初中英语句子成分分析-T

1、初中英语句子成份英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类 在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只冇搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分, 才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出 地道的英语。主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语 （attribute）、状语（adverbial）和补语（complement）。-：s v （主 + 谓）二：s v p （主+系+表）三：s v 0 （主+谓+宾）四：s v o 0 （主+谓+间宾+直宾）五：s v 0 c （主+谓+宾+宾补

2、）1. 主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、 不定式或动名词等充当。如：1. t he car is ru nning fast./the girl c an sing many english son gs.（名词）2. we ar e students./ this is my pen . yours is onthe d esk.（代i司）3. shanghaione of my classm atesis from ./ two and three is fi ve.（数词）4. the b lind need mo re help.（名词化的形容词）5

3、. it's ba d manners to spit in pub lie. 定式）6. ea ting too muc h is bad for your health （动名词）7. 名词化的过去分词用作主语。如：the disabled ar e to receive more money.残痰人将得到更多的救济金。the deceased died of old age.死者死于年老。8. 副词用作主语。如：now is the time.现在是吋候了9. 从句用作主语。如：whenever you are ready wil i be fine.你无论什么时候准备好都行。句

4、子用作主语。如：”h ow do you do ?” is a gre eting. “你好”是一 句问候语。二谓语10.11. 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语（不定 式短语）放在句后。.2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动 词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系 动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略切的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词 与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：1. 由单一动词作谓语：we are chi nese. / he h as an englis h- chinese d ictiona

5、ry.2. 情态动词加主要动词：we c an play the piano. / you must see th e doctor.3. 助动词加主要动词构成谓语：sh e is talking with her si ster. / i ha ve seen this man before.【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方而要相互照应。3.英语常用某些动作名词代 替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have, get, take,give 等。如：（1）. i had a swim yesterday.我昨天游了 一次水 （had a swim代替了 swam）

6、 （2）. take a look at that!你看看那个！ （take a look 代替了 look） （3）. he gave a sigh.他叹了 口气。（gave a sigh 代替了 s ighed） （4）.i got a good shake-up.我受到了很人的震动。（a g ood shake-up 代 替了 was shaken up thorou ghly（充分，彻底的）3. 表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分 词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look, ge t, sound（听起来，feel, become，smell, tur

7、n , taste（尝起来等。如:4. they are workers.（名词）5. two and thre e is five.（数词6. the story is very inte resting.（形容i司）7. m y job（工作）is teaching english.（动名词）8. she is at h ome.（介词短语）9. i feel terribl e.（形容词）10. the d ish tastes d elicious.（形容词）11. he is here （副词）12. it's ge tting dark./ he got ver y ang

8、ry. /t he hill has turned green .（形容词）13. all i could do was to wait.我只能等待。（不定式）14. im very pleas ed with what he has done.我对他所做的很满意。（过分15. is that w hy you were angry?从句16. 能做系动词的实义动词：come , go , run,turn，get ,become , ke ep , stay，make （表变化的动词）fell, sound,smell，look，taste （感观动词） seem，appear （似乎，好像

9、）例如：1. our dream has come true.我的 梦想实现了。（come 后常;easy ,loo se natural 等）2. he fell sick.他 病丫。keep fit.保重。keep 作4系动词还常接 quiet，calm , cool, well, warm , silent，clean, dry 3. the well ran dry.这 口井干枯了。（short，loose，wil d，cold 等）4. a thin person always seems to be t aller than h e really is.个瘦个子似乎比他的实际高度要

10、高些。4, 宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，是动作的对象或承受者。一般由名词、代 词、不定式及动名词等充当。如：17. h e is doing h is homework./ i saw a p lane inthe sky just now .（名词）18. they did nothing this morning ./ i met hi m onmy way home.（代词）19. i w ant three./please pass me the first.（数词）20. she wa nts to go ho me.（不定式）21. wee njoy playing footba

