生化英文教学大纲

1、biochemistry course outlinepreface biochemistry and molecular biology focus on the chemical composition of organism and the laws of chemical changes during the life process. the content of the course includes the following: structure and function of some biomacromolecules as protein, nucleic acid, c

2、arbohydrate, lipid and enzyme. metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid and nucleotide in vivo. molecular basis and regulation laws in genetic information transferring.cell signal transduction and extracellular matrix needful for various physiological activities. special biochemistry of some ti

3、ssues and organs as blood and liver. this subject mainly adopts principle and methods of chemistry, and also melts the theory and skills of biophysics, physiology, cell biology, genetics and immunology. so, it has extensive interrelation and intersection with numerous subjects. biochemistry and mole

4、cular biology is one of the important basic subjects for medicine.chapter 1 introductioncontent of coursei. the concept of biochemistry. the development history of biochemistry ii. main contents of biochemistry coursei. the chemical constitutes, molecule structure and function of organismii. the mat

5、erial metabolism and its regulationiii. the reserve, deliver and expression of genetic informationiii. biochemistry and medical sciencerequesti. grasp the concept of biochemistryii. acquaint with the main contents of biochemistryiii. know the relation between the biochemistry and medical sciencechap

6、ter 2structure and function of proteincontent of coursei. importance of protein in life processii. molecule constitute of proteini. chemical element of the proteinii. basic structure unit of proteinamino acidsiii. peptide iv. protein classificationiii. molecular structure of proteini. primary struct

7、ure ii. secondary structureiii. tertiary structure iv. quaternary structure iv. relationship between the structure and function of proteini. relationship of primary structure and function of proteinii. relationship of spatial structure and function of proteinv. physics and chemistry property, separa

8、tion and purification of proteini. physics and chemistry propertyii. separation and purificationiii. amino acids sequence analysis of polypeptide chainiv. spatial structure measurement of protein requesti. know the characteristics of chemical element of protein, grasp the basic structure of amino ac

9、ids and acquaint with the classification and the physics and chemistry property of amino acids.ii. grasp the basic concept of the peptide bond and peptide chain and the primary structure characteristics of insulin. know a few important bioactive peptide.iii. know the principles of protein classifica

10、tion.iv. grasp the familiar type of secondary structure: alpha-helix, beta-pleated sheet, beta-turn and random coil. acquaint with the concept of the peptide unit, motif, and chaperon.v. grasp the concept of tertiary structure and domain. analyze the tertiary structure characteristics of ribonucleas

11、e. vi. grasp the concept of quaternary structure and analyze the quaternary structure characteristics of hemoglobin ( hb).vii. grasp the relationship between primary structure and function of protein .acquaint with the concept of "molecular disease".viii. grasp the relationship between spa

12、tial structure and function of protein and acquaint with relationship between the conformation variety and the function of binding to oxygen of hemoglobin.ix. grasp the ampholyte property, high molecular weight and denaturation of protein. acquaint with precipitation and of protein ultraviolet absor

13、ption.x. grasp the electrophoresis and gel filtration of protein. know the salt precipitation, isoelectric point, ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation.xi. know the principles of primary structure measurement of protein.xii. know the principle and meaning of the spatial structure estimation of pro

14、tein.chapter 3 structure and function of nucleic acidcontent of coursei. chemical constitute of nucleic acid i. base component of nucleotide ii. pentose and nucleoside iii. structure and naming of nucleotide ii. primary structure of nucleic acidiii. spatial structure and function of deoxyribonucleic

15、 acid(dna) i. secondary structure of dnadouble helix structure modelii. superhelix of dnaiii. function of dnaiv. spatial structure and function of ribonucleic acid(rna)i. messenger ribonucleic acid (mrna) ii. transfer ribonucleic acid (trna)iii. ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rrna)iv. other small ribon

16、ucleic acid and rnomicsv. ribozyme v. physics and chemistry property of nucleic acid and its application i. general physics and chemistry propertyii. dna denaturation iii. dna renaturation (annealing) and hybridizationvi. nuclease requesti. grasp the structure, symbol and property of familiar nucleo

17、tides. grasp the molecular constitute of dna and rna. grasp the connection pattern and the bond directivity of nucleotide. grasp the primary structure of nucleic acid and its representational method.ii. grasp the secondary structure of dna and trnadouble helix structure model and cloverleaf pattern.

