初中英语总复习资料精品讲义(精)教学教材

1、中英语总复习资料 精品讲义 （精）精品文档新目标初中英语总复习资料精品讲义词汇(一)这一讲里，主要帮助同学们掌握名词、冠词、数词的用法，特别是针对同学不易掌握的方面。一、名词关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。单数可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an,如：an apple,an hour而不是a1 .复数的构成方法：(1)一般在复数名词后加s,如：dog-dogso(2)以 s、 x、 ch、 sh结尾的名词力口 es,如： bus-buses box boxes watch watchesdish dishes(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es,如：

2、countrycountriesbaby-babies请区别：如果是元音字母加 y结尾的名词，则只须加so如：monkey-monkeys(4)以o结尾的名词，只有potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)加es构成复数。(5)以 f、fe 结尾的名词，变 f、fe 为 v 再加 es,如：knife-knives leafleaves2 .单复数形式相同的词： sheep-sheep fish-fish Chinese-Chinese, Japanese- Japanese3 .特殊变化的单词有：(1)tooth-teeth, foot-feeth(2)man-men, woman-wom

3、en, policeman-policemen, Frenchman-Frenchmen请区别：German(德国人)-Germans (3)child children4 .常以复数形式出现的名词：people(A), clothes依服)，trousers摊子) glasses(艮镜),这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。如： My clothes are (be) newer than yours.5 .有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别 加以记忆。如：news(消息)，maths傲学)，physics(物理)No news is goo

4、d news.6 .可用 how many, many, a few, few, a lot of, lots of, some, any等来修饰可 数名词复数。How many (knife) are there in your pencil-box? (knives )不可数名词：1.常见的不可数名词有：water, rice, fish, meal:,等。应特别记 medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.7 .不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。如： Some bread(be) ove

5、r there. (is )8 .常用 how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词。9 .常用a piece of, a cup o将来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread仍为不可数名词，不加 s,而piece则可力口 s。即：two pieces of bread请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示，如：三箱苹果three boxes of apples例：1、These two pieces of bread(be) over there. (are )2、Could I have thr

6、ee,please ( C )A.piece of bread B.piece of breads C.pieces of bread D.pieces of breads 名词的格 名词所有格的构成方法，在名词后加“ s"。如:Tom-Tom's译为 “的”，若遇上疑尾的复数名词，则在s后加”即可。如：Teachers' Day , two weeks' holiday,而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加's。如： Children's Day关于名词所有格，应掌握以下几点：1 .可用名词所有格表示地点。如：my aunt's

7、我姑姑家。go to the doctors去医生家。2 .表示两人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加's如：Lucy and Lily's room露西和 莉莉的房间3 .掌握词组：a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩 a friend of mne我的一个朋友 The white shirt _ is and blue one is (B)A、Kate, my B. Kate's, mine C. Kate , mine D. Kate's, my二、冠词冠词是词汇中的基础的，也是简单的部分，所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法，归纳起来，同学们应该掌握以下几点

8、：1.冠词指不定冠词a, an和 定冠词the4 .不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an hour, an English car.请区 另( a useful machine5 .指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the6 .在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词 the.如：the sun, the moon, the earth7 .定冠词the用于序数词前，表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。如：the first , the best ,in the south8 .在复数姓氏前加the,表示xx 一家人，常看成复数。如：The Browns are going to Shanghai

9、for a holiday this summer.9 .在介词短语中常用定冠词 the,如：in the box ,behind the chair10 特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面：(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如： in summer, in August请区别：in the spring of 1945.修里表示特指，故加the)(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如：have breakfast ,play football(3)一些固定词组中，如:go to bed ,go to school, by bus ,at night.11 在有些词组中，有冠

10、词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：in front of 在前面in the hospital 在医院里in the front of在一范围内的前部in hospital (生病)住院练习：There's 800-metre-long road behind hospital. ( C)A. an, an B. a, a C. an, the D .a, the三、数词同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。对数词的考查，中考常采用单选题及听力题，这些题型归纳起来，应掌握 以下几点特别容易出错的地方。1.基数词变序数词。其规律为：1,2,3 特殊记,加 th

11、 从 4 起(first, second, third, fourth)8 少 t, 9去 e,千万别忘记(eighth, ninth) 逢 5逢 12, ve 变 f (fifth, twelfth)20至I 90, y要变ie (twentieth, ninetieth) 若是几十几，前基后序别倒位 (ninety- first)2 .hundred,thousand,million在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。如：five hundredpeople.只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s,构成复数形式。hundreds of数以百计的，成百上千的thousands of数以千计的，成千上万的mi

