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1、介词的用法一、介词的定义:介词为虚词,是一种用来表示词与词或者词与句之间的关系的词,在句中不能单独作句成分。介词一定要有宾语,构成介词短语(即介宾结构),才能充当句子成分。充当宾语的一般有名词、相当于名词的其它词、代词、形容词、短语或句子、短语或从句等,介词短语在句中常作定语、状语、表语和补足语。二、介词的分类:1简单介词:about, across, after, against, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beside, between, beyond, but, by, down, during, except, for, fro

2、m, in, like, of, off, on, over, near, past, round, since, through, till, to, toward(s), under, until, up, with, per, via;2合成介词:inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without;3短语介词:according to, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in front of, inste

3、ad of, on account of, on behalf of, owing to, due to, up to。4双重介词:如from behind, from among, until after, at about等。三、介词的宾语1名词:Lets go for a walk along the river. 咱们到江边散散步。2代词:Hes standing in front of me. 我站在我前面。3形容词:Her pronunciation is far from perfect. 她的语音远不是完美的。【注意】有的形容词前可看作是省略了being。4动名词:Hes go

4、od at drawing.他善长绘画。 5过去分词:I took it for granted that she was for England.我还以为她是英国的。【注意】过去分词作介词宾语只限于takefor granted, regardas, than expected后。6不定式:I had no choice but to lie down. 除了躺下外我别无选择。She did nothing but cry.她只是哭。【注意】介词后通常是不能用不定式作宾语,只有表示“除外”的介词but能接不定式作宾语。前面有行为动词do时,不定式不用 to,否则要带to。 7疑问词+不定式:

5、I dont know how to improve my English.我不知道如何提高我的英语水平。8副词:I didnt know it until recently. 直到最近我才知道此事。9数词:He was among the first to arrive. 他是第一批到的。10介词短语:She wont go home until after the exam. 她要考完试之后再回家。11从句:Think of what I said. 想想我说的话。Im worried about where he is. 我担心他上哪儿去了。I have doubts about whe

6、ther (不用if) he is the best man for the job. 我怀疑他是否做这项工作的最好人选。He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。【注意】除except that, in that等后可接that从句外,介词通常只接连接代词、连接副词及whether引导的从句,也不接if引导的从句。四、介词的作用:1作定语:The key to the door is missing. 门上的钥匙丢了。【注意】介词短语作定语总是放在它所修饰的名词后面。2作状语:Marx

7、 stayed in Belgium for some time and then went to France. 马克思在比利时带了一段时间,然后去了法国。3作表语:Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。I always find her at her studies. 我经常发现她在学习。4作宾语补足语:Make yourself at home. 别拘谨。5作介词宾语:I saw her from across the street. 我从街对面望见了她。五、常见介词的基本含义:(一)about 1. 关于,对于 a book about shi

8、ps 关于船舶的书2. 在四周/周围(常用在动词后面),在一带/附近/身边Gather about the table 围桌而坐Have you a pen about you? 你带着笔吗?3. 在各处,去各处 take the foreign guests about the campus 带外宾参观校园4. (时刻、大小、数量等)近于,大约 We left there about six o'clock. 我们大约在6点钟离开那里的。5. 纲要,正准备(常构成be about to)He was about to leave. 他正想离开。【短语】what about/how a

9、bout 怎么样? - 34 - 叶文斌argue about争论 ask about询问 bring about带来care about在意 chat about闲聊complain about报怨go about着手 hear about听说 hesitate about 对犹豫不决 inquire about打听 know about了解 look about 环顾四周quarrel about争吵 see about+n/doing sth. 安排,着手处理 set about doing sth. 着手干某事talk about谈论 think about考虑 worry about

10、担心 be anxious about 为着急be careless about 对不关心be cautious about 对谨慎be concerned about 关心be crazy about为发狂be curious about 对好奇 be excited about为激动 be mad about为发疯 be nervous about对紧张be skeptical about 对怀疑be particular about对挑剔be worried about担心(二)above1. (表示位置、职位等)在上面1,000 meters above sea level 海拔100

