练习版非谓语动词考点-课堂导学案--中级班用(含解释)4k-最最修改310份

1、高三总复习非谓语动词考点课堂导学案简述：非谓语动词包括不定式(to do) 、动名词 (- ing) 、现在分词 (- ing) 与过去分词 (- ed)。非谓语动词的不同时态和语态构成：以do 为例非谓语动词种类主动语态被动语态一般式： to do一般式： to be done不定式 (to do)进行时： to be doing进行时：没有完成式： to have done完成式： to have been done动名词 ( - ing)一般式： doing一般式： being done完成式： having done完成式： having been done现在分词 ( - ing)一

2、般式： doing一般式： being done完成式： having done完成式： having been done过去分词 ( - ed)没有done要明确非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是“主动”还是“被动(或状态 )”，所表示的动作是“过去”、“现在”还是“将来”，以及和谓语动词所表示的动作是同步发生还是有先后之分；还要看固定搭配和句型。导学：分类练习与学法指导1. 不定式和动名词作主语(1) _( 抽烟 ) is prohibited( 禁止 ) here.(2) _( 学会了 ) computer is an important qualification for the job.(3

3、) Jack's suddenly _ ( 杰克的突然失踪 ) made them worried.(4) I found it impossible for him_(do) the job alone.(5) It is no use/good _(学法指导哭).规则 1：动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作，而不定式作主语表示具体动作，如：(1) 。规则 2：动名词和不定式的完成式表示该动作比谓语动词动作先发生，如：(2)。规则 3：动名词的独立主格结构：当动名词带逻辑主语时，只可在其前加上物主代词或名词的所有格，如：(3)。规则 4：不定式及动名词短语作主语时可转换成it 作形式主语，

4、如：(4) 、 (5)。2. 不定式和动名词作宾语(1)Do you mind my/me_ （ read） your paper?(2)I regretted _( 没有采取 ) her advice.(3)I appreciate_( 给 ) the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.(4)You would be well advised _(stay) indoors.The teacher advised_(take) a different approach.(5)The road is covered with some fall

5、en trees and they need _ (remove ) immediately.(6) Don't you remember _(see) the man before? You must remember to leave tomorrow.(7) I should like _(see) him tomorrow.(8) There is no use _( 哭 ) over spilt milk.(9) He had a good time in_( travel) abroad this summer vacation.(10) They can't lo

6、se time_( play) computer games as usual.(11)There is no _(tell) what he is going to do.(12)Last night I did nothing but _(watch) TV.The doctor told him nothing but _(stop) smoking.(13)When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but _(believe) that the public willappreciate his gif

7、t.(14)We don't want there to be any comrades _(fall) behind.(15)I don't mind there _(be) a chair here.(16)There being nobody else at hand, I had _(do)by myself.(17)John didn't pass his _(drive) test, but I expected him to.学法指导规则 1：动名词作宾语时，其逻辑主语既可以是物主代词或名词的所有格，通格，如： (1)。也可以是人称代词宾格和名词的普规则

8、2：作宾语的动名词和不定式，完成式表示该动作在谓语动词动作之前发生，如：(2)。规则 3：介词以及少数动词和词组后只能用动名词作宾语，如：admit, dislike, appreciate, avoid, enjoy, bear( 忍受 ), envy, can't help( 不禁 ), delay, escape, can't stand(受不了 ), deny, excuse(借口 ), consider(考虑 ), fancy, mind,miss(错过 ), mention, finish, pardon, resist, forgive, imagine, ris

9、k, practice, suggest( 建议 ), keep, quit, put off, give up, feel like, be worth, set about, burst out, be/get/become used to( 习惯于 ), look forward to, pay attention to, devote to,lead to, stick to, get close to, object to, contribute to, get down to, be equal to(能胜任 ), turn to( 求助于 ) 等，如： (3) 。规则 4：动词

10、advise / allow / permit / forbid后既可跟doing sth. 作宾语，又可跟to do( 不定式作宾补)，如： (4) 。规则 5： need, require, want, deserve doing 动名词的主动形式表被动意义，相当于to be done，如： (5) 。规则 6：有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语有差别，如： (6) 。常用的还有：(1)forget to do忘记要去做某事 (此事未做 ) ; forget doing 忘记做过某事 (此事已做过或已发生 )(2)stop to do停止、中断 (某件事 )，目的是去做另一件事 ;st

11、op doing 停止正在或经常做的事(3)remember to do 记住去做某事 ( 未做 ) ; remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做 )(4)regret to do 对要做的事遗憾 (后常跟动词 say, tell, inform等) ; regret doing 对做过的事后悔(5)try to do 努力、企图做某事; try doing 试验、试一试某种办法(6) mean to do 打算，有意要;mean doing 意味着(7)go on to do继而 (去做另外一件事情) ; go on doing 继续 (原先没有做完的事情)(8)propose t

