionsmake a fuss of/over 为大惊小怪make up 编制；配制by ones estimate 根据某人估计take sth. for granted认为理所当然pick out 挑选for sure 确切地；肯定. Sentence Translation1. 作者认为，我们不应想当然地以为那些智力测验得高分的人在实际工作中就一定能干得好。 The author argues that we shouldnt take it for granted that

17、 those who score high on intelligence tests will naturally do well in practical work.2. 我挑出几条英语成语(idiom)，考了一下我的同班同学。 I picked out some English idioms and tried them on my classmates.3. 三位教授被请来对新教员设计的教案作出评估。 Three professors were asked to make an evaluation of the teaching plans devised by the new te

18、achers.4. 他比任何对手的得分都高得多，证明他不愧为一个胜利者。 He scored much higher than any of his rivals and proved himself a worthy winner.5. 这两只动物外貌很相似，但它们属于不同的种类。 The two animals are similar in appearance, but they belong to different species.6. 我并不确切知道他申请的贷款(loan)银行是否会给。 I dont know for sure whether the bank will gran

19、t him the loan he has applied for. Selected ParagraphConsider my auto-repair man, again. He had a habit of telling me jokes whenever he saw me. One time he raised his head from under automobile hood to say: “Doc, a deaf-and-dumb guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. He put two finger

20、s together on the counter and made hammering motions with the other hand.The clerk brought him a hammer. He shook his head and pointed to the two fingers he was hammering. The clerk brought him nails. He picked out the sizes he wanted, and left. Well, doc, the next guy who came was a blind man. He w

21、anted scissors. How do you suppose he asked for them?”再来考虑一下我的汽车修理师吧。他有个习惯，每次见到我都要跟我讲些笑话。有一次他从汽车引擎罩下面抬起头来说：“博士，有一个又聋又哑的人走进一家五金店买钉子。他把两个手指头一起放在柜台上，用另一只手做了几次锤击动作。店员给他拿来一把锤子。他摇摇头，指了指他正在敲击的那两个手指头。店员给他拿来了钉子。他选出了自己需要的尺寸，然后就走了。听好，博士，接着进来的是个瞎子。他要买剪刀。你猜他是怎么表示的呢？” Unit 10 (Book 2)Profits of Praise. Wordsappli

22、cation n. 应用，运用；申请（书/表）v. 申请；使用，应用 appreciate vt. 欣赏，鉴赏；感谢，感激 comment n. vi. 评论 compliment n. 赞扬；称赞constructive a. 建设性的 dramatically ad. 显著地 embarrass vt. 使窘迫，使尴尬 exhaust vt. 使筋疲力尽 glorious a. 辉煌的 peacefully ad. 和平地；平静地 profit n. 益处；利润 reluctant a. 不情愿的；勉强的rewarding a. 值得（做）的；报答的surprisingly ad. 令人吃

23、惊地；使人惊奇地；出人意料地；weary a. 厌倦的，厌烦的. Phrases and Expressionsmake out 开出；填写 only too 极，非常shrug off 耸肩表示对不屑理睬 pat on the back 赞扬；鼓励pass on 传递live on 靠生活. Sentence Translation1. 作者想通过这篇文章向读者传达她对赞扬与批评的看法。Through the article the author want to convey to the readers her view on praise and criticism.2. 作为父母我们应

24、该知道，这对孩子们来说，一句赞扬抵得上十句责骂。 As parents we should know that for children an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding.3. 这位教师可能不是一个了不起的学者，但他的确懂得怎样把一门课教得活泼而有趣。(in a manner) The teacher isnt much of a scholar, but he does know how to teach a course in a lively and interesting manner.4. 我们常常发现运用一个规律比懂得它

