河南省商丘一高2015-2016学年度高三英语语法复习学案+情态动词+Word版

1、商丘一高20152016学年度英语语法复习学案情 态 动词 I 情态动词的特征： 本身有词义。 不能独立作谓语。3. 后接动词原形一起构成谓语。4. 不随人称和数的变化。II 情态动词各自的基本意义及用法：一.can和could情态动词用法例句can/could表示能力1“I dont think Mike can type.” “Yes, he can.”2I can speak fluent English now , but I couldnt last year.在肯定句中，表示客观可能性，并不涉及具体某事会发生，常用来说明人或事物的特征。要表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时，不

2、用can，需用could，may，might。1 As a human being, anyone can make a mistake.2 Im confident that a solution can be found.3 He can be very forgetful sometimes.4 I may stay at home this weekend.（实际可能性）5 Peter might come to join us.(实际可能性) 6 It will be sunny in the daytime ,but it could rain tonight.(实际可能性)表示请

3、求和允许。表示请求，口语中常用could代替can，使语气更委婉。1 Can we turn the air conditioner on?2 Any police officer can insist on seeing a drivers license.3 In soccer, you cant touch the ball with your hands.4 Could you have her call me back when she gets home, please?5 I wonder if I could just ask you to sign this.表示对现在的动作

4、或状态进行主观的猜测，主要用在否定句和疑问句中。1 It cant be easy caring for a man and a child who are not your own.2 Can the man over there be our head master?表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用在否定句、疑问句和感叹句中。1 Can this be an excuse for not giving them help?2 This cant be true.3 How can you be so crazy?特别说明：（1） could用来表示请求时，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不能

5、用于肯定句，答语应用can（即：could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）。如：Could I use your dictionary?Yes, you can.(否定回答可用：No, Im afraid not.)(2) can和be able to辨析can(could)和be able to都可以表示能力，意思上没有区别。但can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to则有更多的形式。如：Ive always wanted to be able to speak fluent English.Those bags look really heavy, are you sure youll

6、 be able to carry them on your own?但是，表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力，终于做成了某事，通常不用could，而用was/were able to来表示。这时，was/were able to相当于managed to do或succeed in doing。如：After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.The fire was very big,but most people were able to escape from the building.

7、(3) 惯用形式“cannot too”表示“无论怎么也不（过分）”。如： You cannot be too careful.你越小心越好。 惯用形式“cannot but+ 不定式（不带to）”表示“不得不，只好”。如： I cannot but admire her determination.我不得不钦佩你的决心。 二may和 might情态动词用法例句may/might表示允许、许可。否定回答一般用must not/mustnt,表示“禁止、阻止”之意，但也可以用had better not (最好别)或may not（不可以），语气较为委婉。1 May I come in and

8、wait?2 May I smoke here?No, you mustnt(或No, youd better not.)在表示请求、允许时，might比may语气更委婉些。用May I征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气，在日常用语中，用Can I征询对方意见更为常见。1 Might I borrow your pen?2 I wonder if I might speak to your son.表示可能性的推测，通常用在肯定句和否定句中，含有“或许”“大概”“可能”之意；用might代替may时，则语气显得更加不肯定。1 It may rain this afternoon.2

9、 She might come to join us this afternoon.3 I suppose he might have missed the train.may用于祈使句表示祝愿1 May you succeed.2 Long may he live! 愿他能持续住下去。3 May you have many more days as happy as this one.4 May she rest in peace.愿她安息。惯用句式：“may well+ 动词原形”，意为“完全能，很可能”，相当于to be very likely to“may as well或might(

10、just)as well+动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”，相当于“had better或there is no reason to do anything else.1 It may well change forever the way you look at Greek art.2 There may well be a real problem here.3 There is nothing to do, so I may as well go to bed.4 You may as well tell us now, well find out sooner or later.

11、5 I suppose we might as well go home.6 And if you have to plow the field anyway, you might as well plant it at the same time.三must和have to情态动词用法例句must表示“必须，应该”之意，语气比should，ought to强烈。其否定形式mustnt表示“不准，不应该，禁止”等意1 You must come to school on time.2 Everybody must obey the law.3 You mustnt drive so fast

12、in the street.4 We mustnt waste any more time.在回答带有must的问句时，否定回答常用neednt或dont have to，表示“不必”，而不用mustnt1Must I come back before ten? Yes，you must.(No, you neednt)表示有把握的推测，意为“一定、准是、相必”，只用于肯定句中1 It must be my mother.2 You must be hungry after a walk.3 There must be a hole in the wall. have to“必须，不得不”，意

13、义与must相近。但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。1 The film is not interesting. I really must go now.2 I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.must只有一种形式，即现在式与过去式都是一种形式，而have to则涉及各种人称、时态等方面的变化形式。1I had to work hard when I was your age.2I will have to learn how to use a computer.3In order to