18、iii. grasp the denaturation, renaturation, unwinding curve and melting temperature of dna.iv. know the following concepts: annealing, hybridization, ribozyme and nuclease.chapter 4 enzymecontent of coursei. molecular structure and function of enzyme i. molecular constitute: simple enzyme, conjugated

19、 enzyme, coenzyme and cofactor ii. active center of enzyme ii. characteristics and mechanism of enzyme-catalyzed reaction i. characteristics: high efficiency, high specificity and adjustability.iii. mechanism iii. kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactioni. effects of substrate concentration ii. effects

20、 of enzyme concentrationiii. effects of temperatureiv. effects of ph valuev. effects of inhibitorvi. effects of activatorvii. activity measurement and active unit of enzymeiv. regulation of enzyme i. activation of enzyme and zymogen. allosteric enzyme. covalent modification of enzymeii. regulation o

21、f enzyme quantity iii. isoenzymev. classification and naming of enzymevi. relationship between enzyme and medical sciencei. enzyme and disease occurrenceii. enzyme and disease diagnosisiii. enzyme and disease therapyiv. otherrequesti. grasp the opinions that enzyme is essentially a protein, so gener

22、ally all not heat-proof, and the factors leading to protein denaturation all have influence to the activity of enzyme easily.ii. acquaint with molecular constitute of enzyme and grasp enzyme activity center.iii. acquaint with the characteristics of enzyme-catalyzed reaction and know the mechanism of

23、 enzyme-catalyzed reaction.v. grasp the effects of substrate concentration on enzyme-catalyzed reaction: michaelis equation, measurement and meaning of michaelis constant(km) and maximum velocity(vmax).grasp the effects of inhibitor on enzyme-catalyzed reaction: kinetics characteristics and physiolo

24、gical significance acquaint with the measurement of enzyme activity, concept of enzyme activity unit and the effects of activator on enzyme-catalyzed reactionvi. grasp the physiological significance and mechanism of zymogen activation.grasp the concept and regulative function of allosteric enzymegra

25、sp the concept and physiological significance of synergistic effect and enzyme covalent modificationgrasp the concept, molecular characteristics and regulative significance of isoenzyme vii. know the classification and naming principles of enzymeviii. acquaint with application of enzyme in disease o

26、ccurrence, diagnosis and therapychapter 5 carbohydrate metabolismcontent of coursei. physiological function, digestion and absorption of carbohydrate ii. anaerobic decomposition of carbohydrate: reaction process, regulation of glysolysis and physiological significanceiii. aerobic oxidation of carboh

27、ydrate: reaction process, atp production, regulation of aerobic oxidation and pastuer effectiv. pentose phosphate pathway: reaction process, regulation and physiological significancev. synthesis and decomposition of glycogeni synthesis and decomposition of liver glycogenii regulation of liver glycog

28、en synthesis and decompositioniii synthesis and decomposition of muscle glycogen and glycogen storage diseasevi. gluconeogenesis: process, regulation, physiological significance and cori cyclevii. blood sugar and its regulationi. source and outlet of blood sugar ii. hormone regulating the concentrat

29、ion of blood sugar iii. abnormality of blood sugar levelrequesti. know the physiological function of carbohydrate and its digestion and absorption in bodyii. grasp the reaction process, rate-limiting enzyme, atp production, regulation and physiological significance of glycolysis pathway iii. grasp t

30、he basic reactions in the process of pyruvate oxidative decarboxylation and tricarboxylic acid cycle. grasp the rate-limiting enzyme, atp production, regulation and physiological significance of aerobic oxidation pathway. acquaint with pastuer effectiv. know the reaction process and regulation of pe

