助学本科考试现代语言学

1、您的位置：考核练习 >> 习题浏览 单选题一、单项选择题1、the classic semantic triangle suggested by ogden and richards is known as the_ approach to semantic study. （分数：1分） a. naming b. contextual c. conceptualist d. behaviorist 正确答案：c 2、in some sense the existence of taboo words stimulates the creation of_, serving as s

2、ubstitutes for the offensive language. （分数：1分） a. euphemisms b. taboo expressions c. address terms d. slang term 正确答案：a 3、when a word is employed as a medium of thinking by means of its conceptualizing system, we say it is used for _ communication. （分数：1分） a. . intrapersonal b. interpersonal c. indi

3、vidual d. textual 正确答案：a 4、by the age of _, children have completed the greater part of the language acquisition process. （分数：1分） a. three b. four c. five d. six 正确答案：c 5、_ is the study of sound units that have distinctive value in human communication. （分数：1分） a. a. phonology b. b. morphology c. c.

4、lexicology d. d. phonetics 正确答案：a 6、the study of language as a whole is often called _. （分数：1分） a. particular b. general c. ordinary d. generative 正确答案：b 7、_ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word. （分数：

5、1分） a. free b. bound c. root d. affix 正确答案：b 8、 the two clauses in a _ sentence are structurally equal parts of the sentence. （分数：1分） a. simple b. complete c. complex d. coordinate 正确答案：d 9、 what is actually internalized in the mind of a native speaker is a _ system of grammatical knowledge. （分数：1分）

6、 a. phrase b. sentence c. rule d. symbol 正确答案：c 10、 sense and reference are two related _ different aspects of meaning. （分数：1分） a. but b. and c. or d. as well as 正确答案：a 11、the sentence "i like this shirt very much." has _arguments. （分数：1分） a. one b. two c. three d. four 正确答案：b 12、 if a sen

7、tence is regarded as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes _. （分数：1分） a. a sentence b. an act c. a unit d. an utterance 正确答案：d 13、 chinese is a major member of the _ family. （分数：1分） a. austronesian b. indo-european c. afroasiatic d. sino-tibetan 正确答案：d 14、 _ involves

8、a reversal in position of two adjoining sound segments. （分数：1分） a. apocope b. epenthesis c. metathesis d. assimilation 正确答案：c 15、the goal of _ is to explore the nature of language variation and language use among a variety of speech communities and different social situations. （分数：1分） a. psycholingu

9、istics b. sociolinguistics c. historical linguistics d. general linguistics 正确答案：b 16、12. for_, thinking was a system of movements that had been reduced from actual speech to the point where they were no longer visible. （分数：1分） a. watson b. plato c. aristotle d. bloomfield 正确答案：d 17、the meaning of a

10、 word or phrase depends largely on the communicative _. （分数：1分） a. content b. context c. response d. answer 正确答案：b 18、in general ,the two-word stage begins roughly in the _ half of the child's second year. （分数：1分） a. early b. late c. first d. second 正确答案：d 19、_ can be simply defined as the speec

11、h sounds which have distinctive value when speaking a language. （分数：1分） a. phones b. sounds c. phonemes d. speech sounds 正确答案：c 20、 _ studies how sounds are put together to convey meaning in communication. （分数：1分） a. phonology b. morphology c. lexicology d. phonetics 正确答案：a 21、stress in english is u

12、sed to _ semantically important words. （分数：1分） a. signal b. stand out c. identify d. single 正确答案：a 22、 _ are those that cannot be usedindependently but have to be combines with other morphemes, either free or bound. （分数：1分） a. free morphemes b. bound morphemes c. morphemes d. derivatives 正确答案：b 23、_

13、 represents the basis for the meaning of a sentence, although it is not supposed to provide the full meaning of a sentence. （分数：1分） a. surface structure b. phrase structure c. transformational structure d. deep structure 正确答案：d 24、if two lexical terms consist for the same components, they are _. （分数

14、：1分） a. homonymous b. synonymous c. hyponymous d. antonymous 正确答案：a 25、when asked by his teacher that he was laughing at, one student answered "nothing". it is common knowledge that one will not laugh at nothing, so it is false and violates the maxim of _. （分数：1分） a. quantity b. relation c

15、. quality d. manner 正确答案：c 26、_ refers to the physiological effect of one sound on another. （分数：1分） a. sound assimilation b. internal borrowing c. elaboration d. rule simplification 正确答案：a 27、when a _comes to be adopted by a population as its primary language, and children learn it as their first la