11、0米2. (表示数量、年龄等)在以上It weighs above 5 tons. 这东西重5吨以上。3. (表示品质、行为、能力等)超出之上The problem is above me. 这个问题我不懂。【短语】above all 首先above all things 最above sea level 海拔above zero 零度以上above oneself 自高自大,兴高采烈above average 超过平均水平的(三)across1. (从表面)横过,穿过,越过,经历a bridge across a river 跨越河流的桥 across the century 在整个世纪2.

12、 在的另一边,在的对面across the sea 在大海的那一边3. 与交叉with a gun across one's shoulder 肩上扛着枪4. 与偶然相遇,偶然发现come across an old friend 偶遇老友【短语】across the street 大街的对面 come across 偶遇get sth. across (to sb.)使被理解,把讲清楚(四)after1. (时间)在以后,(位置)在后面the day after tomorrow后天 Shut the door after you.随手关门。2. (顺序)跟在后面,(地位或重要性)低

13、于、次于After you! 你先请!He ranked Johnson after Shakespeare. 他给琼森确定的位置上仅仅次于莎士比亚。3. (一个)接着(一个)day after day 一天又一天4. (与某些动词连用)以为追求目标,关于What are you after? 你在追求什么?5. 仿照,依照,与相称/相符a play after Shakespeare模仿莎士比亚的剧本【短语】run after sb. 追踪某人,追逐某人after all 毕竟,别忘了look after 照顾be after 寻找one after another 一个接一个one aft

14、er the other 逐个year after year 年复一年go after 最求,谋求;追赶take after 像(五)against1. 逆,(反)对,违反walk against the wind 逆风行走 work against 对不利2. 倚在,紧靠着lean against the wall 倚在墙上3. 以为背景,以为衬托,与对照a design of flowers against a dark wall 深色墙上的花卉图案4. 以为抵御/抵抗的对象a drug against cancer 抗癌药【短语】against one's will 违背某人的意

15、愿be against 反对go against 违反,违背fight against 与作斗争(六)along1. 沿着,循着go for a walk along the road沿路散步2. 在的过程中Somewhere along the journey I lost my hat. 在旅途中的某处我把帽子丢了。【短语】all along 一直 get along with sb./sth. 和某人相处/某事进展【注意】along 沿着,与一起;along with 随着,和(七)among1. 在中间,在之中a village among the hills 群山环抱的村庄2. 在的

16、群体(或一类)中 rank among the greatest writers 在最伟大的作家之列【注意】among在之中或之内,of all 在之中【短语】be popular among 在中流行 among other things 别的一些东西(八)around(around和round作前置词和副词时,意义基本相同,around多用于美国,round多用于英国)1. 在周围,朝四周,环绕The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。2. 在各处,在附近chairs around the room 满屋子的椅子3. 大约 around two o&#

17、39;clock 两点钟左右【短语】around here 在这一带show sb. around sth. 带来某人参观某地travel around a place 周游某地around the country 全国(九)at1 (表示小地点或位置)在(场所)里,在上,在(某一点)at the station 在车站 at the edge of town 在市区的边缘at the center of2 (表示在黎明、午夜、点与分,目前,日落等小时间概念)在时(刻)(某一点)at five oclock at the age of fifteen at dawn/at sunrise3 处

18、于状态,正在之中at war/play/peace4 在方面 be good at learning 善于学习5 向(某一点),朝方向,以为目标 keep on at sb. 跟某人纠缠不清6 以速度/速率/价格/代价/温度at the speed of /at the rate of at a low cost 以低成本at sixty miles an hour be sold at three yuan a dozen7 从事于,忙于 at school 在上学at table 在吃饭8 表示“见/闻而” at the news【短语】at a distance在一定距离at a hei

