开放英语1_讲义

1、开放英语开放英语1 讲义讲义 This is English 1 2007年秋开放英语开放英语1 This is English1课程说明 通过本课程的学习，学生应能掌握一定的英语语言基础知识, 具备初步的听、说、读、写能力：能掌握1,100词左右的常用词汇（包括入学时要求掌握的600词）和相关的常用词组；能听懂发音清楚、语速较慢的教学用语和日常生活用语；能用英语进行简单的日常交谈；能读懂所学词汇和语法范围内的故事、短文及通知、便函等；能够用便条转达具体信息，写出简短的私人信函。同时，本课程通过提供一些英语国家的文化背景知识，增强学生对这些国家的了解，帮助学生提高语言的实际应用能力。 形成性考

2、核成绩及成绩比例n1。 形成性考核要求:n本课程的形成性考核总成绩为百分制，上报省电大。形成性考核成绩占期末总成绩的20分，由平时作业完成情况及小组学习情况构成。1) 作业次数：3次n内容：主教材开放英语1中的复习与自测单元：6、12、18单元。n平时作业成绩占形成性考核成绩的75%，即20分中的15分。2）小组学习情况占形成性考核成绩的25%，即20分中的5分。学生以小组为单位进行自学形成性考核成绩及成绩比例4、考核说明 本课程的测试由形成性考核和课程终结考试两部分组成，形成性考核占总成绩20%，课程终结考试占80%。形成性考核以平常作业完成情况，面授辅导课的参与情况以及小组学习情况为依据。

3、课程终结考试内容包括大纲规定掌握的基本语言知识和技能，其中听力测试成绩占课程终结考试的20%。形式为闭卷，笔答。考试时间为120分钟。远程辅导联系方式n1）中央电大网站：http:/ nhttp:WWW n省电大责任教师：严春容nEmail: nTel周二、四下午值班答疑n邵武电大辅导教师：黄香喜nTel:6224449nEmail:Unit1 Unit 2 Unit3n介绍自己或他人n询问自己或他人的情况n讨论休闲活动n讨论旅行安排n时间的表示n提议与应答nTo be to have to do三种动词 的用法n基数词和序数词nThere be 句型n6。动词to

4、 be I am we are you are they are he is she is it is肯定式 He is a manager.否定式 He isnt a manager.疑问式 Is he a manager? is not = isnt are not = arent he is = hes she is = shes I am = Im we are = were they are = theyre what is = whats where is = wheresn 代词n 人称代词主格： I we you they he she itn 形容词性物主代词： my our

5、 your their his her its 在名词后加s 表示所属关系 -的行为动词 to don 动词第三人称单数n 名词复数形式n1）一般情况+sn2）以 sh ch o 结尾加 - esn3）以辅音字母+y n （元音字母+ y 收尾的情况不同）n4）特殊变化nlike to do sth. like doing sth.表达问候的方式 Hi nHellonHow are you?nFine. And you?nHow do you do?nGood morning. nGood afternoon. n Good evening. n Good night.行为动词肯定式，否定式，

6、疑问式 动词 to do n肯定式 I like swimming. They work hard.n He goes to work.n否定式 dont +v. doesnt +v.n I dont like swimming.n They dont work hard.n He doesnt go to work.n疑问式 Do +主+v.+-? Does + 主+v.+-? Do you like swimming? Yes, I do . No, I dont.n Do they work hard? Does he go to work? n Yes, I does. No, I d

7、oesnt.n Does Li Ping enjoy working?频度副词 adverbs of frequency never sometimes n often usually alwaysn注意频度副词在句子中有不同的位置n1。在动词to be之后n I am usually at home on Sunday.n He was always late for school.n2。在实意动词之后n He usually goes to work at seven n oclock.n We sometimes have English classes n on Sunday.在含有助