12、llions of数百万的这些词组前不能用具体数字。3 .序数词常与定冠词the连用。练习： Henry has learned eight French words this year. ( A)A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of The(twenty) lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twentieth)另外，同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。顺读法(钟点 十 分钟)如：4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five4:15 fo

13、ur fifteen 倒读法(分钟 + to/past+钟点)如：4:30 half past four4:15 fifteen past four/ a quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to five/ a quarter to five 练习题：1 . At the beginning of the(twenty) century, the world's population was about 1700 million. (twentieth)2 .Are these(watch)yours? Yes. (watches)3 .You don

14、9;t look well. You'd better go to the(doctor) at once. (docto rs)4 .Would you give me, please? ( C )A.two papers B.two piece of paper C.two pieces of paper D.two pieces of papers5 .There are three and seven in the picture. (B)A. monkeys, sheeps B. monkeys, sheep C. monkies, sheep D. monkies, she

15、eps6 .A lot of are talking with two.A. Germans, Frenchmans B. Germen, Frenchmans C. German, Frenchmen D.Germans,Frenchmen (D)7 .June 1 is _. A. the Children's Day B. the Childrens' DayC. Children's Day D. Childrens' Day (A)8 .people went out to see what had happened. (A )A. Thousands

16、 of B. Three thousand of C.Thousand of D.Three thousands9 .We have been in the school for. (B)A. three and a half month B. three and a half monthsC. three month and a half D. three months and half10 .English is useful language. A. A, an B./, a C.The,an D. A, /(B)11 .John was given orange bag for his

17、 birthday but bag was lost justnow.A. an, a B. a, the C .the ,a D. an, the (D)12 .There's old tree near house. A.a, an B.an, the C.a, theD.the ,a (B)13 .There is 800-metre-long road behind hospital.A. an, an B. a, a C .an ,the D .a, the (C)四.代词人称代词：主格：单数I、you、he、she、it 复数we、you、they宾格：单数 me、you、

18、him、her、it 复数 us、you、 them物主代词:形容词性 my、your、his、her、its、our、your、their 名词性 mine、yours、 his、hers、its、ours、yours、theirs反身代词：myself、 yourself、 himself、 herself、 itself、 ourselves、yourselves、themselves1 .形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。2 .注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系，是单数还是复数。如：(1) These boo

19、ks aren't ours.Ours are newi!(里 ours=our books)This is not our room. Ours is over there.这里 ours=our room)3 ."of+名词性物主代词"表示所属 如：a sister of his他的一个妹妹 a friend of mine我的一个朋友4 .人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为：“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”。如： You, she and I all enjoy the music.5 .关于反身代词，同学们须掌握其固定结构：enjoy oneself=have a

20、 good time 过得彳艮愉快） by oneself=alone 印独、独自） help oneself to （随便吃 /喝 些.）learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth.（自学）练习题1 .-Whose trousers are these? -, I think. （C ）A. They B. Their C. Theirs D. Them2 . Nobody taughtEnglish. He taught. （ C）A. him, himself B. his, himself C. him, by himself D. his, hi

21、s（二） 修饰可数名词manyfew表否定意义a few表肯定意义修饰不数名词much little表否定意义a little表肯定意义few和little与quite或only连用时，常加不定冠词 a.如:There are quite a few new books in the library.用 little, a little, few, a few 填空:1. I often stay at home because I have friends here.2. Jim, don't go and get some water. There is water in the

22、glass.3. Though he learned French only weeks. He can speak very well.4. Lily had bread because she was hungry yesterday.（三）不定代词 :something, anything, nothing.当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。如：something newThere's in today's newspape中考题 （D）A. important anything B. important something C. anything important

23、 D. something important（四）另外，还要注意代词 some, every, all, both, either, anotherl.some （一些，某） 一般用于肯定句中注：some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。any （任何）多用于疑问句和否定句 W川 you give me some water? Would you like some meat? May I ask some questions? Could I have some apples?2 .every+单数名词”每一个弓虽调共性，作定语，形式上为单数。each “每一个'强调个性，作定语、主

24、语、宾语和同位语，常与of连用。如：Each student was asked to try again. Each of them has a nice skirt.Every child likes playing games.3 .all （全部）都”表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动词之前。none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of如： We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada.None of us is/are afraid of dogs.（单、复数均可）4 .both &q