19、ght of 以高度at a loss不知所措 at a time 一次at all根本at any cost不惜代at any time 在任何时候at any rate 不管怎样at birth 出生时at dawn 拂晓时at daybreak 在黎明at dinner 在吃饭时at ease 自在地at first起初at first sight 第一眼at hand手头 at heart内心里at home在家里 at last最后at (the) least至少at length 终于/详细地atlevel(某一)级的at (the) most最多at once马上at one t

20、ime曾经at one stroke 一下子at ones own expense由某人自己支出at ones service 听某人吩咐,听凭某人使用at peace安息,和好,和睦at play在玩耍at present目前 at press在排印 at school在读书 at sea航行 at stake 生死悠关at table 在用餐 at times 有时,间或at the age of 在岁at the beginning of 在的开始at the corner of 在的角落at the cost of 以.为代价at the edge of在边缘at the end of

21、在结束 at the front of 在前面at (the) latest 最迟,最晚at the mercy of 任由摆布at the mention of 一提到at the news 一听到这个消息at the post office/the airportat the price of 以为代价at the risk of 冒的危险at the request of sb. 应某人的请求at the same time 同时at the sight/sound of一看到/一听到at the speed of at the top of在顶上at the thought of 一想

22、到at the same time同时at the weekendat times有时at war在交战 at will任意at work在上班aim at瞄准,目标是arrive at 到达 be alarmed at对警觉be angry at 恼怒于be astonished at因吃惊be clever at 对很灵巧be delighted at因而高兴 be disappointed at失望be disgusted at厌恶be good at 擅长于 be bad at不擅长 be impatient at对无耐心be pleased at对感到高兴be quick at对很机

23、敏be shocked at震惊 be skilled at对熟练 be surprised at吃惊be satisfied at 对感到满意 be terrified at对感到恐惧call at访问某地catch at当场抓住 come at攻击,扑向drop in at顺便参观某地fire at向开火glare at怒目而视glance at 一瞥,一看glimpse at 一瞥,一看(get/catch a glimpse of sth. 瞥见)knock at敲击laugh at嘲笑 look at看着pull at拉扯push ahead at 努力干某事push ahead w

24、ith 推行,推进shoot at向射击smile at向微笑 stare at注视着work at 从事,致力于,钻研(克服困难完成任务)(十)as 作为,如同As his friend, my opinions are probably biased. 作为他的朋友,我的意见很可能有不公之处。【短语】as a result 结果as expected/usual/before 像as far as 和一样的远as far as I am concerned/I can see 就我看来as follows 如下as for/to 就来说,关于,至于as from 从时起might as w

25、ell do sth. 不妨,还是做的好as much 也,同样的(事)(作宾语,定语)as if/though 好像as of 在时,到时为止such as 比如such as to 到如此的程度以至于(作表语)so as to 如此以至于as (it) is/they were 像它现在这个样子/像他们过去那个样子as it is/was 实际上as it were 可以说,在某种程度上as scheduled 按照规定的时间as time goes on 随着时间的推移as/so long as 只要就as/so/such/the sameasasas possible 尽可能as so

26、on as 一就as with 和一样as well 也,同样地(作状语)as yet 至今,迄今(十一)behind1 在后面,在(向、到)的背后He sat behind me. 他坐在我的后面。2 (表贬义)落后于,不如I am behind him in drawing. 我画画不如他。3 作的后盾,支持I am right behind you in your application. 我完全支持你的申请。【短语】leave sth. behind sb. 身后留下某物fall behind落伍behind peoples back 背后 behind schedule 迟到,落于计

27、划之后behind the times 落后于时代behind the scene 幕后(十二)below1 (表示位置、职位)在下面100 meters below sea level 海平面下100米 the caption below the picture 图画下面的说明 be below sb. in social standing 在社会地位上低于某人2 (表示数量、程度、年龄等)在以下ten degrees below zero零下10度3 (表示能力)低于【短语】Below there! 下面当心!(十三)beside1 在旁边,在附近walk beside sb. 走在某人的