25、要难得多。 We often find it much more difficult to apply a rule than to know it.5. 格林先生老是挑他女儿写作得刺儿，但不知怎的，对她那首写得很差的诗歌却给予好评。Mr. Green was always critical of his daughters writings, but somehow he commented favorably on that poorly written poem of hers.6. 我们班上有不少学生因为没有按时交作文而受到教师的当众批评。 Quite a few students i

26、n our class were publicly criticized by the teacher for failing to hand in their compositions on time. Selected Paragraph Praise is particularly appreciated by those doing routine jobs: gas-station attendants, waitresseseven housewives. Do you ever go into a house and say, “What a tidy room ”? Hardl

27、y anybody does. Thats why housework is considered such a dreary grind. Comment is often made about activities which are relatively easy and satisfying, like arranging flowers; but not about jobs which are hard and dirty, like scrubbing floors. Shakespeare said, “Our praises are our wages.” Since so

28、often praise is the only wage a housewife receives, surely she of all people should get her measure. 那些从事例行工作的人们特别懂得赞扬的意义，如汽车加油站的服务员、女侍者 甚至家庭主妇。当你走进一家住房时，你可曾说过：“多么整洁的房间啊”？ 几乎没有人这么说过。 家务劳动之所以被认为是沉闷乏味的苦差使，原因就在于此。人们经常对一些比较容易而又令人满意的活动，如插花，加以评论；但对像擦地板这类又苦又脏的工作却不予置评。莎士比亚说过：“对我们的称赞就是给予我们的报酬。” 既然在很多情况下，称赞是家

29、庭主妇得到的唯一报酬，因此，她理应得到自己的一份赞扬。 Unit 1 (Book 3)A Brush with the Law. Wordsarrestable a. 构成逮捕的；应予逮捕的 brilliant a. 辉煌的；卓越的circumstance n. 情况，环境complain v. 抱怨；埋怨；发牢骚confirm vt. 证实，肯定；确认conversational a. 会话（用）的defence n. 辩护；辩解；答辩 dismiss vt. 驳回，对不予受理；免职，解雇employment n. 职业；工作magistrate n. 地方法官regard (as) v.

30、将认为；把视为；看待respectable a. 值得尊敬的 subsequent a. 随后的，接下去的successful a. 获得成功的；有成就的temporary a. 暂时的. Phrases and Expressionsa coupe of少数，几（个）；一对take ones time 慢慢来，不着急at first 起初；起先call on 要求stand a chance 有机会；有希望turn against （使）与反目成仇，变得敌对. Sentence Translation1. 杰克对书架上那些书一本也不了解，所以他的选择是很随意的。Jack didnt know

31、 anything about any of the books on the bookshelf, so his choice was quite arbitrary.2. 随后发生的那些事件再次证明了我的猜疑(suspicious)是对的(confirm)。The subsequent events confirmed my suspicions once again.3. 令我们吃惊的是，这位常被赞为十分正直的州长(governor)竟然是个贪官(corrupt official)。(turn out to be)To our surprise, the governor who had

32、 often been praised for his honesty turned out to be a corrupt official.4. 只有少数工人得到提升(be promoted)，在这同时却有数百名工人被解雇(dismissed)。A few workers were promoted, but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed.5. 如果有机会，约翰也许已成为一位杰出的画家了。(given)Given the chance, John might have become an outstanding painter.6

33、. 数小时后，有人看见那个男孩在林子里瞎转。Several hours later, the boy was found wandering around in the woods. Selected ParagraphAnd so I do not have a criminal record. But what was most shocking at the time was the things my release from the charge so clearly depended on. I had the “right ” accent, respectable middle

34、-class parents in court, reliable witnesses, and I could obviously afford a very good solicitor. Given the obscure nature of the charge, I feel sure that if I had come from a different background, and had really been unemployed, there is every chance that I would have been found guilty. While asking