31、ntose phosphate pathway, and grasp the physiological significance of pentose phosphate pathwayv. acquaint with the basic reaction in the process of liver glycogen synthesis and decomposition. grasp the regulation of liver glycogen synthesis and decomposition. know the regulation of muscle glycogen s

32、ynthesis and decomposition. know glycogen storage diseasevi. grasp the concept of gluconeogenesis and acquaint with the basic reaction, regulation and physiological significance of gluconeogenesis pathway. acquaint with cori cycle and its physiological significance.vii. acquaint with the normal conc

33、entration of blood sugar and hormone regulating the concentration of blood sugar chapter 6 lipid metabolismcontent of coursei. digestion and absorption of lipids ii. triglyceride metabolismi. triglyceride anabolismii. triglyceride catabolismiii. fatty acids anabolismiv. main derivative of polyunsatu

34、rated fatty acidsprostaglandin, thromboxane a2 and leukotrienes iii. phospholipid metabolismi. phosphoglyceride metabolismii. sphingomyelin metabolismiv. cholesterol metabolismi. cholesterol synthesis ii. cholesterol transformation v. plasma lipoprotein metabolismi. blood lipidsii. classification, c

35、onstitute and structure of blood lipidsiii. apolipoprotein iv. plasma lipoprotein metabolismv. abnormality of plasma lipoprotein metabolismrequesti. know the concept of lipid ii. acquaint with digest and absorption of lipidiii. acquaint with triglyceride anabolism: synthesis site, raw material and b

36、asic process. grasp the concept of lipid mobilization and beta-oxidation of fatty acid. know the other oxidation way of fatty acid. iv. grasp the synthesis, utilization and physiological significance of ketone bodies. acquaint with regulation of ketone bodies synthesis.v. acquaint with the site and

37、raw material of palmitic acid synthesis. know the synthesis process of palmitic acid. know the elongation of carbon chain in fatty acid and the regulation of fatty acid synthesis.vi. acquaint with the main unsaturated fatty acids in human body and concept of essential fatty acid. know the main deriv

38、ative of polyunsaturated fatty acids.vii. acquaint with the classification, constitute, structure, synthesis and decomposition of phosphoglycerides. know the sphingomyelin metabolismviii. know the structure, distribution, physiological function, digest and absorption of cholesterol acquaint with the

39、 synthesis of cholesterol: site, raw material, process and regulation. acquaint with the transformation of cholesterol in vivo: change to bile acid, steroid hormone and 7-dehydrocholesterol.ix. grasp the concept of blood lipid and classification, constitute and physiological function of plasma lipop

40、rotein. acquaint with the structure of lipoprotein and important effect of apolipoprotein on lipoprotein metabolism.x. acquaint with the metabolism of all kinds of lipoprotein(including cm, vldl, ldl and hdl). know the abnormality of plasma lipoprotein metabolism.chapter 7 biological oxidationconten

41、t of coursei. the concept of biological oxidation ii. the oxidation system synthesizing atpi. respiratory chain ii. oxidative phosphorylationiii. the main factors influencing oxidative phosphorylationiv. atpv. the material transport pass the endometrium of mitochondria iii. other oxidation system i.

42、 aerobic dehydrognase and oxidaseii. the enzymes in peroxisomeiii. superoxide dismutaseiv. oxidase in microsomerequesti. grasp the concept of biological oxidation. acquaint with the constitute of respiratory chain and sequence of all component in respiratory chain.ii. grasp the concepts of oxidative

43、 phosphorylation and substrate-level phosphorylation. acquaint with the coupling site of oxidation and phosphorylation. know the chemiosmotic hypothesis, the structure of atp synthase and mechanism of atp synthesis.iii. acquaint with the following factors effecting oxidative phosphorylation: inhibit

44、or, regulation function of adp, thyroxine, and dna mutation of mitochondria.iv. know the types of high-energy compound, atp synthesis and utilization v. acquaint with nadh oxidation in cytoplasm: alpha-glycerophosphate shuttle and malate-asparate shuttle. know the founction of adenylic acid carrier