11、ll.（动名词）22. 8. do you understand w hat i mean?你明白我的意思吗？（从句）23. 【注意】有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类 动词常见的有:give, buy, lend, pass，tell, leave 等。如:24. he bought m e a book.25. pas s me the bal i, will you?（间宾 + 直宾）26. 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间 接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如：27. h an chen lent some money to li h

12、ai.（直宾 + 间宾）28. xiao li u bought a d ictionary fo r tom.（直宾 + 间宾）29. 有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有：want, wish, hope, promise, decide, agree, choose， care 等。如:30. i hope to see you again.31. 冇的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。这类动词冇：enjoy, finish, mind, practise，miss, suggest, keep （on）等。如：32. do y ou mind my o penin

13、g the w indow?33. 有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。34. a）forget to do表示"未发生的动作，forget doi ng表示已完成的动作。 如：35. don't for get to come here earlier tomorrow.（还没来）36. i forgot returning th e book to hi m.（书己还给他了）37. b）stop to do（不定式为状语）表示"停下38. 原来的事，去做另一件事，stop doing表示停止做某事。如：39. i stopped to t alk with hi

14、m .（我停下来与他谈话。40. the students stopped tai king when th e teacher ca me in.（老师进來时学生们停止谈话。41. 注意：英语中带有宾语的谓语动词叫及物动词，不带宾语的叫不及物动 词。及物动词后必须跟上宾语意义才完整，不及物动词木身意义己完整, 后面不跟宾语。42. you ma y use my pen . / do you i ike fish?（及物）43. dick swim s very well./ the sun r ises in the east.（不及物）44. 不及物动词可加介词再加宾语45. we ar

15、e liste ning to the music.46. they a re talking t o each other.既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词的词：47. we are growing tomatoes. /tomatoes gro w well in ou r garden.48. shanghaithe y leftyest erday. / the y left yeste rday.49. my moth er teaches i n this schoo i. / she tea ches english .50. we are stud ying. / we s

16、tudy english 51. we began ou r lesson at nine. / the lecture bega n at nine.5. 直接宾语与间接宾语。52. 有些及物动词可带有两个宾语，其中一个指物（直接宾语），另一个指人（间接宾语）。我们称为双宾语。53. 动词+间接宾语（人）4直接宾语（物）he lent me a book. /he bought m e a pen. / i have taught myself engl ish for ten years.54. 动词+直接宾语（物）+ （to, for） +间接宾语（人）he gave his so n

17、some advic e. = he gave some advice to his son.father bough t me a compu ter. = fathe r bought a c omputer for me.宾语屮有些动词需要两个同等的宾语，即直接宾语（direct object）与间接宾语 （indirect o bject）。直接宾语一般指动作的承受者，间接宾语指动作所向的或所 为的人和物（多指人），具有这种双宾语的及物动词叫做与格动词（dative verb）, 常用的有：answer，bring,buy, do, find，get, give, hand, keep

18、, leave, lend, make, offer，owe, pass，pay, play, promise,read, save,sell, send,show, sing,take等，间接宾语一般须与直接宾语连用，通常放在直接宾语之前。如：i have found him a place.我给他找到了一个职位。6. 定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。 如：55. what a be dutiful kite it is! / the y have a cle ver son.（形容词）56. she is a c hemistry tea cher. /

19、it i s a colour f ilm.（名词）57. ther e are two st udents in th e classroom.（数词）58. this son g is better thanthaton e.（代词）59. do yo u know the y oung man ove r there?（副词）60. we have som ething to do tomorrow.（不定式）61. the man i n blue is my brother.（介词短语）62. a walking stick 拐杖 si eeping pnis 安眠药 eating

20、implements 吃饭用具 learning method 学习方法63. the car thats parked ou tside is min e.停在外面的午是我的。64. 【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短 语作定语，则放在后面。7. 状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定 式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在 句首或句末。如：65. thank you very much.（副词表示程度66. the ol d man is wal king slowly.（副词表示方式）67. he us