16、nguage, it because a creole. （分数：1分） a. lingua franca b. contact language c. local language d. pidgin 正确答案：d 28、 _ is the language center responsible for converting a visual stimulus into an auditory form and vice versa. （分数：1分） a. wernickes area b. the angular gyrus c. brocas area d. all of the abo

17、ve 正确答案：b 29、the _ approach was fonded on the belief that it was possible to predict what problems the sla would face and the errors they would make by establishing the linguistic differences between the native and target language systems. （分数：1分） a. error analysis b. contrastive analysis c. compone

18、ntional analysis d. istorical and comparative linguistics 正确答案：b 30、a compound word consists of_. （分数：1分） a. two words b. two morphemes c. two root morphemes d. two or more morphemes 正确答案：c 31、conventionally a _is put in slashes. （分数：1分） a. allophone b. phone c. phoneme d. morpheme 正确答案：c 32、the ope

19、ning between the vocal cords is sometimes refered to as_. （分数：1分） a. gottis b. vocal cavity c. pharynx d. uvula 正确答案：a 33、a phoneme is a group of similar sounds called _. （分数：1分） a. minimal pairs b. allomorphs c. phones d. allophones 正确答案：d 34、which one is different from the others according to plac

20、es of articulation? （分数：1分） a. n b. m c. b d. p 正确答案：a 35、what kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating? （分数：1分） a. voiceless b. voiced c. glottal stop d. consonant 正确答案：b 36、the word tb is formed in the way of _. （分数：1分） a. acronymy b. clipping c. initialism d. blending 正确答案：c

21、37、all of them are meaningful except for _. （分数：1分） a. lexeme b. phoneme c. morpheme d. allomorph 正确答案：b 38、nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as _. （分数：1分） a. lexical words b. grammatical words c. function words d. form words 正确答案：a 39、the head of the phrase "the city rome" is

22、_. （分数：1分） a. the city b. rome c. city d. the city and rome 正确答案：d 40、_ does not belong to major syntactic categories. （分数：1分） a. auxiliary b. np c. n d. pp 正确答案：a 41、the criterion used in ic analysis is _. （分数：1分） a. transformation b. conjoining c. grouping d. substitutability 正确答案：d 42、in a comple

23、te sentence, the incorporated, or subordinate clause is normally called a(n) _clause. （分数：1分） a. finite b. non-infinite c. embedded d. matrix 正确答案：c 43、idioms are _. （分数：1分） a. sentences b. naming units c. phrases d. communication units 正确答案：b 44、_describes whether a proposition is true or false. （分

24、数：1分） a. truth b. truth value c. truth condition d. falsehood 正确答案：b 45、lexical ambiguity arises from polysemy or _which can not be determined by the context. （分数：1分） a. homonymy b. antonymy c. meronymy d. synonymy 正确答案：a 46、_ proposed that speech act can fall into five general categories. （分数：1分） a

25、. austin b. searle c. sapir d. chomsky 正确答案：b 47、promising, undertaking, vowing are the most tapical of the _. （分数：1分） a. declarations b. directives c. commissives d. expressives 正确答案：c 48、the branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called_.

26、（分数：1分） a. semantics b. pragmatics c. sociolinguistics d. psycholinguistics 正确答案：b 49、romance languages include the following languages excep_. （分数：1分） a. italian b. french c. english d. spanish 正确答案：c 50、the only major language that used a(n) _ writing is japanese. （分数：1分） a. syllabic b. logographi

27、c c. ideogram d. tone 正确答案：a 2、 名词解释1、 vowela vowel is a sound in forming which the air that comes from the lungs meets which no obstruction of any kind in the throat,the nose or the mouth.2、 slangit refers to casual, very informal speech , using expressive but informal words and expressions.3、 supr

28、asegmental featurethe phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called suprasegmental features; these are the phonological properties of such units as the syllable, the word, and the sentence. the main suprasegmental ones includes stress, intonation, and tone.4、 suprasegmental

29、 featurethe phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called suprasegmental features; these are the phonological properties of such units as the syllable, the word, and the sentence. the main suprasegmental ones includes stress, intonation, and tone. 5、 moveit is a general mov

30、ement rule accounting for the syntactic behavior of any costituent movement 6、 back clippingit means one or more are deleted form the end of the word. it is the most common type of clipping, like auto from automobile.7、 speech varietyit is a term sometimes used instead of language, dialect, sociolec

31、t, pidgin , creole, etc. because it is concered more neutral than such terms it may also be used for different varieties if one language ,e.g.american english, australian english, indian english.8、 sensesense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. it is the collection of all

32、the features of the linguistic form; it is abstract and de-contextualized. it is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are interested in.9、 predication analysisit is to break down the sentence into their smaller constituents:argument and predicate. the predicate is the major or pivotal element

