现在完成进行时和现在完成时

1、 Grammar Present Perfect Continuous Tense And Present Perfect Tense The Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时现在完成时: 基本用法基本用法 现在完成时表结果现在完成时表结果, 他的动作发生在过去他的动作发生在过去, 但是对现在有影响但是对现在有影响, 而这种影响却往往是而这种影响却往往是说话人的兴趣所在。现在完成时跨越两个说话人的兴趣所在。现在完成时跨越两个时间时间, 一个是过去一个是过去, 另一个是现在。另一个是现在。e.g. 我从我从2007年起就学英语。年起就学英语。 I have studied

2、English since 2007. 我我 学英语已七年了。学英语已七年了。 I have studied English for seven years. 1. The teacher in the black jacket has left . 2. We have studied English . 3. Kung Weizheng has already finished the homework . 4. He has had his lunch . 5.I have seen the film of Titanic twice . 6.Most students have mad

3、e great progress in reading . 7.Mr Feng has just returned from Britain .Extension 11.We (study) English for about four years.2.We (live) in Houji Middle School since three months ago.3.The old man _（已经死了）（已经死了）for two years .5.Justin has been missing for two weeks.6. I havent seen Guo Yi these days.

4、Extension 2have studiedhave livedhas been deadPut the following sentences into English.1. A: 火车已经开走了火车已经开走了. B: 什么时候开走的什么时候开走的? A: 半个小时之前开走的半个小时之前开走的.2. A: 这本书我已经买了两年了这本书我已经买了两年了. B: 你在哪儿买的你在哪儿买的? A: 在我老家买的在我老家买的.3. A: 你看过这部电影吗你看过这部电影吗? B: 看过看过. A: 什么时候看的什么时候看的. B: 上周星期天看的上周星期天看的.A: The train has le

5、ft.B: When did it leave.A: It left half an hour ago.A: have you seen the film?B: Yes, I have.A: When did you see it?B: I saw it last Sunday.A: Ive had the book for 2years.B: Where did you buy it?A: I bought it in my hometown. 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时含义：1.动作自过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，并且可能还将持续下去； 2.动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时刻，可能刚

6、刚结束。 进行时进行时 I am reading the book. 完成时完成时 I have read the book. 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 I have been reading the book.现在正在读现在正在读已经读过已经读过过去到截至过去到截至说话为止，说话为止，一直在读一直在读1. 结构结构(“三合一三合一”结构结构)：1)肯定句肯定句: have/has been+V-ing （从过去到现在）一直在做某事（从过去到现在）一直在做某事我在这坐了一个下午了。我在这坐了一个下午了。 他弟弟十岁起就一直收集各种各样的邮票。他弟弟十岁起就一直收集各种各样的邮票。 I ha

7、ve been sitting here for the afternoon.His brother has been collecting stamps since he was 10.2)否定句否定句:have/has not been+V-ing 没有一直在做某事没有一直在做某事我一个星期没有给花浇水了。我一个星期没有给花浇水了。 这些年，他都没有一直在这教书。这些年，他都没有一直在这教书。I havent been watering the flowers for a week.He hasnt been teaching here these years.3)疑问句：疑问句： Hav

8、e/Has+主语主语+been+V-ing ?你一直在写一本小说吗？你一直在写一本小说吗？他一直给你写信吗？他一直给你写信吗？Have you been writing a novel?Has he been writing letters to you?wehave classes for 7 daysWe have been having classes for 7 days.hecry three hoursHe has been crying for three hours.The womantake a restall dayThe The womanwoman hasnt been

9、 taking a resthasnt been taking a rest all day.all day.itrainthese few daysIt It has been raininghas been raining these few days. these few days. Im tired because Ive been running. 我很累因为我一直跑到现在。我很累因为我一直跑到现在。（强调动作一直进行并持续到现在）（强调动作一直进行并持续到现在）对比：对比：Im tired because Ive run.我累了因为我跑了。（强调动作已完成）我累了因为我跑了。（强调

10、动作已完成）2. 用法：用法： 1) 现在完成进行时可以表示现在完成进行时可以表示一个从过去某时一个从过去某时开始开始一直在进行并持续一直在进行并持续到现在的动作。到现在的动作。这个这个动作动作刚刚结束，对现在有影响。刚刚结束，对现在有影响。 I have been reading for 2 hours. I am still reading now. I have been reading for 2 hours.pastpresentfuture2.）现在完成进行时可以表示现在完成进行时可以表示一个从过去某一个从过去某时开始时开始一直持续一直持续到现在的动作到现在的动作。这个动作。这个动