25、uot;（两者）者B”,作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。either ”两者中任何一个"，作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数；作定语时，后跟名词 单数。neither （两者）都不”，含有否定意义，用法同either。如： They both swim well. = Both of them swim well. There are trees on both sides of the street. = There are trees on either side of the street. Neither of us is going to Beijing next w

26、eek. Neither answer is right.5. another弹数名词，“另一个”one the other ”一个, 另一个”the other +M数名词=the others "其他的人或物”(指确定范围内剩下的全部)others “别人”(五)疑问代词 5 个 Wh“，即 who, whose, whom, what, which这里，which是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用which.例如：I like the red shirt.do you like ? (Which shirt)练习：一、根据所给单词的适当形式填

27、空，使句意通顺，语法完整6. Can you come with (we)?(us)7. These skirts are . (she)Yours are over there. (hers)8. Please take care of, (you)boys and girls.(yourselves)9. I don't think this is my frisby, though it looks like .(I) (mine)10. Look at ( that) books. Are they yours? ( those) _二、根据首字母填空11. Is there

28、anything interesting in the newspaper?12. She asked us to help each other.13. The old man can neither read nor write.14. Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.15. Please help yourself to some fish, Lucy.三、同义句转换16. A: The children played happily in the zoo yesterday.B: The children enjoy

29、ed themselves in the zoo yesterday.17、 A: He doesn't like mutton, and she doesn't, either.B: Neither he nor she likes mutton.18、A: All the American people don't like sandwiches.B: Not all the American people like sandwiches.19、A: They don't often hear the twins sing the song in the s

30、chool.B: Neither of the twins is often heard to sing the song in the school.ZK) 四、单项选择(C)20、-Can you speak Chinese, Peter?-Yes, but only . A. little B. few C. a little D. a few(A)21、-Do you like Jane's new skirt?-Yes, very much. I'll ask mum to buy for me.A. one B. it C. the other D. a(B)22、

31、The color of her skirt is different from of mine.A. one B. that C. it D. this(B)23、Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running, some like swimming. like ball games.A. the others B. others C. the other D. other(A)24、-I'll give the boys to eat.-Oh, I know, fish and chips.A. someth

32、ing English B. English somethingC. anything EnglishD. English anything(D)25、-Shall I help you with the heavy box?-No, thanks, I can do it . A. me B. my C. mine D. myself(D)26、-What time shall we meet this afternoon,3:00 or 4:00?-I don't mind. time is OK.A. Neither B. Each C. Any D. Either(C)27、-

33、My bag is full, what about ? - is full, too.A. you, Yours B. his, He C. yours, Mine D. hers, She(D)28、-I've had enough bread, Would you like ? -No, thanks.A. a few more B. one more C. another more D. some more(A)29、There are many trees on sides of the river.A. both B. either C. neither D. each(A

34、)1、He has two bikes, one is new, is old.A. the other B. other C. the others D. others(C)2、Without the sun, could grow in the world.A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything(B)3、 of them is going to play basketball with you this afternoon.A. All B. Neither C. Some D. Both(B)4、-Can you tell me

35、 what a panda looks like?-Look! This is a picture of . A. it B. one C. two D. some(B)5、There are not many pears here, but you can take if you want to.A. few B. a few C. a little D. little二、形容词副词大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级：原级：比较级：比较.，更.一些 最高级：最.(A) 1.构成：(规则情况)情况变化方法例词单音节词和少数双音节词：一般情况 力口 er, est clever-cleverer-

36、cleverest以字母 e结尾 力口 r, st nice-nicer-nicest重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写加er, est big-bigger-biggest以辅音字母力口 y 结尾 变y 为i力口 er, est early-earlier-earliest部分双音节和多音节词 在词前加 more, most slowly-more slowly-most slowly2.不规贝U变化，须熟t己：good/well-better-best many/much-more-most far-farther-farthestbad/badly/ill-worse-worst l

37、ittle-less-least(B)常见的使用情况1 .asas和一样(中间用原级)2 .not as(so)as和不一样(中间用原级)3than :.比.(用比较级)4 .有范围修饰的用最高级如:in, of, among或用从句修饰的.(l)Winter is the coldest season of the year. ( 2 )This is the best film that I have ever seen .5 .比较级 +and+比较级 意为 “越来越. wetter and wetter more and more beautiful6 . The+比较级，the+比较

