高考英语动词的时态和语态专题练习

1、嘉兴英语教学网收集整理欢迎使用高中英语语法（时态和语态）一. 动词的时态时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常见的只有九种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完 成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。（一）一般现在时（do / does）1 .具体用法1）表示经常性或习惯性动作We always care for each other and help each other.我们总是互相关心互相帮助。He goes to school every day.2）表示现在的特征或状态He is very happy.D

2、o you sing? -A little.3）表示普遍真理Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜过言语。*常与一般现在时态连用的词或短语主要有：often, usually, sometimes, every day,every morning/afternoon, on Sundays/weekends 等等。I often go to the cinema on Sundays. 我经常星期天去看电影。He goes to work early every day. 他每天上

3、班很早。（二）一般过去时（did ）（1）表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如：We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.（2）表示过去习惯性动作。例如：He always went to class last.I used to do my homework in the library.（三）一般将来时（will / shall do）1）表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如：I shall graduate next year.2

4、） 一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。如Crops will die without water.You won ' t succeed withoiiheir support.3）几种替代形式：* be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如：I'm going to buy a house when we've saved enough money.* be to +v表示计划安排要做的事，具有"必要”的强制性意义。例如：I am to play tennis this afternoon.* be about t

5、o +v表示即将发生的事情。例如：He was about to start.* be due to +v表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。例如：The train is due to depart in ten minutes.5)少数动词如：begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close 等的一般现在时可用来表示将 来的动作。(多用来表示按计划事先安排好即将发生的动作，句中通常还有一个表示将来的时间状语)。例如：The meeting begins at seven.The train starts at n

6、ine in the morning.(四)现在进行时 (is / are doing)1)表示现在某时或某段时间内正在进行的动作。常与现在进行时连用的词组是 now, right now , at the mother, for the time being , for the present, 或某个具体的时间(几点钟)。He is writing a letter now.She is visiting Beijing this week.2)有时用来代替一般现在时态，表示一个经常性动作或状态，这时是为了表示 一种感情(如赞叹，厌烦，满意，不满等)He is always thinkin

7、g of his work.( 表示赞许)The boy is always talking in class.(表示不满)3)有时用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有一个表示未来的时间的状 语)We are leaving on Friday.我们星期五动身。How many of you are coming to the party?(五)现在完成时(have / has done )(1)现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的，刚刚完成的动作(常与yet, already, just连用)，或者过去某一时刻发生的，持续到现在的情况(常与 for, since连用)。例如

8、：I have just finished my homework.Mary has been ill for three days.(2)常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since, for, during, over等引导出的短语；副词 already, yet,just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently 等；状语词组 this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present 等。例如：So far, she hasn't

9、 enjoyed the summer vacation.There have been a lot of changes since 1978.(3)完成时态可用在下列结构中：*This (That, It) is (was) the first (second.) time + 定语从句;*This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n + 定语从句;*This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级 + n +定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时；如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词通常用

10、过去完成时。例如：(1) This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.(2) There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.(六)过去进行时(was / were doing)过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后，另一个过去的动作正在进行，或表示过去反复的习惯，常与 always, continually , constantly等

11、动词连用。例如：1) We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.2) Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.(七)过去完成时(had done)(1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如：1) We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.2) By the end of

12、 last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.(2)动词 expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire 等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如：I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn't able to get away.另外两种表示"过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是：1) was / were + to have done sth, 例如：We wer

13、e to have come yesterday, but we couldn't.2) intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,如: I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.(3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：1) hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时 + when + 过去时。例如：Hardly had I got on the b

14、us when it started to move.2) no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如：No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.3) by (the end of ) +过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如：The experiment had been finished by 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon.(八)一般过去将来时1. 一般过去将来时的形式Should / would+ 动词原形was / were + 动词-ing 形式2. 一般过去将来时常用于

15、宾语从句中，其主语的谓语动词为过去时态，可表示从过去某时看来将要发 生的事情，如：He said that he would speak at the meeting.He was sixty-eight. In two years he would be seventy.(九)现在完成进行时(has / have been doing)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如：I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven't found it.运用动词

16、时态要注意的几个问题（一）在时间和条件等状语从句中不要用将来时态，如Wd ll give him the book if he wants it.He decided to fight back if he was hit again.I ' ll call you as soon as I' ve finished my work.（二）时态的一致（时态的呼应），如第4页共9页嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理欢迎使用We saw that the smoke was coming from a window.I didn ' t know if she would come.

