高一英语人教版不定式分词动名词知识精讲

1、用心 爱心 专心高一英语人教版高一英语人教版不定式、分词、动名词不定式、分词、动名词【同步教育信息同步教育信息】一. 本周教学内容：不定式、分词、动名词1. 动名词与不定式的区别动名词起名词作用，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、主语补足语、宾语补足语。不定式起名词、形容词、副词作用，在句子中除了动名词所起的作用外，还可以作状语。但两者之间也有差别：（1）不定式的逻辑主语必须与主语一致，而动名词的逻辑主语范围较大，它可以指主语，也可以是泛指。如：i hate to work on weekends . 我讨厌周末干活。（指自己干活）。i hate working on weekends .

2、 我讨厌周末干活。（可以指自己，也可以泛指）（2）动名词多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常的行为，不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如：reading in bed is a pleasure .i like swimming but i dont like to swim in the pool today .我喜欢游泳，但是今天我不喜欢在游泳池里游泳。talking for hours at a stretch is more exhausting than you seem to think .一连讲几个小时的话会比你想像的似乎要累。（泛指讲话）to talk for

3、 hours at a stretch is more exhausting than you seem to think .一连讲几个小时的话可比你想像的似乎要累。（指个人的感受）（3）在某些动词之后只能用动名词，而另一些动词之后只能用不定式。后接动名词的动词有：admit，avoid，consider，defer，delay，deny，dislike，enjoy，escape，fancy，finish，imagine，include，keep，mind，miss，postpone，practise，recall，recollect，resent，resist，risk，stop，sugge

4、st 等；短语动词有 have done，give up 等。后接不定式的动词有：afford，agree，aim，ask，claim，choose，decide，decline，demand，desine，determine，expect，fail，hope，manage，offer，plan，pretend，promise，refuse，resolve，threaten，wish 等。（4）有不少动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式。常见的有begin，continue，dread，fear，forget，hate，help，intend，learn，like，love，need，neglect

5、，proceed，propose，regret，remember，start，try，want 等。上述动词后接的动名词与不定式在意义上往往没有什么区别。但有时二者的意义却有不同。 remember 和 forget 后接不定式时，表示没有发生的动作，而接动名词时，表示已经发生过的动作。如：did you remember to lock the door ? 你记住锁门了吗？i remember seeing her before . 我记得以前见过她。i forgot to buy the book . 我忘买书了。shall you ever forget hearing her sin

6、g ? 你会忘记听她唱歌吗？ stop 接动名词，表示“停止正在做的事”；stop 后接不定式表示“停下来去做某用心 爱心 专心事”，该不定式不是宾语，而是目的状语。如：youd better stop smoking . 你最好不要吸烟了。at the newsagents she stopped to buy a magazine .在报摊那儿她停下来买了一本杂志。 try 接不定式，表示“努力做某事”；try 接动名词，表示“尝试做某事”。如：try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door . 前门如

7、没有人应答，就敲后门试试看。try to get some sleep . 试图去睡一会儿。 regret 后接不定式时，指将来或现在的动作；regret 后接动名词时，指过去或现在的动作；regret 后接动名词的完成式时，指过去的动作。如：i regret missing the film . 我懊悔没有看上那部电影。i regret to say that i cannot come . 我很抱歉，不能来了。 help 后接动名词意谓“避免”，help 后接不定式意为“帮助”。如：i cant help laughing . 我不禁笑起来。i cant help to clean the

8、 place up . 我不能帮助打扫这地方。 mean 后接动名词意为“意味着”，mean 后接不定式意为“打算”。如：doing morning exercises means getting up early . 做早操意味着要早起。i meant to help you . 我意在帮你。（5）有些动名词主动式可表被动意义，而不定式则须用其被动式表被动意义。如：它需要修理。it needs repairing . it needs to be repaired .（6）有些动词有书面语中后多接动名词，在口语中后多接不定式。如：开始下雨了。it started raining . it s

9、tarted to rain .我害怕冒犯她。i fear offending her . i fear to offend her .（7）在 should（would）like , love 等之后须用不定式。如：id like to thank you again . 我愿再次感谢你。id love to come sometime . 日后我愿意来的。2. 现在分词与过去分词的区别分词有现在分词和过去分词。它们在语态和时间方面有较大差别：（1）在语态上现在分词表示主动的意思（表示它所修饰的人或物的行为）；过去分词则表示被动的意思（表示它修饰的人或物是动作的承受者）。如：an excit