28、旁边2 与相比,比得上Beside yours, my share seems small. 同你的那一份相比,我的一份显得少了。【短语】beside oneself with joy 欣喜若狂 beside the point 跑题,不关正题(十四)besides 除之外(还)This design has many other advantages besides lower cost.这个设计除了费用低外,还有许多其它优点。【注意】besides/as well as/in addition to 除之外(包括);aside from/apart from除之外(包括,不包括);exce

29、pt/but/other than(不包括)。(十五)between1 在(两者、空间、时间、数量)之间,在中间 We must meet between now and Friday. 我们必须在本周五之前开会。an argument between a man and his wife 夫妻之间的争吵2 在三者以上的人或物中两两相互间,联系着,涉及到a bond between friends 朋友之间的纽带3 (来往于)之间The ship sails between Shanghai and Tianjin.【短语】between ourselves 私下,秘密between the

30、lines 字里行间in between 在中间,介乎两者之间(十六)beyond1 (表示位置)在(或向)的那边,远于Beyond those hills there is a river. 群山的那边有一条河。2 (表示时间)迟于Some shops keep open beyond midnight. 有些商店营业到半夜以后。3 (表示范围、限度)超出,非所及,不能够beyond this country's jurisdiction越出本国的管辖范围【短语】beyond all doubts 毫无疑问beyond compare 无以伦比beyond description 无

31、法描述beyond doubt 无疑beyond imagination 超出想象beyond ones power 是某人能力所不及的beyond ones reach 够不着beyond praise 夸不胜夸beyond price 无价之宝beyond words 无法形容(十七)but 除了(多和nobody, nothing, who等代词连用)【短语】all but 除了以外全部anything but 决不but for/that 要不是cant help but do sth. 不得不做nothing but 仅仅,只不过next door but one 隔壁过去一家not

32、 A but B 不是A而是Bno A but B 除了B,没有Anone but只有,除之外没有人the last but one 倒数第二(十八)by1. 在旁边,靠近、接近stand by the door by the village2. 在身边,在手头I have got a medical handbook by me. 我手头有一本医疗手册。3. 沿着,经过,由enter by the back door从后门进入4. 经过的旁边go by the old cottage 经过破旧的乡间小屋5. (表示时限)不迟于,到时间(为止)finish the task by the en

33、d of the month6. (表示泛指的方式、手段)靠,用,通过travel by air/land/sea by bus by land by means of(用方法)by way of(经由)by doing sth. by hand(手工)by post(由邮局传递)by letter(用写信的方式)by electricity by hard work,7. (by + the + 单位名词)根据,按照sell by the pound论磅出售 be paid by the month8. (表示动作的执行者)被,由 be killed by a bullet中弹身亡9. 相差

34、increase by 30%增加了30%10. 表示面积a room 5m by 4m一间长5米宽4米的房间【短语】by accident 偶然by and large 总的说来by and by不久,很快by any means 以任何方法by accident/chance 偶然地by birth 出身by chance 碰巧地by degrees 一点一点地,逐渐地by foot (=on foot) 步行by force 通过武力by hand 用手by mistake由于差错by nature 天性by no means 绝不by now/then 到现在/那时为止by onese

35、lf 单独地by the way 顺便提一下by far 得多,最by radio/through the radio/on the radioby/through/from practiceby telephone/on the telephoneday by day 一天天地(强调变化)/year by yearone by one 一个接一个side by side 肩并肩,一起little by little 逐渐地step by step 逐步地aside by 遵守end by 以结束know by 靠认识learnby heart 记住mean by 说的意思是stand by

