【备战2014】2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练(19)及解析.

1、2014 高考英语阅读理解精品训练（19 及解析C52013 江西卷DOne might expect that the ever-grow ing dema nds of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good forthe coun tries that receive the holiday -makers. In deed, a rosy picture is pain ted for the long -term future ofthe holiday in dustry. Every month sees the build

2、ing of a new hotel somewhere. And every month anotherrock -bound Pacific island is advertised as the last p 天 r 堂 dioe(earth However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very thi ngs tourists want to enjoy. In those coun tries where there was a rush to make quick money out of

3、sea-side holidays, over-crowdedbeaches and the con crete jun gles of en dless hotels have begu n to lose their appeal.Those coun tries with little experie nee of tourism can suffer most. I n rece nt years, Nepal set out toattract foreig n visitors to fund developme nts in health and educatio n. Its

4、forests, full of wildlife and rareflowers, were offered to tourists as one more un touched paradise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt theeffects of thousands of holiday -makers traveli ng through the forest land. An cie nt tracks became majorroutes for the walkers, with the con seque nt exploit

5、ati on of precious trees and pla nts.Not only can the en vir onment of a country suffer from the sudde n growth of tourism. The people aswell rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. Theone-time farmer is now the servant of some multin at

6、i onal orga ni zati on; he is no Ion ger his own master.Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he won ders whetherhe was nt happier in his village working his own land.Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towar

7、ds those coun tries thatreceive its customers. The protecti on of wildlife and the creati on ofnational parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from touristcompa ni es. At the same time, tourists are being en couraged to respect not only the coun tryside t

8、hey visitbut also its people.The way tourism is han dled in the n ext ten years will decide its fate and that of the coun tries we allwant to visit. Their n eeds and problems are more importa nt tha n those of the tourist compa ni es. Increased un dersta nding in pla nning world-wide tourism can pre

9、serve the market for these compa ni es. Ifno t, in a few years time the very thi ngs that attract tourists now may well have bee n destroyed.71. What does the author in dicate in the last sentence of Paragraph 1?A. The Pacific island is a paradise.B. The Pacific island is worth visiting.C. The adver

10、tiseme nt is not convincing.D. The advertiseme nt is not impressive.72. The example of Nepal is used to suggest_.A. its n atural resources are un touchedB. its forests are exploited for farmla ndC. it develops well in health and educati onD. it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists73. What can we

11、lear n about the farmers from Paragraph 4?A. They are happy to work their own Ian ds.B. They have to please the tourists for a livi ng.C. They have to struggle for their in depe ndence.D. They are proud of working in multi-national organizations.74. Which of the followi ng determ ines the future of

12、tourism?A. The nu mber of tourists.B. The improveme nt of services.C. The promoti on of new products.D. The man ageme nt of tourism.75. The authors attitude towards the development of the tourist industry isA. optimistic B. doubtfulC. objective D. n egative【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了旅游业的发展对当地以及环境等方面的影响。71. C 考查推

13、理判断。由“ Every month sees the buildi ng of a new hotelsomewhere. And every month ano ther rocks ound Pacific isla nd is advertised as the lastparadise 天堂 on earth 可知每个月广告上不 停地更换所谓的太平洋上某个岛是地球上最后的天堂”由此可推出广告是不可信的，故选 C 项。72. D 考查推理判断。由第三段第一、二句“ Those coun tries with little experie nee of tourism can suffe

14、rmost. In recent years, Nepal,可知尼泊尔的例子是用来说明其受到旅游的负面影响。73. B 考查推理判断。由第四段后几句 “ The onetime farmer is now the serva ntof some multi -n ati onal orga ni zati on; he is no Ion ger his own master. Once it was hisback that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonderswhether he