8、动词的句子中 在含有助动词的句子中n助动词+频度副词+实意动词n n He doesnt usually go to work at sevenn oclock.nWe dont sometimes have English classes on Sunday.动词 to have1。具有（特点） I have black hair.2。拥有 We all have happy family.3。吃，喝，上课，休息n have a cup of coffeenhave breakfast / lunch/ suppern have classes have a breakn对于1，2 两种 h

9、ave = have got n has = has got n其中否定式 havent hasntn I havent black hair.n we all havent happy family疑问式 Have you black hair? Have you happy family?n Yes, I have . Yes, we have.n No, I havent. No, we havent.n第三种相当于实意动词nHe has lunch in the canteen.nHe doesnt have lunch in the canteen.nDoes he have lun

10、ch in the canteen?n Yes, he does.n No, he doesnt.n疑问句特殊句：n疑问词+一般疑问句 P21n时间表示法n表示时间的介词n at for from-to 提议与应答（1）nWould you like sth.?nWould you like to do sth.?nWould you like some sugar?/ a cup of coffee?nWould you like to have a cup of coffee?n Yes, please. Yes, I would, thanks.nNo, thanks. No, I wo

11、uldnt, thanks.n nWhat would you like to do?nWhat would you like? I would like-基数词：n1. 1 12n one two three four five six seven n eight nine ten eleven twelven2. 1319 个位数+teennthirteen fourteen fifteen eighteenn3. 20 30 40 50 60 -90 个位数+tyn twenty thirty forty fiftyn4. hundred 百 thousand 千 million 百bi

12、llion 十亿n5. 21 twenty-onen6. 121 one hundred and twenty -onen7.1121 one thousand , one hundred and twenty-one序数词n1. 13 n first second thirdn2.49n基数词+ thnfifth ninth eighth twelfthn3.二十， 三十-nty-tiethntwentiethnhundredthn不定冠词: a, ann 定冠词 then指示代词n this thesen that thosethere be 句型 there be 指某处（某时）有/存在

13、 have / has 拥有， 具有n there be +主语+-n There is a man in the office.nThere are two plants in the house.n疑问句 Is theren Are there +主语+-?nIs there a man in the office?nAre there two plants in the house?n回答: Yes, there is.n No, there isnt.Useful languagenagenNamenGiven Name Surname nAgenNationalitynMarried

14、 status Yes/NonJobnHome AddressnTelephone NumbernWork Addressnwork for 为-工作 work at 在-单位工作 work in 在-地点工作 work with 和-一起工作npleased Im pleased to meet you. It is nice to meet you. It is glad to meet you.nenjoy doing sth enjoy sth I enjoy my work. I enjoy flying.nsingle room double roomnsign signature

15、nMr. Mrs. Ms Miss +姓（姓名） 不能加名 John Black Mr.Black (Mr. John Black) Mr.BlackUnit 4 Unit 5 Unit 7 学习重点n表示所属关系 询问他人的工作n表示工作地点 表示工作领域n表示拥有 现在进行时n提出建议 谈论价格n澄清意思 描述住所n提建议 表达批评n打电话 预约时间n询问所需时间家庭关系词汇n grandmother grandfather brother-in-law sister-in-lawnson daughter aunt uncle husband wife mother father par

16、ents brother sister niece nephew cousin现在进行时be+ v-ing be: am is aren肯定句He is eating a sandwich.She is working in New York at the moment.They are sitting over there.I am writing a letter.n否定句 be not + v-ingI am not writing a letter.He isnt eating a sandwich.They arent sitting over there.n一般疑问句 Be + 主

17、语 + v ing ?Are you writing a letter?Is he eating a sandwich?Are they sitting over there?n特殊疑问句who( where what how when which)+be +主+v-ing+-?Who are you waiting for?Where is he having lunch?现在进行时的用法n1。说话时正在进行的动作n2。这一段正在进行的活动（此活动有可能此时此刻没有进行）nLiu Fan is currently working on TV advertisement, but right