14、take the exam, well have to finish the whole book by the end of this month .两者的否定意义不同，mustnt表示“禁止，不许”，dont have to表示不必。1 You mustnt go there.2 You dont have to go there.四shall和should情态动词用法例句Shall用于第一、二、三人称构成的疑问句，表示征求对方意见或请求指示1 Shall I open the window?2 Shall we say 6 oclock, then?3 What shall I get

15、for dinner?4. Dont worry, you shall get the answer this afternoon.(允诺)用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。1 He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. （警告）2 You shall do as I say. (命令)3 If your children dont do as I tell you, you shall not go to the party. (威胁) should表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”1 What should I d

16、o?2 Should I trust him?3 You should read his new book.表示推测，用在肯定句中，对现在的情况或可能发生的事的主观推测或期待,意为“想必，大概，或许”1 It should be a nice day tomorrow.2 Try phoning Robert, he should be home now.3 He should be around sixty years old.还可以用在if引导的条件句中，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能，相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语用should+动词原形构成，主句都一定用虚拟语气1 As

17、k Tom to ring me up if you should see him. (你万一见到汤姆，请让他给我打个电话)2 Should I be free tomorrow, Ill come. 3 (万一我明天有时间，我就过来)4 If things should change suddenly, please let me know. (万一情况突变，请通知我)用于疑问句或感叹句中，表示意外、惊异的情绪，意为“竟会”，与why，what，how，who连用，如果是疑问句，则不需要回答。1 Why should anyone want to marry Tony?2 Dont ask

18、me. How should I know?五will和would情态动词用法例句will/would用于表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去。1 He is the man who will go his own way. (他是个自行其是的人。)2 They said they would meet us at 10:30 at the station.表示请求、建议等，用would比用will委婉、客气。1 Will you please take a message for him?2 Would you please tell me your telephone numb

19、er?表示习惯或倾向，意为“总是，惯于”。will指现在，would指过去。1 Fish will die without water.2 People will talk. (人们总会说闲话。)3 When we worked in the same office, we would often have coffee together.表示推测，意为“很可能，大概”。will表示推测比should把握大，比must把握小。1 These things will happen.2 That will be the messenger ringing.3 It would be about t

20、en oclock when he left home.表示功能，意为“能，行”。惯用形式：will do/would do表示“解决问题”、“就行”。1 That will be all right.2 Either pen will do.3 It would not do to work too late.（工作太晚不行。）用于否定句中，意为“不肯”、“不乐意”1I wont listen to your nonsense.2No matter what I said, he wouldnt listen to me.特别说明：would与used to辨析would可用来表示过去反复出

21、现的动作，但不能表示过去存在的状态，所以我们不能说：“she would be a quiet girl.”另外，would强调过去某种特定情况下的活动，是完全过去的事情，同现在没有联系。而used to则着眼于过去和现在的对比，隐含现在已不存在，动作或状态都可表示。Would可以表示不规则的习惯，used to则不可。如： He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble. I used to get up at six in the morning. Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighborin

22、g woods. In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help.六need和dare情态动词用法例句need用于表示“需要，必要”之意。做情态动词时，仅用于否定句和疑问句，只有现在时，过去要用needn't have，疑问式用need+人称,否定式用need not(即needn't），1Need we leave soon? Yes, you must.(No, you needn't)2You needn't have hurried.(=It was

23、not necessary for you to hurry，but you did).你当时不必这么匆忙。做实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相同，后接带to的不定式（need doing = need to be done ）,过去式用needed、did you need?和didn't need,肯定式用needs/needed/need,疑问式用do、does、did提问，否定式要在前面加don't、doesn't、didn't1. A job like nursing needs patience and understanding.(need+名词

24、，need understanding=need to be understood,需要被理解)2He needs to see a doctor.(need to do)3Do you still need volunteers to help clean up after the party?(need somebody to do something) 4 They didn't need to start so early.(do not need to do)dare用于表示“敢于”之意。做情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中1Dare you

25、 tell her the truth? Yes, I dare. /No, I darent.3 How dare you accuse me of lying!4 He darent admit this.用作实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相同。在肯定句中，dare后接带to的不定式；否定句中，dare后既可接带to的不定式，也可接不带to的不定式。1 Only a few journalists dared to cover the story.2 He doesnt dare (to) go there alone.3 Dont you dare (to) touch it?七ou

26、ght的用法：情态动词用法例句ought to do表示“应该”之意1 You ought to take care of him.2 Ought I go now?Yes, you ought to. /No, you oughtnt to.表示推测。注意与must表示推测是的区别1 He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)2 He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定)3 This is where the oil must be. (比较直率)4 This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄)说明：sh

27、ould与ought to 表示“应该”时的区别should 表示自己的主观看法，而ought to的语气中，含有“按道理应该”之意。若要反映客观情况或涉及法律义务和规定，一般用ought to。如： You should help them with their work. You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good education.八“情态动词+have done”用法情态动词+have done用法例句must have done 表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必，准是，一定做了某事”1 She