12、o do 打算 (要做某事 ) ;propose doing 建议 (做某事 )(9) like /love/hate/ prefer to do 表示具体行为； doing sth. 表示抽象、倾向概念。(4) 【注意】 如果 like/love/hate/prefer 这几个动词前有 should/would ，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词，如： (7) 。 规则 7：常见的带不定式作宾语的动词 (口诀助记 )如下：想要干 want, wish, hope, expect, seek, attempt, aim, claim ， would like/love, desire, swe

13、ar 早打算 plan, prepare, mean, arrange同意否 agree, promise, undertake, offer, choose, refuse, afford 问问看 ask(ask to do 要求做 ), beg决定了 decide, determine, make up one's mind, be determined 尽力干 try, manage(反义词 fail), struggle, strive, attempt不愿意care别装蒜pretend【注意】口诀内的动词后跟动词不定式，几乎都有将来意味。规则8：固定句型(1)There is

14、 no good/point/sense/harm doing sth. 做某事没用 (不好 /没意义 /没有害处 )，如： (8)。(2)have difficulty /trouble/problem/a hard time/a good time/fun (in) doing ，如： (9) 。(3)spend/waste/lose time(in) doing sth. ，如： (10)。(4)There is no doing sth. (there is no 表“不可能” )，如： (11)。(5)come/become/grow/get to like/love/realize

15、 /understand /know等表示心理活动的过程，意为“渐渐地喜欢上/意识到 /懂了 /知道了”。(6)do/did/does nothing/anything/everythingbut (except) 动词原形；如果谓语动词不是do/did/does, but(except)所跟的不定式须带to，如： (12)。(7)can not (help/choose) but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice/alternative to do表示“不得不”，如：(13)。(8) “ Why not 动词原形”表达向某人提出建议，意为：“

16、为什么不？”，“干嘛不？”(9) “ would rather/had better (not)动词原形”意为“宁愿/最好 (不 )做某事”。(10)there be 的非谓语形式作动词expect， like ， mean， intend， want， prefer ， hate 宾语时，通常用there to be 结构，在等后面用there being，如： (14) 、 (15)。作状语多用there being 结构，如： (16)。mind, object to(11)为避免重复， 在 hope, expect, wish, want, like, love, decide, pl

17、an, need, mean, forget, refuse, tell, know, have to,be going to, used to, ought to 等动词后面再次出现相同的不定式作宾语时，常出现单独使用的 to，而把曾出现过的动词省略掉。但是，如果在省略的不定式结构中含有 be, have, have been时，要保留这些词，如： (17)。3. 不定式、动名词和分词作表语(1) What I would suggest is _(to start/ starting) work at once.(2) His hobby is_ (collect) stamps.(3)

18、Travelling is interesting but_( tire).(4) The pupils will get confused if they are made _(to learn/learn) too much.(5) What the workers have been told is that they get _(pay) by the hour.学法指导4. 不定式、动名词和分词作定语(1) The water_(polluting/ polluted ) by the factory should beto blame.(2) We'd better fin

19、d some work for the children_( to do/ to be done ).(3) He is the first one _(help) me with computer.(4) Your ability _(to analyse/ to have analysed)the problem really surprised us.(5) Do you have anything _(tsend) ？ (是主语 you 送)(6) Do you have anything _(send) ？ (不是主语 you 送，是别人送 )(7)Barking dogs seld

20、om_ (bite).(8)The plan _(make) is of vital importance.(9)The building_( being constructed /constructed ) now will be used as a library.(10)The suggestion _(sent/to send) to the committee was adopted.( 过去的被动 )(11)The teacher is satisfied with our _(satisfied /satisfying) performance in class, which c

21、an be seen from her _(satisfied /satisfying) expression on her face.学法指导规则 2：不定式、动名词和分词作定语的区别：名词 to do sth. 表示：与被修饰的名词有：动宾关系，如：(2) ；名词前有序数词或最高级，如：(3) 。主谓关系。不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词doing sth. 表示：正在进行的动作经常性动作或现在(或当时 )的状态即将发生的动作【注意】不及物动词构成的不定式作定语，要加上适当的介词且介词不能省。规则 3：一些形容词化的过去分词表示已完成的动作或所处的状态，意为“已经的