18、now hes on holiday.提出建议nWhat about+v-ingnHow about+v-ingnWhy dont you+v?nWhat about looking for a new flat?nWhat about doing a dictation?nWhy dont you go to an estate agent?nWell, I dont know.（表示她说不准这个建议好不好）nYes, thats a good idea.（表示她赞同这个建议）表示请求 表示建议n表示请求nCould you + v-?nCould you tell me your tele

19、phone number?n( Yes, of course. No, sorry.nCertainly. Of course.)n3。表示建议nWould you like to +v-?nWould you like to have a coffee?nYes, please.nNo, thank you.询问价格nHow much is-?nHow much does - cost?nHow much is the rent?nHow much does the computer cost?询问花多长时间n花费时间：nIt takes +(某人)+时间+to do sth.nSth ta

20、kes +(某人)+时间n It takes us three hours to fly to Beijing.nThe flight takes three hours.nHow long does the flight take?n How long does it take to fly to Beijing?nIt doesnt take us three hours to fly to Beijing.nThe flight doesnt take three hours.表达批评n表达批评性评论常用的句式too+形容词 太-nnot+形容词 + enough 不够-n The ki

21、tchen is too dark.n The kitchen is not bright enough.n The table is small.n The table is not big enough for two peopleUseful language at the moment 目前 He isnt working at the moment.Wang Li is planning a new marketing compagn atthe moment, but right now he is visiting New York. Wang Li正在策划一个营销活动，不过此刻

22、他正在访问纽约。 on ones ownI was on my own at home yesterday evening.Xiaoyan is sitting on her own in her office when the phone rings.n.wait forXiaoyan is waiting for an important telephone call from her boss in Shanghai.He is waiting for his son at the gate of the school.nright nowHe is working on newspap

23、er advertisements.But he is talking to Mary right now.n be responsible forShe is responsible for teaching business English.npenny在英国货币中，便士 penny(pence) 英镑 pound 100便士=1英镑便士的符号 p 放在数字的后面，英镑的符号 ，放在数字前面。1 one pound24 twenty four pounds2.45 two pounds fourty five (pence)90p ninety pencen be nervousXiaoy

24、an is always nervous on the phone.nring up call phone ring upn. has got=hasn have got=havenI have got a dictionary. nHave you got a dictionary?nYes, I have.nI have a dictionary.nHave you a dictionary?nYes, I have.nDo you have a dictionary?nYes, I do.n tired He is tired. tired from因-而疲惫的 bored by 因-而

25、厌倦excited about 因-感到激动的worried about因-担心的frightened about因-害怕的depressed by 因-而抑郁的n2. invitePolly invite Xiaoyan to have a dance.invitationXiaoyan accepts the invitation.Unit 8 Unit 9 Unit 10 学习重点n表示允许/ 不允许 谈论天气/ 气候n描述城市 谈论正在发生的事情n表达指令 描述物品所在的位置n描述住地设施的方位 问路/ 指路n谈论人的外貌和性格特征 短语动词n表达提议 谈论数量n打电话的开始语与结束语

26、n请求他人做某事情态动词 can:表示允许 You can smoke in the garden. You cant smoke in the kitchen.Can I use the cooker in the kitchen?肯定式：主语+ can +v+-否定式：主语+cant ( can not) + v+-疑问式： Can +主语+v+-?n一般现在时：表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态。 现在进行时：表示说话此刻正在发生的事情或现阶段从事的事情。 He is talking with your teacher.Take an umbrella with you. It is r

27、aining outside.She is learning how to ride a bicycle these days.The are doing scientific research work these days. 3. 英语中表示相对静止的物质，心理及情感状态的动词通常只用于一般时态，而不用进行时。 be have/ have got like love hate 1.天气：weather What is the weather like in+某地It is +形容词 It is +v-ing2 .气候：climate 描述城市：What is London like? Wh

28、at is Shaowu like? 回答：be + 形容词 Shaowu is small,quiet and beautiful.祈使句 祈使句的结构：祈使句表示请求和命令Put it on the small table. Stand the lamp on the desk.Dont put them on the desk.Lets= Let usLets+v 句型问路和指路 1) Where is +场所？2) Where is the nearest+ 场所？ 3) Is there + a/an + 场所？Where is the hospital?Where is the n

