操作系统复习相关词汇解析

1、1. overview? cpu一 multiprocessor, multi-computer, distributed systems （多重处理器、多处理器计算机、分布式系统）registers: pc, psw- 登记：电脑、psw? memory一 cost, access time, capacity- 成本，读取时间，能力- hierarchy- 层级；等级制度? i/o communication techniques? i / o 通信技术- programmed i/o, interrupt-driven i/o, dma, channel- 规划i / o,轮询i / o

2、,dma、渠道? categories of computer systems? 类别的计算机系统- from the scale: mainframe computer, minicomputer, microcomputer- 从比例：主机电脑，小型计算机，微型计算机- flynn taxonomy费林分类法? operating system objectives and functions? 操作系统的目标和功能- convenience便利）- efficiency效率- ability to evolve能力|演进能力? the evolution of operating sys

3、tems? 操作系统的演化一 direct interacting with the computer hardware- 计算机硬件直接互动-monitor- 监视器- simple batch systems- 简单批量系统一 multiprogramming or multitasking- 多道程序或多任务- modern operating systems- 现代操作系统|作业系统? operating system types? 内核- real-time systemt real-time processing systemt 即时系统 | 实时系统t real-time con

4、trol systemt 实时控制系统t features 特征-reliability一信度- protection for overloading-超载保护一 ability to control the human-machine interaction-控制人机交互能力-interrupt processing-中断处理 中断处理技术-timer management-中断处理 中断处理技术? operating system types? 内核-batch processing system-批处理系统t featurest 产品特点，特征-batched-成批的-multiprog

5、ramming-多道程序设计- the lack of interaction between the user and the job-缺乏互动的用户和工作- while it is executing-当它执行-time-sharing system-分时系统t featurest 产品特点，特征一simultaneity-同时性同时一interactivity一互动性-sharing-共享-monopolization-垄断专利? operating system types? 内核-distributed systems-分布式系统t advantages of distributed

6、 systems.t 分布式系统的优点-resources sharing-资源共享区- computation speed up - load sharing-计算速度，负载共享-reliability-可靠性-communications-通信通讯t network operating systemt 网络操作系统t distributed operating systemt 分布式操作系统? modern operating systems? 现代操作系统-windows nt-微软公司的网络操作系统 视窗新技 网络窗口unix- 一种多用户的计算机操作系统? other issues?

7、 其他社会问题- some concepts and terms- 一些概念与术语t user, program, job, job stept 用户、程序、工作、工作步骤t resources sharingt 资源共享区t sequential execution vs. concurrent execution of a programt 序贯执行与一个程序的并行执行t multiprogrammingt 多道程序设计t relocationt 再定位 重定位置t timer and timer queuet 定时器和定时器队列t primitivet 基元 原语 原始的? interf

8、aces of operating systems? 界面的操作系统- used for programs- 用于项目t consist of a set osf ystem callt 由一套系统调用used for users to control the processing 用于用户控制加工interfaces for online users在线用户接口- command line interface- 命令行界面gui- 图形用户界面interfaces for offline users离线用户接口- job control language- 作业控制语言- job contr

9、ol card (or job control description)- 工作控制卡(或工作控制描述)2. processes? process? 活动进程统计流程 进程? process states? 过程状态-two-state process model-候选过程模型-five-state model-five-state 模型-seven-state model with two suspend states-seven-state模型和两个暂停状态? vector tables, code mobility? 矢量表, 代码流动? process control blocks?

10、进程控制块? the tree of processes? 这棵树的过程2. threads 线程? threads vs. processes? 线程与过程? user-level threads and kernel-level threads? 用户级线程和内核级线程? thread creation, manipulation and synchronization? 线程创建、手段和同步3. concurrency 并发? mutual exclusion and synchronization? 相互排斥和同步? competition among processes for re

11、sources? 竞争过程对资源的需求? control problems? 控制问题-mutual exclusion-死锁条件互斥|互斥t critical sectionst 临界区 | 临界段 | 关键代码段一 only one program at a time is allowed in its critical section-一次只有一个程序在它的临界区是允许的- example only one process at a time is allowed to send command to the printer-例如一次只有一个过程可以发送指令到打印机-deadlock-死

12、锁-starvation-饿死? the critical-section一 the principles to design the critical-section1. 计 critical-section 原则t mutual exclusiont 死锁条件互斥t progresst 进度t bounded waitingt 有限等待一 algorithms to solve the critical-section problem2. ritical-section 算法来解决问题3. ynchronization hardware4. 步 hardwa? semaphores? 信号

13、classical problems of synchronization经典问题的不同步t producer-consumer problem (bounded-buffer problem)t producer-consumer 问题 (bounded-buffer 问题 )t readers and writers problemt 读者和作者问题t dining-philosophers problemt dining-philosophers 问题? monitors?监视器i显示器? process communication?过程通信i进程通信i进程通讯5. essage pas

14、sing6. 息传递? sample code?示例代码|范例程式7. deadlock and starvation 死锁 , 饥饿? concepts? 基本概念? conditions for deadlock? 僵局条件-mutual exclusion-死锁条件互斥-hold-and-wait-no preemption-不可抢先|剥夺条件一circular wait-循环等待? prevention? 预防一static allocation-静态分配|静态存储分配一sequential allocation-顺序配置? avoidance? 撤销 | 回避- banker'

15、; s algorithm-银行的算法? detection? 检测 | 检验-resource-allocation graph-资源分配图? recovery? 恢复-process termination-过程终止-resource preemption-先分配8. scheduling 进度安排? . goals of scheduling? 目标调度问题的- quick response time- 快速响应时间- fast throughput一快速吞吐量- processor efficiency-处理器效率? type of scheduling? 类型的调度-long-ter

16、m-持续时间较长的- medium-term-中期一short-term-短期? decision mode? 判定方式-nonpreemptive一 非抢占式- preemptive一 先占式多任务? scheduling strategies? 调度策略fcfs-先来先服务-priorities-优先等级|优先顺序-round-robin (rr)-循环的shortest job first (sjf)优先法shortest remaining time first最短时间先做highest response ratio first响应比第一个最高multiple feedback que

17、ues多重反馈排队9. memory management 内存管理? requirements? 要求-relocation- 再定位|重定位置-protection- 防护|保障- sharing- 共享- logical organization- 逻辑组织|逻辑布局- physical organization- 物理组织|实体组织? partitioning? 分区 | 分块一fixed partitioning- 固定分区一dynamic partitioning- 动态分区t dynamic partitioning placement algorithmt 动态分区布局算法-b

18、est-fit algorithm-最佳适应算法-first-fit algorithm-首次适应算法-circular first-fit (next-fit)-循环 first-fit? paging? 分页 | 页式调度- address translation in a paging system- 地址转换在一个页面调度系统一relocation- 再定位|重定位置- page tables- 计算机页面表? segmentation? 分段一 address translation in a segmentation system- 在分割地址转换系统10. virtual mem

19、ory 虚拟内存? principle of locality? 局部性原理? swapping and overlay? 交换和覆盖? demand paging? 请求页面调度- fetch policy- 页策略- placement policy- 放置策略- replacement policy- 置换策略t optimal policyt 最佳策略t first-in, first-out (fifo)t 先进先出t least recently used (lru)t 至少最近用t not used recently (nur)t clock policyt 时钟策略一 page fault