2021版英语全能大一轮复习外研版话题语篇专攻练二十二必修4Module4GreatScientists

1、话题语篇专攻练 二十二必修 4 Module 4（限时 35 分钟）. 阅读理解AHarry is eighteen now. He studies in a high school. His parents like him very much and hope he can become a famous man. So they often tell him to study hard and they do all for him. They call him at six in the morning, after breakfast his father takes him to

2、school in a car and in the afternoon, as soon as the young man comes back, the supper is ready. Of course, he never washes his clothes or goes to buy something in the shops.Once Harry ' s father waesn ts to London on business. He would stay there for half a year. Leaving, he told his wife to tak

3、e good care of their son. The woman had to get up earlier and did all that her husband did before. And two months later she was so tired that she was ill in bed. Now the young man got into trouble. He couldn ' t do any housew. oHrke had to do as his mother told him. Even he didn 't know wher

4、e to get on the! busYesterday Harry ' s mother found his shoes were worn out and told him to buy a new pair in the shop. But he didn 'knt ow how to choose. The woman had a sigh and gave him a shoe pattern and told him to buy a pairof shoes himself.I t 's Saturday today and Harry doesn

5、9;. tW gioth t oa schoolpoliceman 's h, elphe found a shop. The shopkeeper was friendly to him. The man brought a lot of shoes and asked him to choose. When he was trying on a pair, suddenly he remembered something and took them off. The man was surprised and asked, “ What' s the ma,t teryou

6、ng man? ”“ I ' m s.o Ir'ry ve left the shoe pattern at hom! ”e【文章大意】 本文叙述了 Harry 的父母一心想让他成为名人 , 只让他读 书学习 , 任何家务都不用他去做 , 可是等到爸爸出差不在家 , 妈妈因为 照顾他而累病了 , 因为他的鞋破了让他去买鞋 , 他让警察帮忙找到商 店, 走到商店又不知怎么挑选 , 又把妈妈给他的鞋样忘在了家里。 从这 个故事里作者提醒家长要适当让孩子做些家务。1. Harry ' s parents do all instead of him beca_u_s_e_ _.

7、A. he' s too youngB. he has poor healthC. he' s busy with his studiesD. they hope he spends all time on studies【解析】选 D。细节理解题。根据 His parents like him very much and hope he can become a famous man. So they often tell him to study hard and they do all for him. 所以父母为他做好一切事情目的是让他一心读书 , 故选 D 项。2.

8、The woman had to look after her son by herself because .A. her husband wasnt at homeB. she was stronger than her husbandC. she knew the young man wellD. she was freer than her husband【解析】 选 A。细节理解题。根据 Harry ' s father was sent to London on business. 可知她的丈夫出差不在家 , 故选 A。3. When the man was in Lond

9、on, .A. Harry had to stay at homeB. Harry didn 't find the bus stopC. Harry fell behind in his classD. Harry wouldn 't go to school【解析】选 B。细节理解题。根据第二段 Even he didn' t know where to geton the bus! 可知 B 项正确。4. The woman told her son to buy a pair of shoes because .A. she didn ' t know

10、what kind he neededB. she was busy with the houseworkC. something was wrong with herD. she wanted her son to do something himself【解析】 选 C。细节理解题。根据 she was ill in bed. 因为她病了 , 所以 让儿子自己去买鞋 , 故选 C 项。【知识拓展】 词汇积累1. wear out 穿破2. sighv. &n. 叹息3. patternn. 花样, 样式Bhigh schoolHawking was perhaps the most

11、 famous scientist in the world when he died in 2018 at age 76. His 1988 book, A Brief History of Time, sold ten million copies and made him an unlikely superstar even to people who sweated through science.Humor was always a big part of Hawking 's effort to bring physics to the masses. In his 201

12、0 book, The Grand Design, for instance, he recounts how, in 1277, the Catholic Church declared scientific laws such as gravity to be wrong, since they seemed against God' si dea. “ Interesting,l y”t he text adds jokingly, “ PopeJ ohn was killed by the effects of the law of gravity a few months l