29、earest primary school? Is there a supermarket near our school?How do I get there?How do I get to the bus station?Where do I get on?Where do I get off?短语动词短语动词：动词+介词/副词 短语动词需整体记忆 get up 起床get on 上车/ 相处get off 下车/ 动身，离开get about 走动，旅行get sb. down 使-情绪低落表达提议：1.Would you like+名词2. Would you like+ to +动词

30、3. Would you like + 代词 + to+ 动词4. Shall I + 动词原形可数名词和不可数名词名词：专有名词 个体名词 集体名词 物质名词 抽象名词1。 可数名词有复数形式2。 不可数名词没有复数形式3。some any lots of a lot of 既可用于修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词4.不论可数名词还是不可数名词， 如果用一个表示量的词来修饰时，有用of a kilo of rice a carton of a cup of a bag of4. two coffees = two cups of coffee two teas = two cups of t

31、ea动词need1. need to do（动词不定式） 2. need + 名词3. 否定式: doesnt need dont need4.疑问式：Do + 主语+ need - Does + 主语 + need - eg: I need some sugar. He needs to get some prawns. I dont need any sugar. He doesnt need to get any prawns. Do you need any sugar? Does he need to get any prawns?some 和any注意：疑问句中有时也用some 而

32、不用any。 如在表达提议的句子中: Would you like some wine? Could I have some oranges , please?how many和 how much 1. How many do we need to buy? 2. How much cream do we need to buy for four people? how many, how much 问东西或人有多少 how many: 用于可数名词 how much: 用于不可数名词或询问价格 How many apples do you need to buy? How many lych

33、ees are there in a tin? How much milk shall I get? How much mineral water do you want?Useful language1.put up Dont put up posters on the wall.2. park Can I park in the staff car park? No, Im afraid you cant. You can park behind the building. No Parking!3.abroad go abroad phone abroad4. minus The tem

34、perature doesnt go below minus 15 degrees in spring.描述城市的词汇： beautiful-ugly big-smallbusy-calm clean-dirty(polluted)crowed-empty expensive-cheapmodern- old-fashioned quiet-noisysafe-dangerous well-organized- chaotic 1.sit around 2.do no exercise = dont do any exercise3.feel like4. twice a week once

35、twice three times four times5. work out6. further away7. What is it like?8. get on get off1. look around for2. get changed3.put on weight4. work offUnit11 Unit13 Unit 14学习重点n1.询问他人意见。 2.表达同意他人意见。n3.表达兴趣和爱好。 4.表示顺序。n5.how的用法 6.why/because n7.一般现在时表示将来的日程安排。n8.动词to be和 to feel 用于描述过去的经历和情感n9.时间表达。 10谈

36、身体锻炼。n11.描述人的特点。 12 描述人的能力。n13 用现在进行时来表达将来的安排。n14 形容词的比较级。Unit 11 n一.Activity1Useful language:1. think of +名词/ 动词-ing : 认为 What do you think of living in London? What do think of the weather here?2.be different from 与-不同nDo you think China is changing a lot?nI think its very different from the Westn

37、I think that the parks are lovely.nI think you just like drinking coffee!n enjoy 享受，欣赏，喜爱，过得快活 I enjoy the film. I am enjoy the long summer evenings. to enjoy doing something 喜欢干什么 Li Ping enjoys going to the cinema. to enjoy oneself 过得快活，尽情地玩，享受 Please enjoy yourself at the party. prefer 宁可，更喜欢 Whi

38、ch do you prefer, fish or meat? to prefer A to B 喜爱某事胜于喜爱另一事He prefer singing to dancing.I prefer Italian food to Spanish food. to prefer to do sth. I prefer to have coffee. to prefer doing sth. why 和 because 的用法n询问原因用 why 为什么 n结构 why + 一般疑问句？n because 因为 Why do you like English ? Because it is very

