宾语补足语讲解

1、宾语补足语讲解黄洋小学校 詹大春 一英语的五个基本句型结构：S 十 V 主谓结构He runs quickly 他跑得快。S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构 The story sounds interesting 这个故事听起来有 趣。S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构 They built a house last year 他们去年建了一所 房子。S 十 V 十 01 十 02 主谓双宾结构 He offered me his seat / his seat to me 他 把座位让给我。S 十 V 十 0 十 C 主谓宾补结构They found her happy that day 他们发现

2、那天她很高兴。I found him out 我发现他出去了。They named the boy Charlie他们给这个男孩起名为查理。I saw him come in and go out 我见他进来又出去。They felt the car moving fast.他们感到汽车行驶得很快。He found the door of study closed to him 他发现研究所的大门对 他关闭了。说明：S=主语；V二谓语；P=表语；0二宾语；01二间接宾语； O2=直接宾语；C =宾语补足语定义： 宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。二、句子结构是：主+谓+宾+宾补

3、不同形式的宾语补足语名词 make, name, call, think, consider, choose, wish, find, elect We made him our monitor.She found him a very clever boy.They call her XiaoZhang.We consider him (to be) a good teacher.形容词 believe, think, get, keep, make, find, set, like, wish, see, consider, prove, have, leave, paint, drive

4、, turn, cutYou should keep your classroom clean.I found the movie very interesting.The noise drives me mad. I found the dog dead.动词不定式 （部分动词后的 to 需省略）advise, allow, ask, cause, expect, force, get, help, invite, order, remind, request, require, teach, tell, train, want, warn, wish, see, hear, feel, w

5、atch, notice, smell, taste, observe, have, make, let, allow, beg, drive, encourage, forbid, permit, persuadeThey asked me to get there on time.Nobody heard him cry for help.I often see the boys play basketball after school.现在分词 keep, mind, prevent, remember, stop, start, smell, excuse, send, see, he

6、ar, watch , notice smell, taste, feel, observe, have, get, set, leaveDo you hear someone knocking at the door?I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.The heavy rain prevented us coming here on time.Can you smell something burning?过去分词 make, get, have, keep, leaveMy grandfather had his old hous

7、e rebuilt.I must get my bike repaired.He was trying to make himself understood.副词 let ,follow, orderI followed him in.She ordered them away.He opened the window to let the fresh air in.I saw him out with his father the day before yesterday介词短语 keep, find, leaveTo her surprise, she found herself in a

8、 different world.Please make yourself at home.I left my pen on my desk at home.三、三种结构：1. 主表型：1) make our country beautiful (adjective) 2) call him Lao Li (noun)3) find sb. out (adv.) 4) find sb. at home (Prep. phrase)2. 主谓型：1) ask sb. to do sth.(有to 不定式)2) make sb. do sth.(无to不定式)3) see sb. doing st

9、h. (现在分词)3.动宾型:1) have/make/get sth. done.( 过去分词)四、什么动词后可有宾语补足语：1. 在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove 等。这类动词后的不定式通常是"to be+形容词或名词"结构，think, con sider, find后的to be常可省略。We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 我们认为他是一个好老师。He proved

10、 that theory (to be) very important. 他证明那个理论是很 重要的。2. 在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。 这类动词有：love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expec等。rd prefer you to leave him alone. 我希望你不要打扰他。 I don't want there to be any trouble. 我不想 有任何麻烦。3. 注意：hope, dema nd, suggest动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补 足语。I hope you can give me a hand. 我希

11、望你能帮我一把。I wish you to give me a hand. 我希望你能帮我一把。He required us to be present at the meeting. 他要求我们出席会议。五、可作宾语补足语的形式有： 不定式，现在分词，过去分词，名词，形容，副词，介词短语都 能作补语。六、具体说明：（一）副词作宾语补足语 I found him in yesterday. （二）常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有： keep, make, find 等。 如: We must keep our classroom clean.（三）常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call, nam

12、e, make, thin等。 如： We call them mooncakes.（四）常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, find, keep等o如： In the country, we can hear birds singing.（五）常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, fin d, leave等o如： I left my pen on my desk at home.（六）不定式作宾语补足语1. 常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, want,teach, wish等;2. 接不带to的动词不定式作宾语

13、补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, make, let advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help, encourage, persuade, permit,remind, request, order, warn, cause等o如： I often see him play football.She often asks me to help her.We don't allow such things to happen again.Most of the par