33、governing the argument. the argument is the logical participant.10、 ethnic dialectit is a social dialect of a language, often cutting across regional difference. it is spoken mainly by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation, such as racial discrimination or s

34、egregation.11、 pitchpitch is a suprasegmental feature, whose domain of application is the syllable. different rates of vibration produce what is known as different frequencies, and in auditory terms as different pitches. pitch variations may be dinstinctive like phoneme, that is, when they may contr

35、ibute to distinguish between different words. in this function, pitch variations are called tones.12、 diachronic linguisticsit is a study of a language through the course of its history；therfore, it is also called historcial linguistics.13、 illocutionary actit is using a sentence to perform a functi

36、on. for example, shoot the snake may be intended as an order or a piece of advice.14、 semantic shiftit means that the meaning of a word takes a departure from its original domain as a result of its metaphorical usage. for example, the meaning of teeth has a semantic shift when it is used in the phra

37、se the teeth of a comb.15、 epenthesisit is a process in which a vowel or consonant may be inserted to the middle of a word. for example, by insertion of, old english word glims changed into glimpse.16、 bound morphemeit is a morpheme which can not stand by itself as a complete utterance. it must appe

38、ar with at lest one other morpheme, free or bound, like un- in unhappy, past tense morpheme in worked.17、 registers language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations, in contrast to language varieties that are associated which the social or regional grouping of their customary u

39、sers. registers are also called situational dialects.18、 performativesthey are sentences that do not state a fact or describe a state and are not verifiable, in other words, performatives are utterances that prefome an act“do things”.19、 utterance meaningit is the meaning a speaker conveys by using

40、a particular utterance in a particular context situation.20、 sentence meaningit refers to a sentence and is a grammatical concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied as the abstract, intrinsic property of the sentence itself in terms of predication.21、 truth conditionit is the fact that

41、would have to obtain in reality to make a proposition true or false.22、 deep structureit is a central theoretical term in generative grammar, opposed to surface structure. it is the abstract syntactic representation of a sentence an underlying level of structural organization which specifies or the

42、facters governing the way the sentence should be interpreted.23、 syntactic categoryit is a word or phrase that performs a particular grammatical function such as subject or object.24、 minimal pairwhen two different phonetic forms are identical in every way except in one sound element that occurs in

43、the same position in the string, the two form are said two form a minimal pair.25、displacementit means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts, which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication.26、 voicingit is a phonetic feature of so

44、me sounds. it is caused by the viberation of the vocal cords.27、euphemismit is a mild, indirect or less offensive words or expression that replace a taboo word.this a logic relationship between two sentences in which the truth of the second necessarily follows from the truth of the first ,while the

45、falsity of the first follows from the falsity of the secondthe limited range of sounds that are used in human language communication, i.e. the speech sounds it is the manifestation of grammatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes such as number ,person ,finiteness ,aspect and

46、 cases to which they are attached.it refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form ,for example ,different word are identical in sound or spelling ,or in both.a hypothetical innate mechanism every human child is believed to be born with , which allow them to acquir

47、e language.it is known as a process in which final vowels may be lost .for example ,the old english word help developed into help in modern englishpredication is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence .it is the basic unit in the semantic analysis of the a sentence .a predication consist of ar

48、gument and predicate it refers to the samesness or close similarity of meaning .the relation between lorry and truck ,room and chamber are example of synonymya way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze wore meaning ,which believe that the meaning of a word can be further divided into sm

49、aller units called semantic featuresit is system of linguistic knowledge and a human species-specific gift which exists in the mind of a normal human being .it consists of a set of general conditions ,or general principles ,that generate phrases and sentencesthey are independent units of meaning and

50、 can be used freely all by themselvesdesign features refers to defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any other animal system of communication .they are arbitrariness, productivity ,duality ,displacement ,cultural teansimissionthe transcription with help of the diacritics ,so

51、 that can faithfully represent as much of the fine details as it is necessary for the purpose of the phonetic research it is a study of a language through the course of its history ;therefore ,it is also called historical linguisticsit is also called standard variety .it is the variety of a language

52、 which has the highest status in a community or nation and which is usually based on the speech and writing of educated native speakers of the languageit is an organizational principle which thinks of the lexicon and groups of words in the lexicon can be semantically related ,rather than a listing o

53、f words as in a published dictionary it is the study of meaning communicated through language .the basic task in semantic is to show how people communicate meanings with pieces of languageit is what a linguistic from refers to in the real word ;it is a matter of the relationship between the form and realityit is the view which holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic from and what it refers to ;rather ,in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of concepts in the mind.the smallest unit of language in terms of the relationship betwee