22、”。a fallenleaf落叶 (已经落在地上) a fallingleaf 飘零的落叶，尚在空中a developed country发达国家adeveloping country发展中国家a risen sun 升起的太阳 a rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳【注意】 1. 有些表示“使”的动词，其-ing 形式，意为“令人的”，表示事物的性质、特征，强调给他人的印象； 其-ed 形式，意为“感到的” ，表示人的心理、 状态，强调主语内心的感受， 也可修饰 look, expression, tears, smile, voice 等名词。如： (11)。 3. drink, lea

23、rn, sink, light 都有两种形式的过去分词，但作定语时，只能用拼写较长的过去分词。 a drunken driver 喝醉酒的司机； a sunken ship 沉船； a lighted candle 点着的蜡烛5. 不定式和分词作状语(1) He made a long speech, only to_(show) his ignorance of the subject.(2) Being_(watch) by the audience, the young speaker felt very nervous.(3) _(encourage) by these success

24、es, they decided to expand the business.(4) When_( leaving/leave)the airport, they waved again and again to us.(5) Not_(not receive) an answer, he decided to write another letter to them.(6) _(criticize) by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.(7) He worked deep into the night, _(prepare) a speech f

25、or the president.(8) I got up very early this morning _(prepare)breakfast for my family.(9) She is so kind as _(to help/help) me. She is so kind that she helps me.(10) She is such a kind girl as _(to help/help) me. She is such a kind girl that she helps me.(11) I'm only too pleased _(to help/hel

26、p) you.(12) One is never too old _(learn) .(13)_ (Seat) himself/Seated ( Sitting) in the room, he is absorbed in reading.(14) It_(is/ being ) Sunday, we needn't go to school. ? Because it _(be) Sunday, we needn't go to school.(15) All the work _(done/ is done), you can have a rest.?Ifall the

27、 work is done, you can have a rest.(16) While _(waiting /wait) there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.学法指导 to do 表示目的或结果 (to do in order to do / so as to do 其中 so as to do 不能放在句首 ) only to do 表示意想不到的结果。如：(1) 。2. devote, absorb, lose, seat, dress, hide 等动词的非谓语形式作状语和定语时，可以用它们的-ed 形式 (

28、devoted,absorbed, lost, seated, dressed, hidden) 或-ing oneself 形式 (devoting/ absorbing/ losing/ seating/ dressing /hiding oneself)。如： (13)。3. 有些非谓语动词短语已经游离出来，成为固定短语，当作插入语使用。此时，句子的主语与它们不存在逻辑上的一致关系，如： to tell you the truth 实话说 ， needless to say 不用说， to be honest/ frank 老实说，坦白说 ， to be more exact更确切地说，

29、 to make things worse 更糟的是 ， say that假设， not to mention 更不用说 Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking 一般说来 /坦白说 / 粗略地说， considering 鉴于 /考虑到 ，judging by/from 从来看，依据来判断， supposing /suppose that假定，providingthat假定， according to依据， including 包括， owing to 由于 ， talking/speaking of 谈及 given考虑到 ， provided that

30、 如果6. 连词分词 (短语 )when，while ，有时，为了使非谓语动词短语与主句的逻辑关系更清楚，可在非谓语动词前加连词。连词有if ， unless，though， after, before, as 等。但分词的主语和主句的主语必须一致，如：(16)。7. 不定式和分词作宾语补足语(1) My father permits me _(surf) the Internet at the weekend.(2) The children were last seen_(play) by the river.(3) She saw the old man _(cross) the roa

31、d.?The old man was seen_( to cross)/cross)the road.(4) Finally I got my car _(running/run).(5) The teacher often gets us _(to recite/ recite) texts.(6)I'd like to get my car _(cleaned/to clean)before the New Year.(7)I made my little brother _(cry/to cry).? My little brother was made _(cry/to cry

32、).(8) I spoke clearly and slowly to make myself _(hear/heard) and _(understand/understood) .(9) The teacher often has us _(debate/ to debate) in class.(10) They had the lights _(burning/burn) while working.(11) Nancy will have her house _(painted./painted)学法指导常作宾补的有：do sth.(用于 let, make, have 以及感官动词

33、后)to do sth.(主动 ) / to be done( 被动 ); doing sth. ( 主动，正在进行或持续进行)done (被动，状态或完成);being done(被动，正在进行)规则 1：带宾补的动词like, hate, encourage, wish, warn, tell, want, desire, expect, get, permit, order, allow，invite,force, ask, cause, advise, request, prefer, beg, persuade, teach， lead 等动词宾语 to do sth.，宾语与 to do 为主动关系，如： (1) 。规则 2：感官动词 feel,/hear, listen to/ see, observe, notice, watch, look at, 宾语 do sth.(主动，全过程或经常性动作) doing( 主动，正在进行 ) done(与宾语是被动关系 )注意若感官动词在被动