35、 for costs to be awarded, my solicitors case quite obviously revolved around the fact that I had a “brilliant academic record”. 这样，我的履历上没有留下犯罪的记录。但当时最令人震惊的，是那些显然导致宣布我无罪的证据。我讲话的口音“表明我教养良好到庭的有体面的中产阶级的双亲，有可靠的证人，还有，我显然请得起一名很好的律师。从对我指控的这种捕风捉影的做法来看，我肯定，如果我出身于另一种背景的家庭里并且真的是失了业的话我完全可能被判有罪。当我的律师要求赔偿诉讼费时，他公然把

36、辩护的证据建立在我“学业优异”这一事实上。， Unit 2 (Book 3)Fruitful Questions. Wordsaccess n. 通路；入口；进入（或享用、接近）的机会contract vt. 感染（疾病）definitely ad. 清楚地；明确地evolution n. 演变，进化；发展fruitful a. 硕果累累的；多产的，有利的highway n. 公路；交通要道limitation n. 限制；限定mild a. （疾病、惩罚等）不重的；轻微的notable a. 值得注意的；显著的；著名的parameter n. （限定的）因素，特性；界限shatter v.

37、（使）粉碎strawberry n. 草莓super a. 极好的；了不起的version n. （某种）版本，形式；（个人的）说法；译本view vt. 察看；考虑，看待. Phrases and Expressionstake out拿出；抽出think up想出in short总之；简言之bring up使注意；提出. Paragrph Translation迅速方便地获得信息很重要，It is important to have easy and quick access to information,但学会以新的方式看信息甚至更为重要。but it is even more impo

38、rtant to learn to look at information in new ways.医学上一次重大突破也许能说明这一观点。A major medical breakthrough may illustrate the point.科学家本想寻找一种治天花的特效药，但他们没有成功。Scientists had intended to find a cure for smallpox, but they got nowhere.英国医生爱德华. 詹纳放弃寻找特效药，靠找到一种预防天花的办法征服了这一疾病。Edward Jenner, a British physician, aba

39、ndoned the quest for a cure and conquered the disease by finding a way to prevent it. 显然，是创造性思维使他的工作获得巨大收获。Obviously, it was creative thinking that led to his fruitful work. 总之，记住下面这句话肯定大有裨益：In short, it definitely pays to keep this in mind:有多种方法对待你下载的大量资料。there is more than one way to look at volum

40、es of data you download. Selected ParagraphWe are not now, nor have we recently been suffering from a lack of information. Think how much more information we have than Copernicus had four centuries ago. And he didnt do anything less Earth-shattering (punintended) than completely change the way the u

41、niverse was viewed. He didnt do it by uncovering more informationhe did it by looking differently at information everyone else already had looked at. Edward Jenner didnt invent preventive medicine by accumulating information; he did it by reframing the question. 无论是现在还是最近，我们都不缺信息。试想我们拥有的信息比四百年前的哥白尼多

42、了多少。 但他作出了足以震撼地球的（权作双关语）惊人之举，完全改变了人们对宇宙的看法。他做出此举不是靠发现更多的信息，而是靠用不同的目光来看大家都看到过的信息。爱德华·詹纳不是靠积累信息发明预防药物， 而是靠重新表述问题。 Unit 3 (Book 3)Why I Teach. Wordsadministration n. 管理（部门），行政（机关）analysis n. 分析corporation n. 有限公司creation n. 创造；创建；（尤指圣经所述由上帝）创造天地distribution n. 分发；分送energetic a. 精力充沛的intuition n. 直

43、觉journal n. 杂志；日报mechanic n. 机械工；机修工 occasional a. 偶尔的；偶然的；临时的opportunity n. 机会；时机profession n. 行业；职业self-reliance n. 依靠自己；自力更生stimulate vt. 刺激，激励Technological a. 技术的. Phrases and Expressionsstay up不睡觉，熬夜take notes 记笔记keep a diary 记日记leave out 不包括；不提及；漏掉send off 寄出；发出catch ones breath 恢复正常呼吸. Sentence Translation1. 许多美国大学生申请政府贷款交付学费。Many American students