39、 interesting. Why do you prefer watching TV?Because it helps my English a lot. Activity 2 询问他人的意见n认为-怎么样？What do you think of +名词/动词ing的形式?Do you think (that) +句子?What do you think of the weather here?Do you think China is changing a lot?What do you think of living in London?Do you think that London

40、 is interesting?提出自己的意见nthink (that) + 句子 认为，觉得nI think you just like drinking coffee!nI think its very different from the West.nI sometimes think that its too big and busy.对他人的肯定意见表示有同感或自己的情况与他人一样nSo am I. So do I . Me too.nHe is enjoying the long summer evenings. So am I. He thinks the parks are l

41、ovely.So do I.I have a bath in the evening.So do I.He has got two brothers.So have I.以上都可以用 Me too.Activity 6谈论兴趣，爱好和擅长 P148nto love to like to hate to prefer +名词/ 代词/ 动词的ing 形式/动词不定式to doto enjoy + 名词/动词的 ing 形式to be interested in to be good at to be keen on +名词/ 代词/动词的ing 形式Activity 7 nborrow 和 le

42、nd borrow 是借来，向别人借 lend 是借给，借出去He _ a lot of money from me.They sometimes _ their car to their parents.Could you _ me your bicycle? Activity 8对他人的反对意见表示同感n与so表示对他人肯定意见表示同感的句子中的用法相似。nI dont like using the computer for that. Neither do I .I dont have tea in the morning.Neither do I.Im not going to the

43、 shop.Neither am I.I havent got a car.Neither have I.Me neither I. Activity 9Activity 10 nActivity 13Whats on ?What time is it on?Is there a film on?Whats on at seven? be on 电影或电视节目 “上演” “上映”Activity 16n学习表示顺序的词汇 first next after that then finally表达指示或指令 可用祈使句或用主语为第二人称的一般现在时。How 的使用n疑问词 how 表示怎么，如何H

44、ow do you pronounce the word?How do I get to the hospital?如果与show know 连用 , how之后要用动词不定式Can you show me how to use the washing machine?He shows me how to get to his house.I dont know how to use the washing machine.Do you know how to open the package?Unit 13nActivity 1 my gym my的用法 my 放在人或场所前面， 表示与我有

45、关，而没有个人拥有的意思。 my school my gym my classromActivity 3n表示时间的介词nat 表示“在-时刻” 与具体的钟点搭配We open at seven and close at ten.non 在-时候 与日期，星期搭配We have English lessons on Tuesday evening.They will arrive on May the twentieth.nin 在-期间 与具体的年代，月份，季节或一天中的某个时段搭配 in the morning/ in the afternoon / in the evening in J

46、anuary / in February in winter / in summernfrom-to 从-到nfrom-till 从-直到nbetween-and 在-之间 Activity 8练习填写申请表Activity 11n练习 wh-问句n who why what which whenn what （什么，什么样的） 和 which （哪个，哪些） what 没有限定的选择范围 which 有限定的选择范围 What do you want to do today?Which museum do you want to go to ?What do you eat for lunc

47、h?Which of these two do you prefer?时间表达法n用 this / next / the- after last / the-before this month / next month /the month after next/ last month / the month before last this Tuesday / next Tuesday / the Tuesday after next / last Tuesday / the Tuesday before last this year this week the day before yes

48、terday yesterday today tomorrow the day after tomorrow Activity 14n描述情感 描述情感或感受，常用动词 to feel (感觉，觉得） feel cold / hungry / comfortable / sad / happyHow are feeling today?/How do you feel today?You will feel better after a nights sleep.He felt cheated. 他感到受骗了。部分动词+ ing = 形容词（ 事物或事件本身所具有的特征）部分动词+ ing =

49、 形容词 （用来描述人的感觉 ） nThe lesson was interesting. nThe students was interested in the lesson. boring to be bored by +名词/ 动词+ing interesting to be interested in exciting to be excited about worrying to be worried about frightening to be frightened about depressing to be depressed by tiring to be tired fr