11、作现在仍在继续中。现在仍在继续中。4） 表示从过去到现在反复发生的动作表示从过去到现在反复发生的动作You have been saying that for five years. (这话你已经说了有五年了。）这话你已经说了有五年了。）3）和进行时一样，现在完成进行时也往往带有）和进行时一样，现在完成进行时也往往带有感情色彩（如赞扬、厌恶等）。感情色彩（如赞扬、厌恶等）。 What have you been doing all the time? (这半天你在干什么？）这半天你在干什么？） 3. 时间状语时间状语 1）现在完成进行时通常）现在完成进行时通常 和和“for”或或“since”

12、所引导的时间状语连用。所引导的时间状语连用。I have been waiting for a letter from my parents for two days. 雨已经下了三个小时雨已经下了三个小时We have been studying here since 2004. 我这两天来一直在等我父母的回信我这两天来一直在等我父母的回信It has been raining for three hours. 我们自从我们自从2004年开始一直在这里读书。年开始一直在这里读书。 2）现在完成进行时还可以于）现在完成进行时还可以于these few days, this week, all

13、the time， all night, all the morning, all ones life, during the night, recently等连用：等连用： Ive been writing letters all this morning. (我写了一上午的信。）我写了一上午的信。） I have been doing this all my life. (这个我做了一辈子啦。）这个我做了一辈子啦。） Recently he has been doing his work quite regularly. (近来他都按时做作业。）近来他都按时做作业。）1. Im sure

14、Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing2. I have got a headache. No wonder. You_ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. workedDChas been

15、preparinghave been working3. Hi, Tracy，you look pale. I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted4. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school，but she hasnt decided yet.A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D

16、. is going to considerCBhave been paintinghas been considering 5. There is so much snow these days, isnt there? Yes, it _ for a few days. A. was snowing B. has been snowing C. had been snowing D. snowed6. Although these scientists _ on the project for nearly four years, I dont know how long it will

17、last. A. have been working B. had worked C. were working D. are working7. The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he _ in the mud all morning. A. has played B. is playing C. has been playing D. was playing 1. Judy: How long _(be) in Canada?Claude: I _(study) here for more than three years.

18、2. I_ (have) the same car for more than ten years. Im thinking about buying a new one.3. I _(love) chocolate since I was a child. You might even call me a chocoholic.have you beenhave been studyinghave hadhave loved4. John _(work) for the government since he graduated from Harvard University. Until

19、recently, he _(enjoy) his work, but now he is talking about retiring.5. Lately, I _(think) about changing my career because I _(become) dissatisfied with the conditions at my company.6. I _(see) Judy for more than five years and during that time I_ (see) many changes in her personality. has been wor

20、kinghas enjoyedhave been thinkinghave becomehave been seeinghave seen1.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时和和现在进行时现在进行时比较比较：现在进行时现在进行时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时动作动作目前正在发生目前正在发生动作在迄今为止的一段时动作在迄今为止的一段时间内曾经间内曾经延续进行和目前延续进行和目前还在进行还在进行强调动作正在进行强调动作正在进行强调动作强调动作持续进行持续进行2.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时和和现在完成时现在完成时比较比较：现在完成时现在完成时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时动作已动作已完成完成动作在迄今为止

21、的一段时动作在迄今为止的一段时间内曾经间内曾经延续进行和目前延续进行和目前还在进行还在进行强调动作的强调动作的结果或影响结果或影响强调动作强调动作持续进行持续进行1. 未完结性未完结性现在完成时现在完成时强调动作的最后的结果，表示动作强调动作的最后的结果，表示动作已已经结束、完成经结束、完成；现在完成进行时现在完成进行时强调动作本身，表示动作强调动作本身，表示动作还没有还没有结束、完成结束、完成 (有延续性）有延续性）。 I have read this novel. (已读完）已读完） I have been reading this novel. (还在读）还在读） They have w

22、idened the road. (路加宽路加宽了了) They have been widening the road. (路路还在还在加宽加宽) 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别 2. 刚完结性的结果刚完结性的结果 现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果（影响），动作对现在产生的结果（影响），但现在完成进行时所表示的结果但现在完成进行时所表示的结果 是刚刚完是刚刚完成的动作成的动作的结果的结果 consequence ；（；（是是临时临时的的/直接的直接的) 而现在完成时所表示的则是而现在完成时所表示的则是最

23、后的结果最后的结果/长长久的影响久的影响(result)。 （动作可能刚结束，也可能（动作可能刚结束，也可能早已结束早已结束） We have been cleaning the classroom. （a） We have cleaned the classroom（b）（a）“我们打扫教室来着。我们打扫教室来着。”表示教室刚刚打扫过，其表示教室刚刚打扫过，其目前直接的结果可能是：我们身上都是灰目前直接的结果可能是：我们身上都是灰; 或是我们很或是我们很累。累。（ b）“我们把教室打扫过了。我们把教室打扫过了。” 教室可能是昨天打扫教室可能是昨天打扫的，其结果是：现在教室很清洁，可以用了。的

