化学系专业外语课件3.Chapter 2 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds

1、The name of the positive ion is given first , followed by the name of the negative ion. Examples are:CaCl2 calcium chlorideFeBr2 iron() bromide(NH4)2SO4 ammonium sulfateFe(ClO4)2 iron() perchlorateNaHCO3 sodium hydrogen carbonateIn practice, compounds containing metal atoms, regardless of the type o

2、f bonding involved, are ordinarily named as if they were ionic. For example, the compound AlCl3 and SnCl4 , in both of which the bonding is primarily covalent, are named as follows:AlCl3 aluminum chlorideSnCl4 tin() chloride2.2 Binary Compounds of the NonmetalsWhen a pair of nonmetals form only one

3、compound, that compound may be named quite simply. The name of the element whose symbol appears first in the formula is written first. The second portion of the name is formed by addition the suffix -ide to the stem of the name of the second nonmetal.Examples include：HCl hydrogen chlorideH2S hydroge

4、n sulfideNF3 nitrogen fluorideIf more than one binary compound is formed by a pair of nonmetals, as is most often the case , the Greek prefixes di = two, tri = three, tetra = four, penta = five, hexa = six, and so on, are used to disignate ?dezigneit the number of atoms of each element. Thus, the ox

5、ides of nitrogen are named:N2O5 dinitrogen pentoxideN2O4 dinitrogen tetroxideNO2 nitrogen dioxideN2O3 dinitrogen trioxideNO nitrogen oxideN2O dinitrogen oxideA great many of the best known binary compounds of the nonmetals have acquired common names which are widely and, in some cases, exclusively u

6、sed. These include：H2O water PH3 phosphineH2O2 hydrogen peroxide AsH3 arsineNH3 ammonia NO nitric oxideN2H4 hydrazine N2O nitrous oxideThe names of some of the more common oxygen acids are listed as follows:H2CO3 carbonic acid H2SO3 sulfurous acidH3BO3 boric acid HClO4 perchloric acidHNO3 nitric aci

7、d HClO3 chloric acidHNO2 nitrous acid HClO2 chlorous acidH2SO4 sulfuric acid HClO hypochlorous acidIt is of interest to compare the names of these oxyacids to those of the corresponding oxyanions listed previously. Note that oxyanions whose names end in -ate are derived from acid whose names end in

8、-ic. Compare, for example, CO32- (carbonate) and H2CO3 (carbonic acid), NO3- (nitrate) and HNO3 (nitric acid), ClO4- (perchlorate) and HClO4 (perchloric acid). Oxyanions whose names end in -ite are derived from acids whose names end in -ous.Thus, NO2- (nitrite) and HNO2 (nitrous acid); ClO- (hypochl

9、orite) and HClO (hypochlorous acid).2.3 Oxyacids2.4 Coordination Compounds (配位化合物配位化合物)The nomenclature of compounds containing complex ions in which ametal atom is held by coodinate covalent bond to two or more ligands is perhaps more involved(复杂难懂的复杂难懂的) than that of any other type of inorganic co

10、mpound. Several rules are required, the more pertinent(相相关的关的) of which are as follows：(1) As in simple ionic compounds, the cation is named first, followed by the anion.(2) If there is more than one ligand of a particular type attached to thecentral atom, Greek prefixes are used to indicate the num

11、ber of these ligands. Where the name of the ligand itself is complex (e.g. ethylenediammine), the number of such ligands is indicated by the prefixes bis- or tris- instead of di- or tri- and the name of the ligand is enclosed in parenthesis.(3) In naming a complex ion, the names of ionic ligands are

12、 writtenfirst, followed by those of neutral ligands, and finally that of the central metal. This is exactly the reverse of the order in which the groups are listed in the formula of the complex ion; the symbol of the central atom is written first, followed by the formula of neutral ligands and then

13、those of negatively charged ligands. In writing the formula of coordination compound, the formula of the complex ion is often set off by brackets.(4) The names of anionic ligands are modified by substituting the suffix -o for the usual ending.Thus we have: Cl- chloro CO32- carbonato OH- hydroxo CN-

14、cyanoThe names of neutral ligands are ordinarily not changed. Two important exceptions are: H2O aquo NH3 ammineThe last two compounds are often referred to as potassium ferricyanide and potassium ferrocyanide respectively .K3Fe(CN)6 potassium hexacyanoferrate()K4Fe(CN)6 potassium hexacyanoferrate()(5) The oxidation number of the central metal atom is indicated by aRoman numeral following the name of the metal. If the complex is an anion, the suffix -ate is added, often to the Latin s