骨科(解剖)单词英汉

1、医学生必备-解剖专业词汇.doc第一部分systematic anatomy系统解剖学topographic anatomy局部解剖学macroanatomy巨视解剖学microanatomy微视解剖学surgical anatomy外科解剖学surface anatomy 表面解剖学X-ray anatomyX线解剖学sectional anatomy断层解剖学locomotive anatomy运动解剖学anatomical position解剖学姿势superior上inferior下cranial颅侧caudal尾侧anterior前ventral腹侧posterior后dorsal背

2、侧medial内侧lateral外侧internal内external外superficial浅profound深proximal近侧distal远侧ulnar尺侧radial桡侧tibial胫侧fibular腓侧left左right右horizontal水平central中央Vertical axis轴Sagittal axis矢状轴Coronal axis冠状轴Sagittal plane矢状面plane面horizontal plane面variation变异abnormal异常dissection解剖cadaver尸体specimen标本model 模型bone骨long bone 长

3、骨diaphysis, shaft 骨干medullary cavity髓腔nutrient foramen 滋养孔epiphysis 骺articular surface 关节面metaphysis 干骺端epiphysil cartilage骺软骨epiphysial line 骺线short bone短骨flat bone扁骨irregular bone不规则骨 pneumatic bone 含气骨sesamoid bone籽骨process突spine棘eminence隆起tuberosity粗隆tuber结节tubercle小结节 crest嵴line线fossa窝fovea凹fov

4、eola小凹sulcus沟impression压迹cavity腔sinus窦antrum房cellules小房 canal 管meatus 道aperture口foramen孔hiatus裂孔head头capitulum小头condyle髁epicondyle上髁surface面border缘notch切迹compact bone骨密质spongy bone骨松质trabeculae骨小梁diploe板障periosteum骨膜endosteum骨内膜bone marrow骨髓osteoporosis骨质疏松症vertebrae椎骨vertebral body椎体vertebral foram

5、en椎孔vertebral canal椎管vertebral arch椎弓pedicle of vertebral arch椎弓根intervertebral foramina椎间孔lamina of vertebral arch椎弓板spinous process棘突transverse process横突 articular process关节突 thoracic vertebrae胸椎cervical vertebrae颈椎 uncus of vertebral body椎体钩transverse foramen横突孔atlas寰椎axis枢椎vertebrae prominens隆椎l

6、umbar vertebrae腰椎sacrum；sacral bone骶骨promontory岬sacral hiatus骶管裂孔sacral cornu骶角coccyx尾骨sternum胸骨manubrium sterni胸骨柄 sternal angle胸骨角jugular notch颈静脉切迹body of sternum胸骨体xiphoid process剑突costal arch肋弓 costal bone肋骨costal head肋头costal neck肋颈costal tubercle肋结节shaft of rib 肋体costal groove肋沟costal angle肋角

7、 costal cartilage肋软骨skull 颅calvaria颅盖 frontal bone额骨ethmoid bone筛骨sphenoid bone蝶骨hypophysial fossa垂体窝greater wing大翼foramen rotundum圆孔foramen ovale卵圆孔 foramen spinosum棘孔 lesser wing 小翼optic canal视神经管superior orbital fissure眶上裂 pterygoid process翼突pterygoid canal翼管temporal bone颞骨squamous part鳞部 mandibu

8、lar fossa下颌窝 articular tubercle关节结节tympanic part鼓部petrous part岩部internal acoustic pore内耳门carotid canal颈动脉管styloid process茎突mastoid process乳突stylomastoid foramen茎突孔 occipital bone枕骨foramen magnum枕骨大孔parietal bone顶骨mandible下颌骨 mental foramen颏孔 ramus of mandible下颌支head of mandible下颌头neck of mandible下颌颈

9、angle of mandible下颌角mandibular foramen下颌孔hyoid bone舌骨vomer犁骨maxilla上颌骨infraorbital foramen眶下孔frontal process额突 zygomatic process颧突alveolar process牙槽突palatine process腭突palatine bone腭骨 nasal bone鼻骨lacrimal bone泪骨inferior nasal concha下鼻甲 zygomatic bone颧骨coronal suture冠状缝sagittal suture矢状缝lambdoid sutur

10、e人字缝external occipital protuberance枕外隆凸 anterior cranial fossa颅前窝 middle cranial fossa颅中窝foramen lacerum破裂孔 posterior cranial fossa颅后窝clivus斜坡internal occipital protuberance 枕内隆凸jugular foramen颈静脉孔pterion翼点infratemporal fossa颞下窝pterygopalatine fossa翼腭窝orbit眶nasolacrimal canal鼻泪管frontal squama额鳞infer

11、ior orbital fissure 眶下裂bony nasal cavity骨性鼻腔 superior middle and inferior nasal meatus 上、中、下鼻道paranasal sinuses鼻旁窦frontal sinus额窦ethmoidal sinuses筛窦sphenoidal sinus蝶窦maxillary sinus上颌窦 oral cavity骨性口腔cranial fontanelles颅囟 anterior fontanelle前囟posterior fontanelle后囟clavicle锁骨scapula肩胛骨subscapular fos