38、级 越.就越. The more, the better越多越好(C)注意点：1.形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略。2.可用 much, a little, even, still 等修饰比较级。3在比较级中为了避免重复，在than后常用one, that, thos巡词来替代前 面提到过的名词。The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.(D)掌握三种同义句转换：1 .He is taller than any other student in his class. =He is the tallest (student)

39、in his class.2 .This film is less interesting than that one. =This film isn't as interesting as that one.=That film is more interesting than this one.3 .I prefer maths to English. =I like maths better than English.Which do you like, fish, meat eggs? A.best, or B.better, or C. best, andD.better,a

40、nd (B)止匕外，关于形容词、副词的内容同学们还须掌握：1 .形容词修饰名词作定语，跟在连系动词之后作表语。2 .副词修饰动词、形容词或其它副词enough属例外词：形/副+enough to do enough+名词 例如;She is old enough to go to school她够上学的年龄了。3 .区别几组易混淆的副词：也too用于肯定、疑问句also较为正式书面语either用于否定句已经already常用于肯定句、疑问句yet常用于否定句、疑问句不再 no (not any) longer从时间上讲 no (not any) more从动作上讲如此这样such修饰名词su

41、ch a big boxso修饰形容词、副词so big 单独、独自alone作表语=by oneself孤独的 lonely 可作表语、定语 A group of girls are singing and dancing over there.(happy) 练习题I.The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake. _ are climbing the hill.A. Others B. Other C. Another D. The other2 .There isn't

42、 in today's newspaper.A. important something B. important anything C. anything important D. nothing important3 .-Whose watch is this, Mary? Is it your sister's?-No, Mum. It's not. It's. A.hers, my B. her, my C. Mine, hers D.hers, mine1.1. he Changjiang River is the third _ river in t

43、he world. A.long B.longer C.longest D.the longest5. An elephant is than a horse.A.more strong B. much stronger C. the most strong D. much more strong6. Which do you like, tea, orange or water? A.good B.Well C. Better D. Best介词1 .与形容词搭配的词组有：be afraid of （怕）be angry with （生某人的气）be away from （不在某地） be

44、different from （与不同）be good at （善于） be good/ bad for 的有益/有害） be interested in （对感 兴趣）be late for （迟到） be/get ready for （为作好准备）be sure of日寸有 把握）be worried about （为感到担忧）2 .介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing形式1）You must take good care of her. 2）Thank you for teaching us so well.3 .几组易混淆的介词A. “在.之后” in + 一段时间（用于一般将来时）a

45、fter + 一段时间（用于一般过去时）after + 一点时间（常用于一般将来时）如：The baby stopped crying after half an hour.The baby will stop crying in half an hour. They will visit their teacher after Friday.B. for + 一段时间 since + 过去的一点时间这两者均用于现在完成时，具体在时态部分，我会继续向同学们讲解。C. be made of 用制成 be made in "由某地制造be made by somebody "由

46、某人制成”D. in, on, at表时间 in “在某月季节、年）等” in 1996, in January, in summer 固定词组：in the morning, in a week, in a minute, in time, in the end on ”用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等 "on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16at ”用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中”固定词组： at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon

47、, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time注意：在表时间里，下列情况下一般不用介词。词组里有： next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all以及 the day before yesterday口 the day after tomorrow 前不用介词 。 如:不能说in tomorrow，只能说 tomorrow 在明天 E. except

48、 + 宾格/doing something ”除之外”（不包括本身）Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao.旧义句转换）=Only Lin Tao isn't at school today.F. “用'通过交通工具by plane用语言 in English 通过媒介 on /over the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV用工具手段 with a pen, with one's handsG. between "在和 （两者）之间”betweenand，between

49、the two. among之间（三者或三者以上）Sue spent over two hours her homework yesterday evening. A.on B.with C.atD.over二、连词1 .并列连词both-and既又谓语用复数动词neither-nor既不也不含否定意义，（就近原则）谓语动词由靠近它的那个主语来决定单复数。either。or"或者或者” “不是就是”and “和”连接两个并列成分，连接谓语时，两个动词时态应一致。but "但是'表转折，不能与though同时出现在旬中。or "或者”在否定句中，并列句中的列