24、，其结果是：现在教室很清洁，可以用了。 Your eyes are red and puffy. Have you been crying? 你的眼睛又红又肿，你是不是哭来着？你的眼睛又红又肿，你是不是哭来着？ （“哭哭”的动作刚刚结束，它是眼睛又红又肿的原因。的动作刚刚结束，它是眼睛又红又肿的原因。） Be careful! John has been painting the door.（a）John has painted the door（b）（a）句表示约翰）句表示约翰刚刚刚刚把门油漆过，现在油漆还未把门油漆过，现在油漆还未干，所以你要小心。干，所以你要小心。（b） 句油漆可能已干了

25、。句油漆可能已干了。 门看来很新门看来很新. 3. 感情色彩感情色彩Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly.（a）Recently Mary has done her work regularly（b）（a）句显然是在表扬玛丽。）句显然是在表扬玛丽。（b）只说明一个事实。）只说明一个事实。 Whos been eating my apples?（a） Whos eaten my apples?（b）（a）句有强烈的感情色彩，表示愤怒不满）句有强烈的感情色彩，表示愤怒不满;兼有进行时态，所以有兼有进行时态，所以有“苹果未被全部吃苹果未被全部

26、吃光光”的意思，的意思，（b）句只是希望回答的一个问题。）句只是希望回答的一个问题。 完成时态，说明完成时态，说明“苹果一个不剩了苹果一个不剩了”。 4. 重复性重复性现在完成进行时现在完成进行时往往表示动作在往往表示动作在重复重复。现在完成时则常常不带重复性。现在完成时则常常不带重复性。 Have you been meeting her lately？ (你近来你近来常常见到她吗？见到她吗？) Have you met her lately？ (你近来见到你近来见到过过她吗？她吗？) 5.习惯性，口语化习惯性，口语化 现代英语中，特别是口语，有一种倾向，就是对于像sit, lie, wai

27、t, stay, look等这样的动词，用现在完成进行时比用现在完成时更合乎习惯。例如： I have been sitting all afternoon. I have been waiting for you since morning. I have been staying in a hotel so far.比较：比较： I have been singing all afternoon. (口语倾向于用）口语倾向于用） I have sung all afternoon.6. 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时一般不适用于状态动词一般不适用于状态动词（如（如know，以及，以及have

28、, find, understand, be 等等。 只能用现在完成时：只能用现在完成时： 自从孩提我们就认识了。 Weve known each other since childhood.7. 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时一般不用被动语态，应改用一般不用被动语态，应改用现现在完成时的被动语态：在完成时的被动语态： The road has been being repaired for months. 太笨重，应改为： The road has been repaired for months.8. 非延续性动词非延续性动词(Non-Continuous Verbs )，如，如 finis

29、h, join，die 等，通常不能用于现在完成进等，通常不能用于现在完成进行时。行时。 注意事项：有些动词有些动词(如：如：work, study, live, teach等等)用现在完用现在完成进行时与现在完成时表达的意思差不多。试比成进行时与现在完成时表达的意思差不多。试比较：较： The teacher has been teaching at this school for ten years. 十年来，那位老师一直在这所学校教书。十年来，那位老师一直在这所学校教书。 The teacher has taught at this school for ten years. 那位老师在

30、这所学校已经教了十年书了。那位老师在这所学校已经教了十年书了。（2）一些表示静态的动词往往只能用在现在）一些表示静态的动词往往只能用在现在完成进行时。这样的静态动词主要有完成进行时。这样的静态动词主要有lie, stand, sit, wait, rain等。等。 She has been lying in bed for a week. (她已经卧床一周了。）她已经卧床一周了。） I have been waiting for you for two week. (我已经等你两个小时了。）我已经等你两个小时了。） Summary - Use （用途）（用途） 1) 现在完成进行时可以表示现在

31、完成进行时可以表示一个从过去某时开始一个从过去某时开始一直持续一直持续到现在的动作到现在的动作。这个动作。这个动作对现在有影响对现在有影响. . Im tired because Ive been running.2) 现在完成进行时可以表示现在完成进行时可以表示一个从过去某时开始一个从过去某时开始一直持续一直持续到现在的动作到现在的动作。这个动作。这个动作现在仍在继续现在仍在继续中。中。 I have been reading for 2 hours. I am still reading now. 3.现在完成进行时可以和现在完成进行时可以和since, for+一段时间一段时间, these few days, all this time(这段时间这段时间 ), all along(始终始终,一直一直), all the time（一直）（一直）, all night, al