12、sa肩胛下窝spine of scapula肩胛冈supraspinous fossa冈上窝infraspinous fossa冈下窝acromion肩峰coracoid process喙突glenoid cavity关节盂humerus肱骨 head of humerus肱骨头anatomical neck解剖颈greater tubercle大结节lesser tubercle小结节surgical neck外科颈deltoidtuberosity三角肌粗隆sulcus for radial nerve桡神经沟capitulum of humerus肱骨小头lateral epicondy

13、le外上髁 medial epicondyle内上髁radius桡骨head of radius桡骨头neck of radius桡骨颈radial tuberosity桡骨粗隆styloid process 茎突 ulna尺骨trochlear notch滑车切迹olecranon鹰嘴coronoid process冠突 ulnar tuberosity尺骨粗隆head of ulna尺骨头styloid process尺骨茎突carpal bones腕骨scaphoid bone手舟骨lunate bone月骨triquetral bone三角骨pisiform bone豌豆骨 trape

14、zium bone大多角骨 trapezoid bone小多角骨 capitate bone头状骨hamate bone钩骨metacarpal bones掌骨phalanges of fingers指骨hip bone髋骨ilium髂骨iliac crest髂嵴anterior superior iliac spine髂前上嵴 posteior superior iliac spine髂后上嵴tubercle of iliac crest髂结节greater sciatic notch坐骨大切迹iliac fossa髂窝 arcuate line弓状线ischium坐骨ischial spi

15、ne坐骨棘lesser sciatic notch坐骨小切迹ischial tuberosity坐骨结节pubis 耻骨pecten pubis耻骨梳pubis tubercle耻骨结节 symphysial surface耻骨联合面obturator foramen闭孔acetabulum髋臼lunate surface月状面femur股骨femoral head股骨头neck of femur 股骨颈greater trochanter大转子lesser trochanter小转子linea aspera粗线gulteal tuberosity臀肌粗隆 medial condyle内侧髁

16、lateral condyle外侧髁 intercondylar fossa 髁间窝adductor tubercle收肌结节 patella髌骨tibia胫骨 intercondylar eminence髁间隆起tibial tuberosity胫骨粗隆medial mallelous内踝 fibula腓骨 lateral malleolus外踝tarsal bones跗骨calcaneus跟骨talus距骨medial cuneiform bone内侧楔骨intermediate cuneiform bone中间楔骨lateral cuneiform bone外侧楔骨navicular b

17、one足舟骨cuboid bone骰骨metatarsal bones跖骨phalanges of toes趾骨fbrous joint 纤维连接cartilaginous joint软骨连接synostosis骨性结合syndesmosis韧带连接suture缝synchondrosis透明软骨结合symphysis纤维软骨联合articulation关节synovial joint滑膜关节articular surface关节面articular cartilage关节软骨articular capsule关节囊fibrous membrane纤维膜synovial membrane滑膜s

18、ynovial fluid滑液articular cavity关节腔ligament韧带articular disc关节盘articular labrum关节唇synovial fold滑膜襞synovial bursa滑膜囊translation移动flexion屈extension伸dorsiflexion背屈plantarflexion跖屈adduction收abduction展rotation旋转medial rotation旋内lateral rotation旋外pronation旋前supination旋后circumduction环转hinge joint屈戌关节trochoid

19、 joint; pivot joint车轴关节ellipsoid joint椭圆关节sellar joint;saddle joint鞍状关节ball and socket joint; spheroidal joint球窝关节plane joint平面关节vertebral column脊柱intervertebral disc椎间盘nucleus pulposus髓核anulus fibrous纤维环anterior longitudinal ligament前纵韧带posterior longitudinal ligament后纵韧带ligamenta flava黄韧带interspin

20、al ligament棘间韧带supraspinal ligament棘上韧带ligamentum nuchae项韧带intertransverse ligament横突间韧带zygapophyseal joint关节突关节atlantooccipital joint寰枕关节anterior atlantooccipital membrane寰枕前膜posterior atlantooccipital membrane寰枕后膜atlantoaxial joint寰枢关节thorax胸廓costovertebral joint肋椎关节joint of costal head肋头关节costotr

21、ansverse joint肋横突关节sternocostal joint胸肋关节temporomandibular joint颞下颌关节sternoclaviclar joint胸锁关节acromioclavicular joint肩锁关节coracoacromial ligament喙肩韧带shoulder joint肩关节elbow joint肘关节humeroulnar joint肱尺关节humeroradial joint肱桡关节proximal radioulnar joint桡尺近侧关节radial collateral ligament桡侧副韧带unlar collateral

22、 ligament尺侧副韧带annular ligament of radius桡骨环状韧带interosseous membrane of forearm前臂骨间膜distal radioulnar joint桡尺远侧关节joints of hand手关节radiocarpal joint桡腕关节wrist joint腕关节intercarpal joint腕骨间关节carpometacarpal joint腕掌关节carpometacarpal joint of thumb拇指腕掌关节intermetacarpal joint掌骨间关节metacarpophalangeal joint掌指

23、关节interphalangeal joint指骨间关节sacroiliac joint骶髂关节iliolumbar ligament髂腰韧带sacrotuberous ligament骶结节韧带sacrospinous ligament骶棘韧带pubic symphysis耻骨联合obturator membrane闭孔膜obturator canal闭膜管pelvis骨盆greater pelvis大骨盆lesser pelvis小骨盆hip joint髋关节acetabular labrum髋臼唇iliofemoral ligament髂股韧带ligament of head of the femur股骨头韧带pubofemoral ligament耻股韧带ischiofemor