111125肌肉的化学终版本

1、 skeletal muscle cardiac muscle cardiac muscle skeletal musclesmooth muscle skeletal musclecardiac musclesmooth muscle skeletal muscle cardiac muscle synthetic/proliferative1 classificationmature/ differentiated -actin, mhc, cad, cap, sm22 opn, smemb, mgpatherosclerosis, vascular injury, hbplongitud

2、inal sectioncross sectionshape：elongated, spindle-shaped，d=5-10 mnucelus：monocaryon，elongated sarcoplasm： unstriated，acidophily muscle structure - under the light microscope smcnucleusconnective tissuesarcolemma invaginates into the sarcoplasma to form caveola-t-tubulesdense patch and dense bodythe

3、sarcoplasmic reticulum is not well-developed , adjacent to the caveolasarcoplasma contains thick myofilament and thin filaments3 muscle structure - under the electron microscope 平滑肌平滑肌粗肌丝粗肌丝：肌球蛋白（：肌球蛋白（myosin） 细肌丝细肌丝肌动蛋白（肌动蛋白（actin）原肌球蛋白（原肌球蛋白（tropomyosin）调节蛋白调节蛋白 钙调结合蛋白：钙调结合蛋白：caldesmon调宁蛋白：调宁蛋白：ca

4、lponinthick filaments are composed of myosinglobular head: atpase-has a binding site for actin and serves as a cross bridge between myosin and actinrod-like part: tailphosphorylated activated by affinity between thin filamentstropomyosincaldesmon，calponinactincaldesmon，calponiontropomyosinthin filam

5、entactintroponinthe formation of f-actinthin filamentstropomyosincaldesmon，calponinactincaldesmon，calponiontropomyosinthin filamentactintroponin4 regulatory protein caldesmoncaldesmon (cald): calmodulin+desmoncaldglucald and smooth muscle contraction regulation5 regulatory protein calponincalponin a

6、nd smooth muscle contracton regulation myocardinsrf transcriptional coactivators myocardin related transcriptional factor（mrtf） rho signaling pathway and mrtfs nuclear translocationopposing roles of myocardin and ets factors in the control of srf 1 myocardin and elk-1 compete for interaction with ma

7、ds-box 2 mapk pathway facilitated elk-1 association with srf and favoring the displacement of myocardin3 phenotypic “switch” contractile proiferativeattachmentreleasecocked force generationreattachment skeletal muscle cardiac muscle skeletal muscle the structure of 1 muscle fiber structure - under t

8、he light microscope 2 muscle fiber structure - under the electron microscope 3 muscle satellite cell the contraction mechanism of skeletal muscle muscle fiber structure - under the light microscopeshape：cylindrical （d=10-100m l=1-40mm ）nucleus： multinucleated, ovoid （50-100个个/mm), just under the sar

9、colemmasarcoplasm：myofibril, numerous parallel columns cross-striations of alternating dark and light bands i band （light band） z line a band（dark band） h band m line sarcomere ：a segment of myofibril extending from one z-line to the next z-line is termed sarcomere. 1/2 i-band+ a-band+ 1/2 i-band. s

10、tructural and functional unit of each myofibril. longitudinal section of skeletal muscle 2 muscle fiber structure - under the electron microscope2.1 myofibril ：thick myofilament and thin myofilament i band （light band）：）：z line a band（dark band）：）：h band，m linethin filamentthin, thick filamentthick

11、filamentthick filaments are composed of myosinglobular head: atpase-has a binding site for actin and serves as a cross bridge between myosin and actinrod-like part: tailphosphorylated activated by affinity between thin filamentstropomyosintroponintnt: bind to tropomyosintnc: bind to ca2+tni : inhibi

12、t the interaction between myosin and actin actintroponintropomyosinthin filamentactinthin filamentstropomyosintroponintnt: bind to tropomyosintnc: bind to ca2+tni : inhibit the interaction between myosin and actin actintroponintropomyosinthin filamentactin骨骼肌细胞的结构骨骼肌细胞的结构mononucleated myogenic cells

13、, located under the basal lamina of the muscle fibre, but separate from the muscle fiber itself.quiescent in adult muscle, proliferate in response to injury and give rise to regenerated muscle and to more satellite cells.skeletal muscle the structure of skeletal muscle 1 muscle structure - under the

14、 light microscope 2 muscle structure - under the electron microscope 3 muscle satellite cell the contraction mechanism of skeletal muscle 按任意键飞入横桥摆动动画肌节缩短肌节缩短= =肌细胞收缩肌细胞收缩牵拉细肌丝朝肌节中央滑行牵拉细肌丝朝肌节中央滑行肌球蛋白头部摆动肌球蛋白头部摆动肌球蛋白头部与细肌丝结肌球蛋白头部与细肌丝结合，分解合，分解atpatp释放能量释放能量原肌球蛋白位移，原肌球蛋白位移，暴露细肌丝上的结合位点暴露细肌丝上的结合位点caca2+2