13、ater when the roof of his palace fell in on him. ”Hawking was only 21 when he was diagnosed with the disease ALS. For most people, the condition would have been a disaster. But Hawking rolled over hardship as if it were just a pebble under his wheelchair. “Life would be tragic, ”h e once said, “ifi

14、t weren 'fut nny. ”H e kept smiling even though he spent more than 50 years in a wheelchair.Hel oved adventure and fun, ”s ays Mlodinow , who once took Hawking on a punt-boat trip down the fiver Cam in Cambridge, England, despite the obvious danger of the boat turning over. “Youk now about when

15、he went on the Vomit Comet? It 's a plane that flies in a parabolic （抛物线的 ） path so you are weightless, like you are in space. A lot of people vomit, but he loved that sort of thing. ”A nd he was 65 at the time.Hawking 'gsr eatest hit, humor-wise, was probably the cocktail party he threw in

16、2009. It was a “ welcomer eception for future time travelers, ”h e said, so naturally, he sent out the invitations the day after the party. No one showed up yet. “ Maybe one day someone living in the future will find the information and use a wormhole time machine to come back to my party, proving t

17、hat time travel will one day be possible, ” Hawking explaine.d And if that happens, don't be surprised if Hawking is there too. After all, he never missed a chance to have fun. 【文章大意】本文属于说明文 , 介绍霍金不仅用幽默的方式让大家理解 物理学, 同时也是一个幽默乐观的人。5. What does the text mainly tell us about Hawking?A. He related ph

18、ysics to humor closely.B. He made great contributions to physics.C. He went through many funny experiences.D. He was optimistic about the future of science.【解析】选 A。主旨大意题。根据第二段 Humor was always a big part ofHawking 'esff ort to bring physics to the masses. 可知 , 本文主要介绍霍 金用幽默的方式让人们更好理解物理学。6. What c

19、an we learn about Pope John?A. He was not in favor of God.B. He was a scientist like Hawking.C. He was opposed to the law of gravity.D. He was killed due to the discovery of gravity.【解析】 选 C。细节理解题。根据第二段 In his 2010 book, The Grand Design, for instance, he recounts how, in 1277, the Catholic Church d

20、eclared scientific laws such as gravity to be wrong, since they seemed against God 's. id可e知a , 1277年, John教皇宣布科学理论比如万有引力 等是错的 , 因为不符合上帝的观点。7. What drove Hawking to go on the Vomit Comet?A. His fondness of adventure.B. The invitation from his friend.C. The requirements of his work.D. His desire

21、for recovery from ALS.【解析】 选 A。细节理解题。根据第四段 “ He loved adventure and fun 以及 “ You know about when he went on the Vomit Come?t It ' s a plane that flies in a parabolic path so you are weightless, like you are in space. A lot of people vomit, but he loved that sort of thing. ”可知 , 霍金乘坐 Vomit Comet

22、是因为热爱冒险和好玩。8. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The cocktail party was a great success.B. The possibility of time travel was not proved.C. Hawking was a man who enjoyed holding parties.D. The wormhole time machine was used at that time.【解析】选 B。推理判断题。根据最后一段 Maybe one day someone living

23、in the future will find the information and use a wormhole time machine to come back to my party, proving that time travel will one day be possible可知, 时空穿越现在还没有被证明 , 可能将来会成为现实的。 . 阅读填句根据短文内容 , 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项为多余选项。Scientists Create Speech from Brain SignalsScientists have found a way t

24、o use brain signals to make a computer speak the words a person is trying to say. Some illnesses or injuries can cause people to lose the ability to speak. 1 , but they are slow. One method allows a person to “type b”y moving their eyes from letter to letter to spell out words. The top speed with th

25、is method is about 10 words per minute. Normal human speech is about 150 words per minute.Much recent research has focused on a direct connection between someone'bsr ain and a computer. 2 . For many BCIs, people have wires attached to their brains. This allows scientists to track the electrical