50、om动词 to be 的过去式nam is was are werenI / he /she / it was we/ you / they werenShe was a teacher in Italy last year.nShe wasnt a teacher in Italy last year.nWas she a teacher in Italy last year?nYes, she was. No, she wasnt.n动词 to be 的过去时的用法：用于描述过去的经历， 状态。 They were in France last month. I was at aerobi

51、cs this morning. What was the party like? It was great.描述经历nHow was-?nWhat was-like? 询问他人对所经历事的总体感觉。-怎么样？What was the party like?/ How was the party?What was the music like?How was the music?Unit 14nActivity 1 nCV curriculum vitae n resume Personal Details Education Employment InterestsActivity 2nFi

52、rst then after that next finally see the advertisement on the Internet job center an application form fill in make a shortlist of the people have an interview Activity 4n学习描述人物特点的词汇 easy-going relaxed bright intelligent quick fast nice pleasant friendly warm reserved unfriendly attractive good-looki

53、ngActivity 10n形容词的比较级n形容词有原级，比较级和最高级三种形式。形容词比较级经常用于两者之间比较。句子结构:（含有形容词比较级的）主句+ than引导的从句从句中常省略意义上和主句相同的部分。 He is taller than other students in his class. The blue one is cheaper than the white one. He pronunciation is better than mine.Rose is more friendly than Frank.形容词比较级的变化n规则变化n不规则变化n比较级前常用的修饰语 a

54、 bit a little much a lot She was a bit / a little faster than him. Rose is much / a lot more easy-going than Frank.描述技能和兴趣nto be good at to be better at n to be bad at to be worse atn to be more interested inn to be less interested inn to be more experienced atn to be less experienced atActivity 16n

55、 induction programmen do a tourn the week after nextn software designern on Tuesday morningn on Thursdayn on Friday morningUnit 15 Unit 16 Unit 17学习重点：一般将来时 谈论责任和义务 学习工作与就业相关的词汇 带双宾语的动词 学习有关身体和疾病与治疗的词汇 提出劝告 提出建议 现在进行时表示将来的活动 to be going to 表示将来的意图 一般将来时表示即时的决定Unit 15nActivity 1 可数名词与不可数名词1。可数名词有复数形式

56、，不可数名词没有复数形式2。询问可数名词量的多少用 how many，询问不可数名词量的多少用how much.3。不可数名词须与动词的单数形式搭配。 There is too much crime in London. There is not enough space for 90 people in the restaurant.4.activity 3too much ,too many和 enoughntoo much +不可数名词 （太多，过多）ntoo many +可数名词（太多，过多）nenough可数不可数名词（足够）We have too much cheese in th

57、e fridge.Weve got too many things to do .We have enough money to buy a flat.Are you warm enough?Thirty dollars will be enough.Activity 11带双宾语的动词n英语中有些动词可以带两个宾语，直接宾语和间接宾语，直接宾语表示动作的直接结果，间接宾语表示动作的目标。间接宾语一般指人。直接宾语指物。nI will give the man the book.nI will give the book to the man.n如果直接宾语是代词，则要用to或for引出间接宾

58、语。nI will give it to my teacher.nThe student lend them to his classmate.nActivity 19nActivity 20 1 twice a year 动作或时件发生的频率表示动作或事件发生的次数或频率可用以下结构：次数a day/week/month/year every day/week/month/year 次数：once twice three times four times-表示义务n have to do sth. has to do sth.nI have to plan the menu.nShe has

59、 to work every evening.nShe doesnt have to work every evening.nDoes she have to work every evening?Activity 22Unit 16nActivity 1nActivity 2n描述病情： 描述病情常用to have to have got I have a cold. He has got a bad headache. 如果说某个部位疼痛，还可以用to hurtHis head hurts. My back hurts.一些疾病的说法 have a headache have earache have a sore thro