45、and transmembrane transportation of mitochondrial protein.vi. acquaint with the function of aerobic dehydrognase, oxidase and oxidase in peroxisome. grasp the reaction catalyzed by monooxygenase. know the function of superoxide dismutasechapter 8 amino acid metabolismcontent of course.nutrition func

46、tion of proteinthe importencement of protein nutritionthe need amount and nutrition value of tein digest and absorb and decay. the general metabolism of amino acids amino acid metabolism overview amino acid deamination-ketoacid metabolism.ammonia metabolismammonia source in the bodyammoni

47、a transportationurea produceindividual amino acid metabolismamino acid decarboxylation one carbon unit metabolismamino acid with sulfur metabolismphenyl amino acid metabolismside-chain amino acid metabolism request1 to know the importance of protein nutrition,need amount and nutrition value.2 to kno

48、w the works of all kinds of proteinase, amino acid absorb and its vectors, -glutamyl cycle, putrefaction3 to master the general situation of amino acid metabolism in the body, amino acid deaminationtransaminase and transamination, the mechanism of transamination, combine deamination （the function of

49、 l-glutamate dehydrogenase, purine nucleotide cycle）.4 to know well -ketoacid metabolism：produce non-essential amino acid through amination, transform into saccharides and lipids, oxidation and providing energy.5 to master ammonia metabolism: the source and outlet, ammonia tranferration, the major o

50、rgan of urea synthesis and its main steps(urea cycle or prnithine cycle), regulation of urea synthsis; hyperammonemia and ammonia toxicosis.6 to understand amino acid decarboxylation: the produce and physiology function of -aminobutyric acid, taurine,histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine,polyamines.7 to kn

51、ow one carbon unit and to have a basic understanding of the relationship between tetrahydrofolic acid and amino acid metabolism, one carbon unit interchange and physiology function.8 to know well metabolism of amino acid with sulfur: methionine metabolism-transfermethyl, methionine cycle, creatine s

52、ynthesis, the metabolism and interchange of cysteine with cystine, the metabolism of paps.9 aromatic amino acid metabolism: the metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine, the synthesis of catecholamine and melanin.10. to know side chain amino acid metabolism. chapter 9 nucleic acids metabolismcontent

53、 of course1. nucleic acids digest , absorb and nucleotide acid biology function.2. purine nucleoside acid metabolism2.1 purine nucleoside acid anabolism2.2 purine nucleoside acid catabolism3. pyrimidine nucleoside acid metabolism3.1 pyrimidine nucleoside acid anabolism 3.2 pyrimidine nucleoside acid

54、 catabolismrequest1. to understand nucleic acid digested and absorbed in food, to know several biology function of nucleic acid.2. to understand purine nucleoside acid having two synthesis pathway-de novo synthesis pathway and salvage pathway: material, main steps and character. to understand the ph

55、ysiology significance and regulation of purine nucleoside acid synthesis.3. to know purine nucleoside acid interchange and deoxyribonucleotide acid be created. to know all anti-catabolite of purine nucleoside acid and understand their antitumor biochemical mechanism.4. to understand the basic proces

56、s of purine nucleoside acid anabolism. to know uricacid as the final production of anabolism and have an unstanding of relationship between gout and blood uric acid.5. to understand pyrimidine nucleoside acid having two synthesis pathway-de novo synthesis pathway and salvage pathway: material, main

57、steps and character. to understand the regulation of pyrimidine nucleoside acid synthesis.6. to know all anti-catabolite of pyrimidine nucleoside acid and understand their antitumor biochemical mechanism.7. to know the final production of pyrimidine nucleoside acid anabolism. to understand the basic process of pyrimidine nucleoside acid anabolism.chapter 10the relation and regulation of matter metabolismcontent of course character of matter metabolism1. interrelation of matter metabolism1.1 interrelation of energy metabolism1.2 the int