15、was nt happier in his village work ing his own land.曾经的农 民成为了某些 跨国组织的仆人，自己不再主宰自己的生活，强颜欢笑来取悦游客谋生。74. D 考查细节理解。 由最后一段第一句“ The way tourism is hadled in then ext ten years will decide itsfate ,可知旅游业的管理决定其未来。75. C 考查观点态度。综观全文可知，作者只是客观地介绍了旅游业发展的相关 问题。C52013 辽宁卷D“Indeed ,” George Washington wrote in his di

16、ary in 1785,“some kind of fly, or bihad beg un to eat the leaves before I le ft honne But the father of America was not the father of bug.Whe nWash ington wrote that, En glishme n had bee n referri ng to in sects as bugs for more tha n a cen tury, andAmerica ns had already created light ning -bu 萤火虫

17、.But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their Ianguage, leaving it to theAmerica ns to call a bug a bug in the nin etee nth and twen tieth cen turies.The America n bug could also be a pers on, referri ng to some one who was crazy about a particularactivity.Although fan became the usual

18、term, sports fans used to be called rac ing bugs, baseball bugs, andthe like. Or the bug could be a small mach ine orobject, for example, a bug-shaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which piece of equipment that people use for liste ning secretly to others conv ersatio ns.S ince th

19、e 1840s, to bug has long meant“to cheat ” , and since the 1940s it has been annoying.of Thomas Edis on.ln 1878 he expla ined bugs as“little problems and difficultiesthat required mon ths of study and labor to overcome in develop ing a successful product .In 1889 it wasrecorded that Edis on“ had bee

20、n up the two previous ni ghtsdiscoveri ng a bug? in his inven ted record player.”comes the expressi on to bug, that is,安装 tanaaoit ” .Now it mea ns a small68. We lear n from Paragraph 1 that_ .A . America ns had difficulty in lear ning to use the word bugB . George Washi ngton was the first pers on

21、to call an in sect a bugC . the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth centuryD . both En glishme n and America ns used the word bug in the eightee nth cen tury69. What does the word “ ” in the last paragraph probably mean?A . Expla natio n. B . Fi ndi ng.C . Origi n. D . Fau

22、lt.70. The passage is mainly concerned with_.A . the misun dersta nding of the word bugB . the developme nt of the word bugC . the public views of the word bugD . the special characteristics of the word bug【要点综述】本文是说明文，主要讲单词 bug 在意义上的发展变化。68. D 推理判断题。根据 在 1785 华盛顿在日记中使用 bug ”和 在 19 和 20 世纪，英国人停止 使用b

23、ug ”说明这两国人在 18 世纪都使用过 bug 这个词。69. D 词义猜测题。根据爱迪生把它解释为小问题或困难 ”可知,fault 和 flaw意思相近。70. B 主旨大意题。文章讲述了 bug 在意义上的发展。(2011 肥第二次质检,D You are busy filling out the application form for apositi on you really n eed; lets assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you compl

24、eted your degree. Is nt it tempt ing to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma文凭 represents a Harvard degree? Or that you fini shed an extra couple of years back at State Uni versity?More and more people are turni ng to an utter deception 欺骗 like this to land their first job or to

25、 moveahead in their careers. For pers onnel officers, like most America ns, value degress from famous schools. Ajob applica nt may have a good educati on any way, but he or she assumes that cha nces of being hired arebetter with a diploma from a well- known university. Registrars （学籍管理员 at most well

26、-known colleges saythat they deal with dishonest claims like these at the rate of about one per week.Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms. It turns out that whe n anapplica nt is lying, most colleges are un willi ng to accuse the applica nt directly. One Ivy League s

27、choolrefers to them as“ special cases ” . One well-known WCoast school, i n perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says these claims are made by“no such people ” .To avoid complete lies, some job seekers claim that they“ attended ” or “wereassociated with ” a college or university. After careful c

28、hecking, a personnel officer may discover that“ attending ” means being dismissed after one semester. It may be thatassociated with” a college means that the job seeker visited his younger brother for afootball weeke nd. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back