26、signals in the brain and connect them to computers.Scientists at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) decided to focus on the muscles people were trying to use when they spoke. 3 . Epilepsy (癫痫) is a condition where unusual electrical activity in the brain can cause problems with a per

27、son 'cosn trol of their body or senses.There are about 100 muscles used for speaking. The scientists knew roughly what the shape of the mouth would have to be to make each sound. This allowed them to figure out how the brain signals controlled the speaking muscles. With that information they cou

28、ld “ decode t”he brain signals to find out how the person was moving their mouth.4 .The scientists were surprised at how close to real speech the computer speech was.5 , the muscles used to make each sound are the same for everyone. That will make it easier for a system like this to help many people

29、.A. These people could speak normallyB. This is calel d a “ Brain Computer Interface” (BCI)C. There are some ways for these people to communicateD. The UCSF scientists worked with a group of five people with epilepsyE. There 'msu ch to learn before a system like this could be used ineveryday lif

30、eF. One important discovery is that though each person' s brain signals aredifferentG. Then the scientists were able to create computer speech sounds basedon the position of the speaking muscles 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的科研成果。科 学家已经找到了一种方法 , 利用大脑信号让电脑说出一个人试图说的 话。1. 【解析】 选 C。利用同词复现策略确定答案。根据这句话后面的内

31、 容: 一种方法允许一个人通过移动他们的眼睛拼出单词。 此方法的最高 速度约为每分钟 10 个单词。正常人类讲话是每分钟大约 150 个单词 , 所以这里选择 C: 有一些对于那些因为疾病而失去说话能力的人的沟 通方式。C选项中的 these people 指代空前失去说话能力的人 , C 选项 中的 ways 和空后 method 同义词复现。2. 【解析】选 B。利用同词复现策略确定答案。 选项 B中的词汇 BCI, 在 空后出现, 起到上下文衔接的作用 ; 选项 B的主语 this 指代上文。许多 研究都集中在人的大脑和电脑之间的一个直接联系上 , 这称为 “大脑电 脑接口 ”。对于许多

32、大脑电脑接口来说 , 人们有一些大脑电线 , 这使得 科学家能够跟踪大脑中的电信号 , 并将它们连接到电脑上。3. 【解析】选 D。利用同词复现策略确定答案。 D选项中的 epilepsy, 在 空后出现。加州大学旧金山分校的科学家们对五名癫痫病患者进行研 究 , 癫痫病是大脑中异常的电活动导致大脑对人的身体或感官控制出现问题。4. 【解析】 选 G。根据上下文的逻辑关系确定答案。大约有 100 块肌 肉用于说话。 科学家们大致知道发出每个声音时 , 嘴的形状是什么。 这 使他们能够找出大脑信号如何控制说话的肌肉。 有了这些信息 , 他们可 以“解码”大脑信号 , 以找出人是如何移动他们的嘴。

33、然后 , 科学家们能 够根据说话肌肉的位置来创造计算机语音。科学家们对计算机产生的 语音与真实语音的接近程度感到惊讶。5. 【解析】 选 F。根据标点符号以及反义词复现策略确定答案。 F选项 中的 different 与后半句话 the same 构成一对反义词。一个重要的发现 是 , 虽然每个人的大脑信号是不同的 , 但是每个人用来发出声音的肌 肉是相同的。. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文 , 请你修改你同桌 写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误 , 每句中最多有两处。每处错 误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加 : 在缺词处加一个漏字符号 (), 并在其下面写出

34、该加的词。 删除 : 把多余的词用斜线 ()划掉。修改 : 在错的词下划一横线 , 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词 ;2. 只允许修改 10 处, 多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。Be an excellent student with all-round development, Li Hua has been honored as Star of all the subjects but often ranks among the top three in the class. After class, she is active in the playground, music club and some community. The sport he likes most is playing the basketball. He also took great delight in Chinese opera as well singing pop songs. Besides, he takes an actively part in all sorts of so