36、支持take by surprise 出其不意地(十九)down1 沿着往下,往下进入,通过往下,向的底部run down a hill跑下山2 往(河流)的下游,在(河流)的下游sail down the river 顺流而下3 由(郊区)往(市区)down town在市中心4 沿着(街道、海岸等)walk down the street沿街走去【短语】be down for 被列入名单中做事be down on ones luck倒霉blow down 吹倒close down 关闭(永久) write down 写下 bend down 弯下bow down 鞠躬 break down

37、坏了,中止bring down 降低 burn down 烧掉 clean down 弄干净 cool down 冷静下来 copy down 抄下die down平息;熄灭get down吞下;记下;使沮丧go down下降,降沉,下沉hand down传下来hold down 压低 knock down 撞倒 lay down 放下,制定(规定)let down 使失望lie down 躺下 note down 记下pour down 倾盆而下pull down=tear down拆毁put down 放下/记下/ 平息 rub down 擦干净set down 写下 settle dow

38、n 平静下来 slow down 慢下来step down 走下来 take down 记下turn down 调小音量,拒绝wash down 冲淡(二十)during 在的整个期间,在期间的某一时候during the day/the summer/the last few years/the vacation/my illness(二十一)except 除之外Every one of us, except him, went to see the exhibition. 除了他以外,我们都去参观了展览会。【短语】except for除了外(二十二)far from远离;远非,远不,完全不

39、,决不能(表示否定)wander far from home 漫步来到离家很远的地方She is far from satisfaction. 她很不满意。(二十三)for1. (表示期望的目标)为了What did you do that for? 你为何那样做?2. (表示对象、用途)为,对于,适合于one's feeling for sb. 对某人的感情3. (表示目标、去向)往,向leave for home动身回家head for the train station往火车站去4. (表示交换的等值或比例关系)换$10 for a hat 10 元一顶帽子5. (表示愿望、爱好

40、、特长等)对于an eye for beauty 对美的鉴赏力6. (表示时间、距离、数量的长度)达,计get rich harvests for several years7. 代、替,代表teach for sb. 为某人代课8. 赞成,拥护,有利于,倾向于vote for sb. 投某人的票9. (表示原因)由于,因为jump for joy 高兴得跳起来10. 虽然,尽管For all your explanation, I Understand no better than before. 尽管你作了解释,我还是不懂。11. 至于,就而言So much for today. 今天就到

41、这里。【短语】as for 就来说for a change 为了改变一下for days 数日for example/instance 例如for free 免费地for fun/entertainment 娱乐for long 长期地,长久地for ones good 为某人for one thing, for another 一方面,另一方面for nothing 免费地,不要钱地;徒然for sale出售for some reason or other 不知道什么原因for the first time 第一次for the present 现在,这会儿for the purpose o

42、f 为了目的for the sake/reason of 因为for the time being暂时It is time for 到了的时候了account for 说明原因解释,解释(原因)allow for = make allowance for计算,估计,考虑answer for 为负责apologize tofor 因为向道歉apply for 申请ask for 向要,索取be bad for 对有害be desperate for 渴望be eager for 渴望be for 赞成be fit for 适合be suitable for (to) 适合be good for

43、有益于be known for 因而出名be famous for 因而出名be meantintended for 打算给,打算用作be to blame for 被责备be ready for 准备好 be responsible for 对负责beg for 乞求blame sb. for sth. 责备某人某事call for 要求,需要care for 关心,喜爱,照顾chargefor 索价claim for = make a claim for 声称应得到compensate sb. for sth. 因为某事给某人补偿count for重要,有价值depart for 出发de

44、sire for渴望go in for从事have an appetite for 喜欢have/keep an eye for 对有眼力hope/wish/long for 希望,渴望invite sb. for dinner 请某人吃饭fight for 为而战,争取forgivefor 因为原谅head for 朝去hunt for 寻找leave for奔赴,出发look/search/hunt for寻找look/watch out for 警惕或留心某人某事make a beeline for 径直朝某人或某物走过去make a dive for向猛冲make for 走向, 有利

