安徽工业大学科技英语复习

1、科技英语翻译【汉译英】1、这台计算机的体积很小。The volume of this computer is very small.The size of this computer is very small. This computer is very small in size.2、这些书都没有解释这一现象。 None of these books explain this phenomenon.3、输出随输入的变化是很大的。 The variation of output with input is great.4、铁是金属。 Iron is a metal.【英译汉】1、Most m

2、etals expand with heat.n 大多数金属受热膨胀。2.Lead is one of the softer metals.n 铅是硬度较低的金属之一。3.Low temperature contracts metals.n 低温使金属收缩。【科技英语的语言特点】 一、大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization） 1、Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.n阿基米德最先发现了固体排水的原理。2、The rotation of the earth

3、on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。3、If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。4、Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。二、广泛使用被

4、动语句（passive sentence） Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine. 应当注意机器的工作温度。三、非限定动词(finite word)1、A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction.n直流电是一种总是沿同一方向流动的电流。2、Radiating from the earth, heat causes air currents to rise.n热量由地球辐射出来时，使得气流上升。3、There are

5、 different ways of changing energy from one form into another.n将能量从一种形式转变成另一种形式有各种不同 的方法。四、后置定语(the rear attribute)1、The forces due to friction are called frictional forces.n由于摩擦而产生的力称之为摩擦力。2、A call for paper is now being issued .n征集论文的通知现正陆续发出。3、In this factory the only fuel available is coal.n该厂唯一

6、可用的燃料是煤。4、The air outside pressed the side in .n外面的空气将桶壁压得凹进去了。5、The results obtained must be checked .n获得的结果必须加以校核6、The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy wasted.n产生的热量等于浪费了的电能。5、 常用句型（commonly used sentence patterns）1、It is evident that a well lubricated bearing turns more easily than

7、 a dry one .n显然，润滑好的轴承，比不润滑的轴承容易转动2、It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting .n看来这两个科学分支是相互依存，相互作用的。3、It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy.n直到十九世纪人们才认识到热是能量的一种形式。4、This steel alloy is believed to be the best availabl

8、e here .n人们认为这种合金钢是这里能提供的最好的合金钢。5、Electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed as light .n电磁波传送的速度和光速相同。6、In water sound travels nearly five times as fast as in air .n声音在水中的传播速度几乎是在空气中传播速度的五倍。7、Compared with hydrogen, oxygen is nearly 16 times as heavy .n氧与氢比较，重量大约是它的十六倍。8、The resistance being ver

9、y high ,the current in the circuit was low.由于电阻很大，电路中通过的电流就小六、长句（long sentences） 七、复合词与缩略词（compound and abbreviation）【翻译的标准】1、准确规范（accurate and normative）2、通顺易懂（clear and understandable）3、简洁明晰（brief and to the point）词义的选择 （meaning）根据词类选择according to the part of speech根据上下文选择according to the context根

10、据词的搭配according to the collocation of the words根据学科和专业according to the subject and major 【被动语态及翻译】1)译成主动句Increased rate of reaction, in the presence of catalyzers, is called catalysis, or catalytic action.在催化剂的作用下反应速度加快叫做催化作用。2)不改动主语，但改变谓语的结构（如将动词改成动宾短语）3)原主语改译为宾语，另加适当主语It is said that numerical cont

11、rol is the operation of machine tools by numbers人们说，数控就是机床用数字加以操控4)译成无人称句，将原主语改译成宾语，或将原主谓短语改译成谓语动词。2.The fuel must be tested to determine its suitability before application. 使用前须对燃料进行试验，以确定其适用性5） 译为“是” In actual practice separate subtractors are not used. 在实践中是不使用单独减法器的。6）it导引的习惯句型中的被动语态，可译为无人称句或不定人

12、称句It was reported that 据报道 ；有人报告称，It must be admitted that 必须承认It will be seen from this that 由此可见，It is stated that 据说【practice】Solution to the problem was ultimately found.这个问题的解决办法最终找到了。The discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of science. 这一发现在科学界得到了很高的评价The offensive noise must be immed

13、iately put an end to 必须立即终止这种讨厌的噪声一译成主动句【带双宾语动词的被动句型】1.Each address in memory is assigned a number. 存储器中的每一个地址分配了一个号码。2. 这个公式告诉你，能量与质量是成正比的。 You are told by this formula that energy is proportional to mass.【动词短语的被动句型】1.这一话题将在下一章处理。 This topic will be dealt with in the next chapter.2.Full use must be