50、举常用or,而不用and。 Eg: I havebrothers and sisters.杳）I don't have brothers or sisters尸 I have no brothers and nosisters.2 .引导宾语从句的连词陈述句：that可省略一般疑问句：if /whether “是否”特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词3 .引导原因X从的有：because（F能与so同时出现在旬中）4 .引导时间状语从句的连词：A. when （当时候）,as soon as-（一就）,not- until （直至U才）,after（在之后），引导的主从复合句，主句为一般将来时，从

51、句则用一般现在时来代替般将来时。Eg: I won't leave until he comes back.B. since （自从以来）引导的主从复合句，主句为现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 Eg: We haven't met each other since she left here last year.C. while （当一时候，一边一边）它引导的时间状语从句常用进行时态。My father came in while I was doing my homework.5 .引导条件状语从句的连词：if“如果”，引导条件状从，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。请区

52、别于if “是否”相当加hether,引导宾语从句，时态根据语境确定1）I don't know if it （rain） tomorrow.2）If it（rain） tomorrow, I（not climb） the hills.3）Joan and Mary haven't seen each other they left school five years ago.A. as B. before C. after D. since三、构词法构词有法记无定法一、利用构词法记忆：1 . 合成法： note+ book-notebook, school+yar schoo

53、lyard, book + markbookmark2 .派生法(即在词根上加前、后缀记忆)：en(使有)+ courage-encourage inter (one with another； face toface) + view-interview ； foreign + er (人)- foreigner, play+er (执行动作的 人)-player, sharpen+ er (执行动作的物)-sharpener library + ( y i) an(人)-li brarian； miss (v. ) + ing-missing (adj. ) , probable (adj.

54、) + (l) y- probably (adv. ) , sad (adj. ) + ly-sadly (adv. ) ; compose(v. ) + (门 i) tion-composition (n. ) , inform (v. ) + (a) tion - information (n.)3 .转化法： know (v. ) knowledge (n.)二、意义关联帮你记忆：dictionarywords, umbrellarain, library bookshelf, kitchen-cook三、英英解释，温故知新：abroad in or to another country

55、, overseas interviewmeeting with sb.说说记忆单词的方法词是构成句子的重要元素，词汇量的多少在英语学习中占有重要地位。今天我 们讲讲怎样记忆单词。一、把单词放入句子中，在一定的语言环境中记忆单词。如果一旦忘记词义，就回忆它所在的句子。很多成绩较好的同学都有一个体会，抓住对句子的理解和背诵这样一个关键，记忆单词一般来说是毫不费力的。二、将单词按归类的方法进行记忆。把同义词归成一类，如learnstudy,betweenamong； 反义词归成一类，如 leftright, highlow, strong一-weak；或根据含义和用途把同一类型的词归成一类,如交通

56、工具类：car,bus, ship, plane, truck,学科类：maths, science, art, geography,频度fPJ 词类：always, usually, often, sometimes, never, 等等。这样当遇到其中一个词时，头脑中出现的就是一组词，这样记忆单词的效率就会大大提高。同时，还可以掌握词与词之间的区别和各自特殊的用法，将平时极易混淆的单词清楚地区别开来。三、利用构词法记忆单词。比如 happy （幸福的），加前缀“un”成为unhappy（不幸福的），改“y”为”“加后缀ness'则变成了名词：happiness （幸福）；pea（豌

57、豆）"与n'ut （坚果）”可合成为peanut （花生）" ；when （何时）+ ever（在任何时候）=whenever （无论什么时候）等等。四、根据记忆与遗忘的规律来记忆单词，即应及时在第二天、第三天甚至以后再读第一天记忆的单词，定期作阶级性的复习，同遗忘作斗争。要记忆单词就不能怕重复，重复也是记忆的一种好方法。五、初中阶段还有一个很实用的记忆单词的好方法就是根据音标即单词读音来记单词。只要你首先根据音标把一个单词读准、读对，那么就可根据其读音基本拼写出该单词。首先这要掌握一定的拼读规则。比如“ dirty”，根据音标我们就能拼写出d-ir-t-y （在非重读音节中发i）。这种方法对于记忆字母较多的单词尤其有效，如“contribution”，根据音标我们可把它分成四部分来记忆：con tri bution ,这样就能较快地记住单词。以系统的方式来学习记忆知识能起到事半功倍的效果。因此背单词时我们一定 要留心观察，寻找词与词之间的关系，这样将有助于我们记忆单词。总之，只 要我们掌握一些科学的方法，并用心去记忆，