45、于, 倾向于make up for弥补损失pay for 付款 praise sb. for sth. 赞扬某人某事prepare for 为作准备push for 奋力夺取,力求取得price for/respect for reach for 伸手去拿search forseek afterfor 追求,征求,寻求send for 派人去请set out for 到 set sail for 出发stand for 象征 starve for 渴望take A for B 把A当成Btake it for granted that认为是理所当然的testify for/against/to

46、 证明thankfor 因感谢wait for等待 work for为工作,努力(二十四)from1. (表示地点)从,从开始live from 1910 to 1980生于1910卒于19802. (表示来源)源自,从中a letter from Australia 澳大利亚来信3. (表示根据)据,从judging from the information根据信息判断4. (表示原因、动机)make ones fortunate from investing in property投资房地产发财5. (表示原料)由Steel is made from iron. 钢是由铁炼成的。6. (表

47、示情况、状态的转变)从Things went from bad to worse. 情况越来越糟。7. (表示脱离、离开)离Why was he absent from school yesterday? 他昨天为什么不上学?8. (表示去除、免掉、阻止等)What prevent you from coming?9. (表示识别、区别)know right from wrong分清是非【短语】apart from除了之外(不包括或包括)aside from 除了之外(不包括或包括)from beginning to end从头到尾from morning till night from no

48、w on从现在起,今后from the beginning从一开始from time to time不时地from side to side 左右地from bad to worse 越来越糟far from远远不是be different from 与不同be far from远离,远远不是 be made from用材料做(看得见原材料)benefit from受益于 break away from脱离come from 来自date from 追溯derive from 出自,源于die from死于(外因)differfrom 区别distinguish from 区分 hear fr

49、om收到的来信 keep/stop/prevent/forbid/prohibit/ban sb. from阻止 learn from向学习,从了解到protect sb. from 保护recover from恢复result from由引起separate from与分离 suffer from 遭受(二十五)in1. (表示地点、场所、部位、阳光、灯、影)在里面,在上live in Beijing2. (表示时间,早、午、晚、年、月、年月、季节、周、将来时态)在期间,在以后at two oclock in the afternoon3. (表示过程)在当儿,在过程中be killed i

50、n action阵亡4. (表示范围、领域、方面)在之内,在方面,关于in every respect在每一方面5. (表示状态、情况)处在中be in good condition情况良好6. (表示职业、活动)从事于,参加着in the army在军队中服役7. (表示地位、形式、方式等)以,按照,符合于in the order of numbers以数字顺序8. (表示表达方式、手段、文字、语言、和原材料等)以,用 in English (ink, pencil, capital letters)9. (表示服饰)穿着,戴着,带着a girl in red10. (表示数量、程度、比例)

51、按,以;从中in millions成百万地11. (表示方向)朝,向in all directions朝四面八方地12. (表示含量)在之中There is ten yuan in the bill for transport.发票中包括运费十元。13. (表示原因、目的)由于,为了,作为write a letter in reply写封回信14. (表示动作的对象)The cause lies in the fact that 原因在于15. (表示动作的方向或结果)如中,成为(=into)come in the house进屋来【短语】in a bad moodin a low/high

52、voicein angerin a queue in a short while in advance 提前in a hurry 匆忙地in all总计in case 如果,万一in case of 以防万一in charge of 掌管,负责in comfort in common in control of 控制(主动)/in the control of 被控制(被动)(类似的还有charge/employ/occupation/possession)in conclusion 总之in English 用英语in debt in defense of 保护in detail 详细地in

53、 exchange for 作为交换in excuse of 以的借口in face of 面对in fact 事实上in favor of 支持,有利于in front of 在(整体)的前面/in the front of 在(内部)的前面in good condition 情况良好in good / poor health in good order/a mess in high/good/poor spiritsin honor of为了纪念,为了表示敬意in hopes of怀着的希望in ink in line 成一直线,成一排in line with 跟一致,符合in mind记得in memory of为了纪念in modern times in need/want/demand of需要

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