10、ing story 令人激动的故事excited people 激动的人们surprising news 令人惊讶的消息a surprised man 受惊的人an inspiring leader 具有号召力的领袖the inspired soldiers 受到鼓舞的士兵a delighting speech 令人高兴的演说the delighted audience 受感动的观念（2）在时间上现在分词一般表示正在进行的动作；过去分词则往往表示已经完成的动作。如：boiling water 沸腾的水boiled water 开水falling snow 正在下的雪fallen snow 落在

11、地上的雪用心 爱心 专心（3）过去分词可以作定语，表示被动，表示已经完成的动作；现在分词的被动式也可以作定语，表示被动，但表示正在进行的动作。如：the bridge being built will be important in this areas traffic .正在建造的这座桥在该地区的交通中将起重要作用。the bridge built last year has played an important part in this areas traffic . 去年建造的这座桥在该地区的交通中起了重要作用。（4）过去分词可以作宾语补足语，表示被动，有时表示已经完成的动作，有时并不

12、表示已经完成；现在分词的被动式也可以作宾语补足语，表示被动，表示正在进行的动作。如：he found his wallet stolen . 他发现钱包被偷走了。ill have my bike repaired this afternoon . we found the flat being decorated . 我们发现公寓房正在装修。3. 现在分词和动名词的区别（1）动名词作定语时要放在被修饰词之前，动名词通常表示目的或用途。现在分词作定语时，单个的分词放在被修饰之前，分词短语要放在被修饰词之后。现在分词作定语时与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：分词 动名词a waiting ca

13、rwaiting room（= the car that is waiting）（= the room for waiting）working people 劳动人民working method 工作方法a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子sleeping car 卧车（2）动名词作表语时，相当于名词。由于名词作表语时可以和主语互换位置，意思和语法上都保持正确，故可用这种方法检验。另外，动名词作表语时可带宾语、状语。现在分词作表语时起形容词作用，不可与主语互换位置，也不可带宾语。如：his job is raising pigs .（动名词）her favorite sport is

14、swimming .（动名词）her job is interesting .（现在分词）4. 现在分词和不定式的区别现在分词起形容词和副词的作用，在句子中可以起除主语、宾语外的所有其他句子成份的作用。不定式可以起名词、形容词、副词作用，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、补足语、定语、状语等。（1）现在分词作表语时，相当于一个形容词，不可与主语互换位置，也不可带宾语。不定式作表语时，相当于一个名词，名词作表语时可以和主语互换位置，意思上和语法上都保持正确。如：her proposal was misleading . 她的建议有些误导。her proposal was to go there a

15、t once . 她的建议是马上到那儿去。（2）现在分词和不定式都可以用在感官动词后作宾语补足语。通常现在分词表示重复性的动作，表示动作正在进行，还没有结束。不定式表示某一次的动作，表示动作的全过程。如：i saw him waiting at the bus-stop .i saw him enter the building just now .用在这种结构里时，现在分词常用延续性动词，如reading，studying，standing，waiting，watching，sitting 等。不定式常用非延续性用心 爱心 专心动词，如 come，go，enter，arrive，climb

16、等。（3）现在分词和不定式都可以作定语。单个现在分词放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语放在被修饰词之后。不定式要放在被修饰词后。如：his amusing story made us laugh . 他的逗人的故事使我们大笑。i have a letter to write . 我要写一封信。另外，从时间上讲，现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作；不定式作定语表示将来的动作。如：the building being built is a hospital .the building to be built is a library . 将要建造的大楼是图书馆。（4）现在分词和不定式都可以作状语。现在分

17、词可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式和伴随状态，但不能用在表语形容词后作状语；不定式常用来表示目的、结果和原因，还可用在表语形容词后。【模拟试题模拟试题】1. they knew her very well . they had seen her up from childhood . a. grow b. grew c. was growing d. to grow2. the chair looks rather hard , but in fact , it is very comfortable to . a. sit b. sit on c. be sat d. be sat on

18、3. she didnt remember him before . a. having met b. have met c. to meet d. to having met4. mother us stories when we were young .a. was used to tell b. is used to tellingc. used to telld. used to telling5. go on the other exercise after you have finished this one . a. to do b. doing c. with d. to be

19、 doing6. what do you think of the book ? oh , excellent . its worth a second time . a. to read b. to be read c. reading d. being read7. do you know the boy under the big tree ? a. lay b. lain c. laying d. lying8. there was a terrible noise the sudden burst of light . a. followed b. following c. to b

