英美概况CHAPTER5 BRITISH CULTURE

1、 CHAPTER5 BRITISH CULTUREI.INTRODUCTION The differences among the ways of people live depending on their eographic location and national traits.II.THE BRITISH PEOPLE-GENERAL TRAITS1. reserved2. generous&hospitable3. humorous4. cherishing ones own space&privacy 1. MANNERS FOR A DENSELY POPULA

2、TED ISLAND-table manners-manners outside home Greetings Addressing-giving priority to the good of the community Queue lovers2. BRITISH PAGEANTRY AND ROYALTY-the Lord Mayor of Londons parade/the Lord Mayors Show -About 800-year-old tradition -one of the longest established and best known annual event

3、s in London -a street parade in form of a fairly light-hearted combination of traditional British pageantry and elements of carnival. -the show starts in the centre of the City of London(near the Bank of England)3.CLASS SOCIAL SYSTEM The Upper Class:the aristocracy -the royal families, the peerages

4、and the offshoots of these families -peerage system Duck Marquis Earl Viscount BaronThe Upper ClassThe Middle Class:white-collar workers -the upper-middle class:the professionals -the lower-middle class: office workers and shop owners The Under Class Interesting facts -an ingrained class consciousne

5、ss -money has little to do with the class system in England -differences in education, language patterns and regional accents,leisure activities and even food.4.EDUCATIONAN OVERVIEW Compulsory education:5-16 years old 3-5:nursery schools or day care facilities(paid) 5-11:primary schools(free) -publi

6、c schools/independent schools: Eton,Winchester,Harrow,Rugby(private schools) -state schools 11+ “eleven plus”exam 11-16:secondary school(free) -grammar schools -comprehensive schools 16-18:tertiary schools -who plan to enter the university -who choose some kind of vocational training -formsAdvanced

7、degree:evening classesAssociate degree:2 yearsCollege degree:3 years Exams: 16:General Certificate of Secondary Education(GCSE=GCE-O) 18:A-Level (Advanced Level)exam=General Certificate of Education-Advanced(GCE-A) -a requirement to enter a university General National Vocational Qualifications(GNVQS

8、) Degrees -Bachelors :3 years -Masters:2 years -Doctorate:2 years UNIVERSITIES British universities are funded by central Government - The only private(ly-funded)university in the UK is The University of Buckingham-Oldest Universities:Oxford,Cambridge-open University:its open to everybody and doesnt

9、 demand formal educational qualifications. -by correspondence -through TV5.THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM-National Health Care System(NHC)-National Health Service(NHS)BY the Labor in 19846.FAMILY AND CHILDCARE-a nuclear family Father+mother+children-an extended family -(+grandparents+other families -breadwi

10、nner -traditionally: father -double-income family-Dink(double income,no kids) 7.HOUSING -Types of houses in England -Detached -Semi-detached -Terrace -Flats(apartments) -Bungalow -Gardens and Gardening -private gardens -public gardens8.FOOD IN HOMES AND RESTAURANTS -Tea-break:11:00 a.m. -Lunch:12:00

11、-2:00 p.m. Sunday Roast:a traditional meal eaten by a family at Sunday lunchtime -Tea-time(Afternoon tea):3:30-5:00 p.m. -High tea:in the early evening(the Scots) -Snacks:between meals(sweets and crisps) -British Pubs(Public Houses):Bar+Restaurant -a social institution:multifunctional(restaurant,hot

12、el leisure and social center) -a presentation of British life9.RELIGION -The Church of England=Anglican Church created by King Henry VIII -Not regular church-goers -Married in churchIII.ENTERTAINMENT1. LEISURE3 popular pastimes of the Britons Watching TV Reading newspapers Listening to the radio 2.

13、MASS MEDIA-TV BBC:the British Broadcasting Corporation -BBC English -TV licenses-Newspapers Quality press=the Broadsheets:to inform -The Times -The Daily Telegraph -The Guardian:left wing -The Observer:worlds oldest national paper -The Financial Times:international Gutter press=the tablolds: to ente

14、rtain -The sun -Daily Mirror -News of the World:Britains biggest seller3.SPORTSTYPES AND ATTITUDES TOWARD SPORTS-Great Events -Wimbledon:tennis -the Soccer Cup Final(The English Premier League) -the English Derby:flat race -the Grand National:steeplechase4.THE ARTS-THEATER,MUSIC,AND FILM -William Sh

15、akespeares works -The Globe Theater -Startford-on-Avon5.SHOPPING6.PETSKINDS,AND ATTITUDE TOWARD ANIMALS -a nation of animal lovers -The welfare of animals -Modern animal activists7.HOLIDAYS-Easter -Good Friday: Commemorating the crucifixion of Jesus Christ -Easter Sunday Celebrating the resurrection/rebith of Jesus Christ -Easter eggs and bunnies:symbols of life-Christmas -Christmas Eve -Father Christmas -Christmas gifts-Boxing day -the first working day after Christmas -the giving of Christmas boxes, or gifts, to service workers,staff,postal wor