28、must have gone through a lot.2 He must have visited the White House during his stay in the United States.may/might have done表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经（没有）“。一般用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句。用might则表示语气更加不肯定。1 You may have learnt the news.2 He may not have heard his name called.3 Sorry Im late. I might have turned o

29、ff the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.canhave donecannot have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。（can换成could时语气委婉）1 Where can she have gone?2 Could he have done such a foolish thing?3 The boy cant have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.could have do

30、ne可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经”之意，此外，还可以表示过去能做而没做的事，有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜。1 He could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed.2 You could have been more considerate.3 You could have done better, but you were too careless.might have done表示“本来可能，但实际上没有发生的事情”。另外，还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。1 You should not sw

31、im in that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark.2 He might have given him more help, thought he was busy.should/ought to have done用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。1 He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.2 You shouldnt have done it so carelessly.3 You

32、 ought to have returned the book earlier.4 You ought not to have refused his offer.neednt have done表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意：didnt need to do表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”1 You neednt have watered the plants, for it is going to rain.2 I didnt need to buy the dictionary. I had a copy at home.had better have done用于事后的建议，含轻

33、微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”，其否定式had better not have done表示相反的含义。1 You had better have started earlier.2 You had better not have scolded her.would rather have done表示“当时宁愿做了某事”，其否定式would rather not have done表示相反的含义，两者都表示“后悔”之意。1I would rather have taken his advice.2I would rather not have told him the truth.说

34、明：情态动词表推测的反意疑问句1. 情态动词表推测的反意疑问句，简单来说，就是以情态动词后的时态为淮，如句子里有明确的时间状语，则以其为准。2. 以 must 为例：E.g. 1. You must be hungry now, arent you? 2. He must be watching TV , isnt he ? 3 Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasnt he ?4. She must have arrived yesterday, didnt she?注：如选择题中（以She must have arrived yester

35、day, didnt she？为例）既有didnt she又有hasnt she则以didnt she？为最佳答案。情态动词专项练习与解析 1. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not 2. Where is my pen? I _ it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost 3. I wish I _ you

36、yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see 4. I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been 5. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent

37、D. were; would have prevented 6. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might have C. may have given D. may give 7. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday. A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb C. had not been; could have climbed D. had

38、 not been; could climb 8. Without electricity human life _ quite difficult today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be9. A computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not10. Jenny _ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.

39、A. must B. should C. need D. would11. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study12. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should13. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he

40、meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told 14. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 15. Peter _

41、 come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will 16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out 17. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, s

42、he would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 18. Shall I tell John about it? No, you _. Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had bee

43、n broken 20. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can21. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It _ a comfortable journey. A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been22. Johnny, you _ play

44、with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt 23. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 24. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be re

45、ady by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need 25. I stayed at a hotel while in New York. Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 26. Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D.

46、 I wont 27. Are you coming to Jeffs party? Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might28. Write to me when you get home. _. A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can29. I was really anxious about you, you _ home without a word. A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left

47、 C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave30. Is John coming by train? He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.A. must B. can C. need D. may 31. “I thought you wouldnt mind.” “Well, as a matter of fact I dont, but you _ me first.”    A. should ask    

48、0;        B. should have asked C. must ask               D. must have asked  32. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didnt recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _ my aunt Jean.”

49、60;   A. must be               B. must have been C. might be               D. can have been   33. That car nearly hit me; I _.

50、0;   A. might be killed        B. might have been killed    C. may be killed          D. may been killed   34. Its a very kind offer, but I really _ accept it.    A.

51、 mustnt               B. neednt C. cant                 D. dont    35. The police still havent found her, but theyre doing all they _.&

52、#160;   A. may                    B. can C. must                   D. will    36. You _ pr

53、actise the drums while the baby is sleeping.    A. neednt              B. mightnt C. mustnt               D. wont    37. You _ him

54、 the news; he knew it already.    A. neednt tell          B. neednt have told    C. mightnt tell         D. mightnt have told    38. As shes not here, I suppose she _ hom

55、e.    A. must go          B. must have gone C. might go               D. might be going    39. Are you still here？ You _ home hours ago.   

56、A. should go             B. should have gone    C. might go              D. may have gone 40. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didnt recognize h

57、er voice.” “Oh, it _ my aunt Jean.”    A. must be               B. must have been    C. might be              D. can have been 

58、60;  41. I _ have met him a long time ago. Both his name and face are very familiar.    A. may                 B. can C. would           

59、60;     D. should    42.“Shall we go shopping？” “Sorry, we _ buy anything now because none of the shops are open.”    A. mustnt         B. neednt C. cant        

60、0;       D. shouldnt    43. They often go to the restaurants for meals. They _ be very poor.    A. mustnt             B. cant C. may not       &#

61、160;       D. neednt    44. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ have spoken at the meeting.    A. mustnt              B. shouldnt C. neednt  

62、0;           D. couldnt    45. He _ the test again, in which case, his mother will be very disappointed.    A. might fail            B. must have failed    C. should fail           D. could have failed    46. “Why didnt she come to the meeting yesterday？” “Im not so sure. She _ ill.”