14、ents agree to forbid their children to smoke.3. 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明： help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to o如： I often help my mother（to） do some housework. 在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带too有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了 to,这些动词有：一感二听三让四观看。一感： feel 二听： hear, listen to 三让： let, have, make 四观看： observe, see, watch, look at这类动词有：make, l

15、et, have等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式（have没有被动语态）。 What would you have me do? 你要我做什么？She made him give up smoking. 她让他戒了烟。 Let him do whatever he wishes to do. 他想干什么 就让他干吧。Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister. 虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹， 但今天他却被小 妹妹弄哭了3. 掌握“使役动词 ha

16、ve + 宾语过去分词 ”的几种含义在“have +宾语+过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，have 也可用 get 。这一结构具有以下几种含义： 意为 “主语请别人做某事 ”。例如：He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow. 他明天想去检查眼 睛。 （ “检查”的动作由医生来进行） 意为 “主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情 ”。例如：Be careful, or you'll have your hands hurt. 当心，否则会弄伤手的。 意为“使完成某事 ”，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参 与完成。例如： He ha

17、d the walls painted this morning. 他今早把墙漆了。 （主语自己可能参与） 动词不定式也可作一些短语动词的宾语补足语。I'm waiting for James to arrive. 我正等着詹姆斯的到来。He's arranged for a car to pick them up at the station. 他已安排了一 辆汽车去车站接他们。（七）分词作宾语补足语 用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主 谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻 辑上的动宾关系。1. 跟分词作宾补的动词有： catch,

18、have get, keep, hear, find, feel,leave, make, want, start, no tice, observe, watch, S等。例如：There was so much noise that the speaker couldn 'mt ake himself heard.由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。2. 几种用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况说明： 表示 “意欲

19、；命令 ”的动词如 like, want, wish, order 等，可用过 去分词作宾语补足语。例如：The father wants his daughter taught the piano这位父亲想让 女儿学钢琴。 感官动词 see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel等后，可用过去 分词作宾语补足语。例如： I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep等后，可用过去分词作宾 语补足语。例如：Have

20、you got your films developed? 你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有？宾语补足语练习题1. There'as hole in your bag. I know, I'mgoing to have itA. mend B. mendingC. mendedD. to bemended2. Though he had often made his little sister , today he was made by his little sister. A.cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry;cry D. to cry; cry

21、3. They would not allow him across the enemy line.A. to risk goingD. risk goingB. risking to go C. for risk to go4. I found the doorwhe n I got home.A. openedB. closeC. uniockingD.open5. The boy wan ted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother toldhim.A. not toB. not to doC. not doD. donot

22、to6. I couldn ' t do my homework with all that noise.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on7. With a lot of difficult problems, the n ewly-elected preside ntis hav ing a hard time.A.settled B. settl ing C. to settle D.being settled8. I advisedat once. A.him to starting B. him to start C.

23、tostarti ngD. to start9. Whe n I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still.A. beat B. to be beatingC. beatingD. was beating10. You had better get a doctoryour bad tooth.A. pull out B. to pull outC. pulled outD. pulling out11. He man aged to make himself with hisEn glish.A. understand; b

24、reakingB. understand; brokenB. C. understood; breakingD. understood; broken12. The doctor asked him not to leave his wound.A. exposeB. exposedC. to expose D.expos ing13. They are going to have the service man an electric fan in theoffice tomorrow. A.install B. to install C. to be installedD. install

25、ed14. After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute .A. being settled B. to be settled C. had settledD.as settled15. You will see this product wherever you go.A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertiseD. advertising16. His remarks left me about his real purpose.A. wonder

26、ed B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondering17. When I caught him me I stopped buying things there andstarted dealing with another shop. A.cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating18. Though he had often made his little sister , today he wasmade by his little sister. A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying

27、C.cry; cryD. to cry; cry19. The teacher encouraged us good compositions.A. Writing B. written C. to write D. is writing20. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him . A. not to B. not to do C. not do itD. do not to21. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washin

28、g machine she had had went wrong again.A .it B. it repaired C .repaired D. to be repaired22. With a lot of difficult problems, the newly electedpresident is having a hard time. A .settled B. settlingC. to settleD. being settled23. With trees, flowers and grass everywhere, my native townhad taken on

29、a new look. A. planting B. planted C. to plant D .to be planted24. She was glad to see her child well care of.A. take B. to be taken C. takenD. taking25. The result of the entrance exams was not made to the publicuntil last Thursday. A. knowing B. known C. to knowD.to be known26. I can make you what I say, but you can'mt ake yourself in English.A. understand; understand B .understand, understoodC to understand, understand D. understand;to