17、He admitted that he had been on the march.* 不进行时态调整的情况：1）从句说的是一种普遍真理，如：Long ago, people didn ' t know the eares mound the sun.2）当从句的谓语改成过去时可能造成误会，如Did he say that the train leaves at 5:30?（三）瞬间动词在完成时态中的使用，如：误：I have received her letter for three months.正：I received her letter three months ago.正：

18、It is three months since I received her letter.（四）注意某些要求一定时态的句型* was/ were doing sth. whendid sth.I was reading a book when the bell rang* was/were about to do sth. when did sth.We were about to leave when the telephone rang.She was about to go out when it started to rain* 表示做事做了第几次或共几次，要用完成时态，如：It

19、' s the first time I' ve seen her.We have been there three times.* It is / has been since It is （has been） two weeks since I came here.She said it was five hours since she had finished her work.* hardly when We had hardly got in the crops when it began to rain.Hardly had we got in the crops

20、when it began to rain.* no sooner - than I had no sooner come into the room than the door was closed.No sooner had I come into the room than the door was closed.二.动词的语态语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行 者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。1） We use electricity to run machines.（主动语态）2） Electricity is used t

21、o run machines.（被动语态）1 .不能用于被动语态的动词和短语（1）在英语中，不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但有些不及物动词（包括短语）容易引起误用。如：appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist第4页共9页of。（2）某些表示状态或特征的及物动词，如： 动语态。2 .被动语态的时态形式现在 am askedam being askedis askedare asked 过去 was be askedwe

22、re be askedis being asked are being asked was being asked were being askedbecome, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit 也没有被完成时将来shall be askedwill be asked过去should be asked将来 would be askedshall have been asked will have been asked should have been askedwould have been asked常用的被动语态有下表所列的几种时态形式。

23、时间 一般时进行时3 .短语动词的被动语态短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如：1） So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.2） All the rubbish should be got rid of.4 . "get + -ed分词"的被动语态"get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果，而非动作本身，常用来表示突发性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如：The boy got hurt on his way home from work.另外，"get + -

24、ed分词"还可用于谈论为自己做的事，是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。例如：get dressed （穿衣服）get divorced （离婚）get engaged （订婚）get confused （迷惑不解）get lost （迷路）get washed （洗脸）get married （结婚）5 .被动语态与系表结构的区别（1） The novel was well written.（系表结构）（2） The novel was written by Diskens.（被动语态）6 . 不能用于被动语态的及物动词，如： have, fit, hold, lack, cost I

25、have a computer.The hall can hold 200 people.7 .主动性式表被动意义当 feel、look、smell、taste、sound 等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write 等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。第5页共9页嘉兴英语教学网收集整理欢迎使用These novels won ' t sell Wel.小说不畅销。My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。The door

26、won ' t lo'Ck不上。The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示 发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off.want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。在“be +形容词+ to do中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of wat

27、er isn ' t fit to drink.The girl isn ' t easy to get along with.另外：be to blame（受谴责），be to rent （出租）也用主动形式表被动。Choose the right answer1. They friends since they met in Shanghai.A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have had2. The secretary is going to report to the manager as soon as he.

28、A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving 3. We all know that ice.A. feel coldB. is felt sold C. is feeling cold D. feels cold4. -This cloth well and long.-OK. I ' ll take it.A. washes ; lasts B. is washed; lastedC. washes, is lasted D. is washing, lasting5. Helen her key in

29、 the office so she had to wait until her husband home.A. has left; comes B. left; had comeC. had left; came D. had left; would come6. It every day so far this week.A. is raining B. rained C. rains D. has been raining7. - Are you going to the movies tonight?-Yes, I my work by that time.A. will finish

30、 B. finish C. am going to finish D. will have finished 8. - Was the driving pleasant when you vacationed in Mexico last summer?-No, it for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.A. was rainingB. would be raining C. had been rainingD. has rained9. You won ' t know if the coat fit

31、s you until you it on.A. will try B. are trying C. tried D. have tried10. My dictionary, I have looked for it everywhere but still.A. has lost; don ' t find B. is missing; don ' t findC. has lost; haven ' t found D. is missing; haven ' t found11. - How long each other before they mar