14、 made of the computer available. 我们必须充分利用现有的计算机。【介词短语表示被动意义】 Under, in, on1.That computer is under repair. 那台计算机正在修理中。2.安徽工业大学正在建造一座新教学大楼。 A new classroom building is under construction in Anhui University of Technology.3.冶金专业的毕业生需求量很大。 Graduates majored in metallurgy are in great demand.4.这种新的教学方法正

15、在尝试中。 This new teaching method is on trial.Need, want, require这台机器需要修理了。 This machine needs repairing.This point is worth mentioning.This point is worthy to be mentioned.二译成被动句The design will be reviewed by a special committee first. 这项设计将先由一个特别委员会加以审查。The -rays are not affected by an electric field

16、. 射线不受电场影响。【倍数的翻译】运动场里聚集了上万名观众。 Thousands of audiences gathered at the sports field.一间小小的教室里居然容纳了几百名学生。 Hundreds of students crowded in such a small classroom. Such a small classroom is crowded with hundreds of students.安徽工业大学某班级考研达线人数多达22人。 The number of the candidates of postgraduates of a class i

17、n Anhui University of Technology is as many as 22科技英语课程及格率在2.5%以下。 The pass rate of English for Scientific Purpose (ESP) is under 2.5 per cent.将近有10%的大学生有过考试作弊的经历。 Nearly 10% of undergraduates have the experience of cheating in exams. 安徽工业大学的大学生年龄在18岁到22岁之间。The age of the undergraduates of AHUT is b

18、etween 18 and 22.【倍数增加的表达】Increase by n times “ 增加了 n 1 倍 ” 或“ 增加到 n 倍 ”Increase n times “ 增加了 n 1 倍 ” 或“ 增加到 n 倍 ”Increase by a factor of n “ 增加了 n 1 倍 ”或 “ 增加到 n 倍 ”Increase to n times “ 增加到 n 倍 ” 或 “ 增加了 n 1 倍 ”The input stage amplifies the input signal by a factor of 50. 在输入级，输入信号被放大到50倍。With th

19、e result of automation productivity has increased 6 times in that factory. 自动化的结果，那个工厂的生产率增加了五倍。When the electricity increases to 3 times, so does the coulomb force. 当电量增加到三倍时，库仑力也增加到三倍。【倍数增加的译法】A is larger than B by n times “A 是 B 的 n 倍 ( 净增 n 1倍）”A is n times B “A 是 B 的 n 倍 ( 净增 n 1 倍） ”Today, man

20、y planes can fly several times fasterthan sound. 今日，许多飞机能以数倍于音速的速度飞行。 The proton has a weight about 1837 times as heavy as the electron. 质子的质量约为电子的1837倍。【倍数减少的译法】decrease by 3 timesn 减少了23(减至13)decrease by a factor of 3 减少了23(减至13)decrease 3 times 减少了23(减至13)3 times less than 减少了23(减至13)A is 3 times

21、 smaller than B A是B的13”或“A比B小23The speed of the machine was decreased by a factor of five. 该机器的运转速度降低了45。The wire is two times thinner than that . 这根导线比那根细 1 2 。【句子的翻译I】（Translation of sentence constituent）【引例】Carbon dioxide is denser than air 二氧化碳的密度比空气大【主语的译法】1、 照译Burning takes place much faster i

22、n pure oxygen than in air. 燃烧在纯氧中比在空气中快得多。We often use a gas adsorption to concentrate contaminants.n 我们经常用空气吸附来浓缩污染物2、转译为谓语3、转译为宾语Work must be done in setting a body in motion 使一个物体运动时，必须做功In turning different materials, different speed should be used 在切削不同材料时，应采用不同的速度。Land animals are believed to

23、have developed from sea animals. 有人认为陆地动物是由海洋动物进化而来的Attachments are usually not included with standard machine. 通常，标准机床不包含附件Sound absorbing material has been used in walls and ceiling. 墙壁和天花板使用了吸音材料It is generally believed that rate at which evolution operates has varied appreciably during different

24、 periods of geologic time. 人们普遍认为不同的地质时期进化速度不同It should be emphasized that the laser is in no sense an energy source. 应当强调指出，激光（器）并不是一个能源。（译为无主句）4、转译为定语Computers work many times more rapidly than nerve cells in the human brain. 计算机的工作比人类大脑中的神经细胞要快好多倍。（谓语转译为主语，主语转译为定语）An automobile must have a brake