20、e followed d. being followed9. good morning . can i help you ? id like to have this package , madam . a. be weighed b. to be weighed c. to weigh d. weighed 10. she pretended me when i passed by . a. not to see b. not seeing c. to not see d. having not seen11. more attention , the tree could have gro

21、wn better . a. given b. to give c. giving d. having given12. most of the artists to the party were from south africa . a. invited b. to invite c. being invited d. had been invited13. tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job . a. so not as to b. so as not to c. so as to not d. not so as to14. s

22、he searched the top of the hill and stopped on a big rock by the 用心 爱心 专心side of the path . a. to have rested b. resting c. to rest d. rest15. last summer i took a course on .a. how to make dressb. how dress be madec. how to be made dressd. how dress to be made16. the secretary worked late into the

23、night , a long speech for the president . a. to prepare b. preparing c. prepared d. was preparing17. shes upstairs letters . a. writes b. is writing c. write d. writing18. the speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself . a. hear b. to hear c. hearing d. heard 19. the murderer was brough

24、t in , with his hands behind his back . a. being tied b. having tied c. to be tied d. tied20. on saturday afternoon , mr green went to the market , some bananas and visited his cousin . a. bought b. buying c. to buy d. buy21. jane was made the truck for a week as a punishment . a. to wash b. washing

25、 c. wash d. to be washing22. mr smith warned her daughter after drinking . a. never to drive b. to never drive c. never driving d. never drive23. the light in the office is still on . oh , i forgot . a. turning it off b. turn it off c. to turn it off d. having turned it off 24. i can hardly imagine

26、peter across the atlantic ocean in five days . a. sail b. to sail c. sailing d. to have sailed 25. shall we go skating or stay at home ? which do yourself ? a. do you rather b. would you rather c. will you rather d. should you rather 26. a reply , he decided to write again .a. not receiving b. recei

27、ving not c. not having received d. having not received27. the salesman scolded the girl caught and let her off . a. to have stolen b. to be stealing c. to steal d. stealing28. little jim should love to the theatre this evening . a. to be taken b. to take c. being taken d. taking29. i usually go ther

28、e by train . why not by boat for a change ? a. to try going b. trying to go c. to try and go d. try going30. i would appreciate back this afternoon . a. you to call b. you call c. your calling d. youre calling用心 爱心 专心31. is a good form of exercise for both young and old . a. the walk b. walking c. t

29、o walk d. walk32. “ cant you read ? ” mary said to the notice .a. angrily pointing b. and point angrily c. angrily pointed d. and angrily pointing33. the computer centre , last year , is very popular among the students in this school . a. open b. opening c. having opened d. opened34. charles babbage

30、 is generally considered the first computer . a. to invent b. inventing c. to have invented d. having invented35. how about the two of us a walk down the garden ? a. to take b. take c. taking d. to be taking36. down the radio-the babys asleep in the next room . a. turning b. to turn c. turned d. tur

31、n37. the visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks , that he had enjoyed his stay here . a. having added b. to add c. adding d. added38. the first text books forteaching english as a foreign language came out in the 16th century . a. having written b. to be written c. being written

32、 d. written39. she set out soon after dark home an hour later . a. arriving b. to arrive c. having arrived d. and arrived40. the missing boys were last seen near the river . a. playing b. to be playing c. play d. to play41. rather than on a crowded bus , he always prefers a bicycle . a. ride ; ride

33、b. riding ; ride c. ride ; to ride d. to ride ; riding42. i must apologize for ahead of time . thats all right .a. letting you not know b. not letting you knowc. letting you know not d. letting not you know43. paul doesnt have to be made . he always works hard . a. learn b. to learn c. learned d. le

34、arning44. we agreed here but so far she hasnt turned up yet . a. having met b. meeting c. to meet d. to have met45. you were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting . well , now i regret that . a. to do b. to be doing c. to have done d. having done46. the boy wanted to ride his bicycle in th

35、e street , but his mother told him . a. not to b. not to do c. not do it d. do not to 47. in thought , he almost ran into the car in front of him . a. losing b. having lost c. lost d. to lose 48. the patient was warned only food after the operation .用心 爱心 专心 a. to eat not b. eating not c. not to eat d. not eating49. i would love to the party last night but i had to work extra hours to finish a report . a. to go b. to have gone c. going d. having gone50. the olympic games , in 776 b.c , did not incl