32、ried?-For about a year.A. have they known; getB. did they know; were going to getC. do they know; are going to getD. had they known; got12. - Come in, Peter, I want to show you something.-Oh, how nice of you. I you to bring me a gift.A. never think; are goingB. never thought; were goingC. didn '

33、 t think; are goingD. hadn ' t thought; were going13. When Jack arrived he learned Mary for almost an hour.A. had gone B. had set off C. had left D. had been away14. - I' m sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. wasD. will15. The poli

34、ce found that the house and s lot of thingsA. has broken into; has been stolenC. has been broken into; stolen16. - Have you moved into the house?-Not yet. The rooms.A. are being painted B. are paintingB. had broken into; had been stolenD. had been broken into; stolenC. are painted D. are being paint

35、ing17. If the city noises from increasing, people shout to be heard at the dinner table 20 yearsfrom now.A. are not kept ; will have toB. are not kept; have toC. do not keep; will have toD. do not keep, have to18. -the sports meet might be put off.-Yes, it all depends on the weather.A. I ' ve be

36、en told B. I ' ve told C. I'm told D. I was told 19. I don ' t think Jim saw me; he into space.A. just stared （凝视） B. was just staringC. has just stared D. had just stared20. -my glasses?-Yes, I them on your bed a minute ago.A. Do you see; sawB. Had you seen; have seenC. Have you seen; s

37、awD. Would you see; saw21. - We could have walked to the station; it was so near.-Yes. A taxi at all necessary.A. wasn ' t B. hadn ' t been C. wouldn ' t be D. won ' t be22. - Who is Jerry Cooper?- ? I saw you shake hands with him at the meeting.A. Dont you meet him yetB. Hadnt you m

38、et him yetC. Didn ' t you meet him yetD. Haven ' t you met him yet23. - Nancy is not coming tonight.第9页共9页嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理欢迎使用-But she!A. promisesB. promised C. will promise D. had promised24.1 t with me and I' ll see what I can do.A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave25. It is cl

39、ear that his poor education him back.A. has been held B. is holding C. will be held D. had held26. - How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?-I yet, but I taking a train.A. haven ' t decided; am consideringB. haven ' t decided, considerC. did n' t decided; am consideringD. hadn '

40、t decided; have considered27. The pen I I is on my desk, right under my nose.A. think, lose B. thought , had lost C. think , had lost D. thought, have lost28. - Have you heard about the new school?-No, when and where to build the new one yet.A. is not decided B. are not decided C. hasn ' t decid

41、ed D. haven ' t decided29. - Sorry, I ' m late.-That ' s OK. I long.A. haven ' t waited B. don ' t wait C. haven ' t been waiting D. didn ' t wait 30. - Nancy sat in the front seat on the left side of the classroom.-Oh! I thought she in the back.A. will sit B. had sat C.

42、is sitting D. has sat31. I my face when suddenly someone at the door.A. washed, knockedB. washed, was knockingC. was washing, was knocking D. was washing, knocked32. I at the station half an hour ago, but the train yet.A. arrived, hadn ' t come B. was arriving, hadn ' t comeC. arrived, hasn

43、' t come D. had arrived, didn ' t come33. - Why did you come by taxi?-My car broke down last week and I still it repaired.A. haven ' t had B. didn ' t haveC. don ' t have D. won ' t have34. I ' m surprised to find you here looking well and playing tennis, Jim. Ann said th

44、at you sick.A. are B. were C. would be D. had been35. The price, but I doubt whether it will remain so.A. went down B. will go down C. has gone done D. was going down 36. - Did you go to Qingdao for vacation last August?-I to go, but I got sick at the last minute.A. was planningB. had been planning

45、C. planned D. have planned37. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in my life so happy.A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt38. - How are you today?-Oh, I as ill as I do now for a very long time.第8页共9页嘉兴英语教学网收集整理欢迎使用A. didn ' t feel B. wasn ' t feeling C. don ' t feel D. haven ' t felt39. The reporter said the UFO east to west when he saw it.A. was travelling B. travelled C. had been travelling D. was to travel40. - I think that you need practice on playing the violin.-violin lessons every two weeks, but I think I' ll make it ever