25、with high efficiency 汽车的刹车必须高度有效。（宾语转译为主语，主语转译为定语）Animals and plants are variable in characters. 动植物的特性是可变的（介词in的宾语转译成主 语，主语转译为定语）This machine is simple in design, yet it is efficient inoperation.n这台机器的结构设计简单，但工作效率很高。（介词in的宾语转译成主 语，主语转译为定语）5、转译为状语【翻译的过程】1. 分析(analysis)2. 转换(conversion)3. 重构(reconsit

26、ution)【谓语的译法】1、直译Voltage regulating devices maintains the voltage at receiving end within permissible limits. 电压调整装置保持接收端的电压在允许值内。And the direction in which the sound is traveling tells the bat where the meal is located. 声音传播的方向会告知蝙蝠食物的所在地Any friction between two surfaces results in a temperature ri

27、se of the materials. 两个表面之间的任何摩擦都会导致材料的温度升高。2、转译为主语The experiment resulted in the discovery of a cure for cancer. 这一实验的结果是发现了一种治疗癌症的方法。The application of surfactants aims to simplify work processes. 使用表面活性剂是为了简化工作进程3、 转译为宾语Weight varies slightly in different places of the earth, depending on the for

28、ce of gravity. 物体的重量在地球上的不同地点都会稍有变化，它取决于引力的大小。4、转译为定语或状语More metal is removed when the feed is increased.进给量增加时，切除的金属更多。（转译为定语）5、省译Any body which is capable of doing work is considered to possess energy.(p266) 任何能做功的物体都具有能量【表语的译法】1、直译The purpose of the radiator is to get rid of heat from the engine.

29、 散热器的用途是排放发动机产生的热。2、转译为主语Carbon dioxide is denser than air. 二氧化碳的密度比空气大。3、主表倒译Metallurgical engineering is my field of research. 我的研究领域是冶金工程。One of the well-known laws of physics is Ohms Law. 欧姆定律是物理学上著名的定律之一。It is note worthy that small as atoms are, they contain vast amounts of energy. 值得注意的是原子虽小，

30、却具有很大的能量。(主语从句转译为表语)4、 转译为谓语These new machines are now in wide use. 这些新机器正在被广泛使用。5、 转译为宾语Cutting tools must be strong, hard, tough, and wear resistant. 切削工具必须有足够的强度、硬度、韧性和耐磨性。6、 转译为定语In this book, many theories are very important . 在这本书中，重要的理论很多。【长句的翻译】 Steps for analyzing long sentenceØ Identi

31、fy the main structure of the sentence by locating the major components.（紧缩主干）Ø Differentiate the major components and subordinate components。（区分主从）Ø Reveal the hierarchy of the sentence.（理清层次）Ø Adjust the collocations according to the target Language.（调整搭配）Ø Differentiate and ide

32、ntify the meaning of the words.（辨析词义）Ø Polish the sentence meaning.（润饰词句）【汉译英】必须充分注意练习。 (用被动语态翻译) Full attention must be paid to exercises.这种影响是看不见的。（不用被动语态） The influence is invisible.二手自行车的需求量很大。 Second hand bicycles are in great demand.这个台灯需要修理了。 This table lamp needs repairing.工业废水必须在此过程中除去

33、。 Industrial wastewater has to be removed in the process.大学英语课程及格率在90%以上 The pass rate of College English is over 90 per cent.双方一致认为，扩大两国人民之间的了解是可取的。 The two sides agreed that it is desirable to broaden the understanding between the two peoples.现在的汽车总量比2000年增加了两倍。 Now the total number of cars has in

34、creased by three times as compared with that of 2000.【英译汉】The printer ran on again after its having been repaired. 这台打印机在修理好之后又继续使用了。The lost engineer was ultimately found. 迷路的工程师最终找到了。One of the well-known universities is Anhui University of Science and Technology. 安徽工业大学是著名的大学之一。Any body which is capable of doing work is considered to possess energy. 任何做功的物体都具有能量。Carbon dioxide is denser than air. 二氧化碳的密度比空气大。Today, many planes can fly several times faster than sound. 如今，许多飞机能以数倍于音速的速度飞行The wire is two times thinner than that.n 这根导线