21、ually gets up at six.（副词表示时间）68. we al i wouk here.（副词表示地点）69. i g et up at fiv e in the mor ning.（介词短语表示时间）70. he is stu dying hard s o as to catc h up with ot hers.（不定式短'语）71. we were havi ng breakfast when the te lephone rang .（从句）72. 【注意】eno ugh作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如：73. he is old enough to go to s

22、ch ool.74. chinachicago八.状语状语（adverbial）是修饰动词、形容词、副词 以及全句的句子成分。如：1. the girl i s improving remarkably.这个女 孩大有进步。2.可用作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、 不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。（1）。副词最常用作状语，位罝比 较灵活，可置句末、句首和句中。he speaks th e language b adly but rea d it well.这种语言，他讲得不好，iffi阅读能力很强。natur ally we expect hotel guests to lock t

23、heir doors.当我们期望旅馆的旅客把房门锁 上。3.状语按用途来分，可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、 目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等（1）。时间状语，多位于句末 和句首，有时亦可置于句中shall we do the shopping to day or tomor row? innow leads the world. （2）.地点状语，多置于句末，冇吋也位于句 首和句屮。the re are plent y of fish in the sea. sh e kissed her mother on the platform（月台）.（3）。原因状语，包括表理由的状语，多

24、置于句 末，有时亦可置于句首。because h e was ill ,t om lost his job. i eat p otatoes because i like them. （4）.结果状语，多由不定式、分词和从句 表示，常位于句末。she woke（醒）suddenly to find someone standingin the doorway. she spoke so softly th at i couldnt hear what she said. （5 ）. h的状语，多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表示，常位于句末，强 调0可以置于勾首。he ran for shelte

25、r （隐蔽处）.他跑去避雨。in order to get into a good school,! must study even harder. （6）.条件状语。多 由短语和从句表示，常置于句末和句首。well be lucky to get there before dark. if he were to come, wh at should we say to him?（7）.让步 状语，由短语和从句表示，常置于句末和句首。for al i his money,he didnt s eem happy.他尽管有钱，但似乎并不幸福。he helped me although he di

26、dnt know me. （8）.程度状语。常由副词、介词短语及从句 等表示。the lecture is very interes ting. to wha t extent wou id you trust them?你对他们信任程度如何？.伴随状语，常由短语和独立主 格等表示。对位于句末和句首。my train starts at si x, arriving atat ten. he stood the re，pipe（烟斗）in mouth.（1 ）.容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前，后有逗号。tired and sleepy, i we nt to bed.我又累又闲，就去睡了。有

27、时可以置于主语之后，前后都有逗号， 与非限定性定语相似。如：the man, cruel beyond belief,didnt liste n to their p leadings.那人不可置疑地残酷，不听取他们的恳求。（2）.可以用做宾语补语 的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等1.th ey named the child jimmy 他们将孩子命名为吉米。（名词用作并与补语）2.my mother looks so you ng that you would think her my sister.我的母亲面很嫩，你会以 为她是我知姐姐（名4短语作宾语补语）3.he b

28、oiled th e egg hard.她将鸡蛋 煮老丫。（形容词用作宾语补语）3.i found the bo ok very inte resting.我发现那 本书很有趣。（形容词短语用作宾补）4.the comrades wan ted dr. beth une to take cover.同忐们要白求恩大夫隐赦一下。（不定式用作宾语补语）5.i call this robbing peter to pay paul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补两墙。（动名作宾补6.dont take hi s kindness for granted.不要把他的友善看作是当然的事。8. 宾语补足语：用于补充

29、说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补 足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell, let，hel p，teach, ask , see, have, or der, make等。"宾补一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、 形容词等充当。如：75. we elected him monitor. / （名词）76. i fo und it diffi cult to lear n english we ii./ the su n keeps us w arm./ wefin d the story very interes ting.（形容词）77. i found her i n the room.（介词短语）78. please let him in./ i saw him out withxia oli.（副词）79. the doctor told me to do mo re exercise.（不定式短语）80. he is going to ha ve his hair cut.（过去分词）81. th ey saw a bir d flying in the s