29、 at leastto the turn of the cen tu thats whe n they bega n keep ing records, anyhow.If you dont want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a fake diploma.One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your n ame on a diploma from anynu mber o

30、f non existe nt colleges. The price beg ins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from“ Smoot State University” . The pricesin crease rapidly for a degr ee from the“ Un iversity of Purdue ” .Statthere is no Smoot andthe real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem ra

31、ther high for one sheet ofpaper.因为人事部门的官员们更看重名校学历，因此人们常常为谋求一份好工作和职 位而造假。13. The writer mainly wants to tell us that_.A. college degrees can now be purchased easilyB. nowadays it is very hard for people to find jobsC. lyi ng about college degrees is beco ming a widespread problemD. employers are no I

32、on ger in terested in applica nts actual performa nces答案:C。主旨大意题。总览文章可知 C 项为本文主旨。14. As used in the first lne of the second paragraph, the word“ utter ” meansA. thorough B. carefulC. imcomplete D. spoke n答案:A。词义猜测题。由第二段第一句中的关键词deceptio n 欺骗及其后的解释学历造假”再结合文章主旨可推出 A 项正确。thorough 彻底的。15. Once finding ap

33、plica nts with false diplomas, most colleges would_ .A. keep the records of them B. drive them out of collegeC. avoid direct con flicts with them D. accuse them of such behaviors答案:C。推理判断题。 由第三段中的 “most colleges are un willi ng to accusethe 即 plica nt directly 和下面给出的例子可推断出C 项正确。16. We can lear n fro

34、m the passage that_ .A. US employers value their job applica nts with a degree from top uni versitiesB. Un iversity of Purdue and Purdue Un iversity are the same schoolC. people with fake diplomas can get their first jobs in US easilyD. people pay the same price for a fake diploma from different uni

35、versities答案:A。事实细节题。由第二段第二句 “For perso nnel officers, like mostAmerica ns, value degrees from famous schools.可知 A 项正确。由尾段可知 B、D 错误;C 项在文中没有信息支持。(2011 成都三诊,D Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, settingour brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar r

36、outine.“ Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting creatures ,” William Wordsworth said in19th century.In the ever-changing21st century, even the word“habit ” carries a negativemea ning.So it seems con tradictory to talk about habits in the same con text as inno vatic 创 新.But brainresearchers hav

37、e discovered that whe n we con sciously develop new habits , we create parallel paths, andeven entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto n ew, inno vative tracks.Rather tha n dismiss ing ourselves as un cha ngeable creatures of habit, we can in steaddirect our own cha nge by

38、 con sciously develop ing new habits. In fact, the more newthings we try, the more creative we become.But dont bother trying to kill off old habits ； once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brai n,theyre there to stay .In stead the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parall

39、el athwaysthat can bypass those old roads.“ The first thi ngn eeded for inno vati on is attractio n to won de, ” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind.“ But we are taught in stead to ,deci,ejust as our preside nt calls himself,the Decider?. ” She addsveiowthat “ to decide is to kill off all po

40、ssibilities but one. A good inno vati onalthin ker is always explori ng the many other possibilities.”“ Awork through problems in ways of which were unaware ” she says. Researchers in the late 1960sdiscovered that humans are born with the ability to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytic

41、ally,procedurally, collaboratively（合作地 and innovatively. At the end of adolesce nee however, the brain shutsdow n half of that ability, preserv ing only those ways of thought that have seemed most valuable duri ng thefirst decade or so of life. The curre nt emphasis on sta ndardized testi ng highlig

42、hts an alysis and procedure,meaning that few of us use our inno vative and collaborative ways of thought.“ Thisbreaks the major rule in the America n belief system- that anyone can do anything,”explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will.and Ms. Markovas bus in ess part ner.“ Thats a lie that we have preaerviicFosters com monn ess.Knowing what youre good at and doing even more of it creates excellenee.