15、+与肌钙蛋白结合与肌钙蛋白结合肌钙蛋白的构型改变肌钙蛋白的构型改变 终池膜上的钙通道开放终池膜上的钙通道开放 终池内的终池内的caca2+2+进入肌浆进入肌浆sliding of filamentsliding of filament细肌丝向细肌丝向m m线方向滑动，引起线方向滑动，引起肌节缩短肌节缩短i i带缩短带缩短h h带缩短、甚至消失带缩短、甚至消失a a带长度不变带长度不变m线线z线线thick flamentthin flament收缩后收缩后z线位置线位置收缩前收缩前z线位置线位置 skeletal muscle cardiac muscle skeletal muscle ca

16、rdiac muscle 5 signal transduction in musclesmyosin light chain kinase(mlck) pathwayno /cgmp/pkg pathway2 signal transduction pathways involved inrhoa-induced stress fiber formation rho signaling pathway and mrtfs nuclear translocation pkc protein kinase c phosphorylated ser and thr in signal transd

17、uction. in endothelial cell, pkc affect permeability 。 classic pkc (cpkc) 、 、 、 novel pkc (npkc) 、 、 atypical pkc (apkc) 、类别类别分子结构分子结构亚型亚型激动剂激动剂典型典型pkc4个保守区个保守区（c1-c4) 5个可变区个可变区（v1-v5)pkc pkc1 pkc2 pkcca2+、ps、dg、phorbol ester新新pkc缺失缺失c2区区pkc pkcpkc pkc pkcps、dg、phorbol ester 非典型非典型pkc缺失缺失c2区、区、dg结合位

18、点结合位点pkc pkc pkcps磷脂酰丝氨酸（磷脂酰丝氨酸（ps）、二酰基甘油（）、二酰基甘油（dg）、佛波酯（）、佛波酯（ phorbol ester）一氧化氮参与的过程和疾病一氧化氮参与的过程和疾病 神经传递，记忆力，休克神经传递，记忆力，休克 青光眼和神经变性青光眼和神经变性 血管舒张血管舒张, ,血压血压, ,血流血流 肺动脉高压肺动脉高压 血管再生血管再生, ,伤口愈合伤口愈合 形成动脉粥样硬化形成动脉粥样硬化 炎症炎症, , 关节炎关节炎, ,肾炎肾炎, ,肠炎肠炎, ,等等等等 胞内毒组织胞内毒组织, ,病原体病原体, ,肿瘤肿瘤the production of no ho

19、rmone and others+receptorca2+/camnadphbh4fmn,fadarginhibitor(nma,nma)edrf/no synase (types-）guanylate cyclase inactiveedrf(activator of guanylate cyclase)noguanylate cyclase activegtpcyclic gmproute of no synthesisohh2nnh2h2nnh2no+hnh2ooh2ooh3ncoo-h3nnohnhnl-citrulline(瓜氨酸）瓜氨酸） n-oh-l-argl-arg+ca/ca

20、mbh4nadphca/cambh41/2nadph+h3n+coo-coo-+no synthase-nosnos-1(155kd)神经的神经的,脑部的脑部的,类型类型-nos;中枢和外中枢和外周神经元周神经元,非胆碱非肾上腺素能神经元非胆碱非肾上腺素能神经元,孤岛孤岛,子宫内膜子宫内膜,骨胳肌肉等等骨胳肌肉等等.nos-2(125kd)可诱导的可诱导的,类型类型 ii-nos;巨噬细胞巨噬细胞,肝肝,平滑肌平滑肌,内皮组织内皮组织,心脏等心脏等;糖皮质激素糖皮质激素nos-3(135kd)内皮的内皮的,类型类型 iii-nos;内皮组织内皮组织,大脑大脑,心脏等心脏等;乙酰化乙酰化,磷酸化磷酸化 no and smooth muscle dilatationach重要内容重要内容掌握平滑肌细胞的结构掌握平滑肌细胞的结构理解并掌握平滑肌细胞的收缩机理理解并掌握平滑肌细胞的收缩机理掌握骨骼肌的结构和收缩机制掌握骨骼肌的结构和收缩机制了解肌组织的信号传递途径了解肌组织的信号传递途径脂肪浸润学说脂肪浸润学说血小板聚集和血栓形成学说血小板聚集和血栓形成学说smcsmc克隆学说克隆学说损伤反应学说损伤反应学说炎症学说炎症学说1、在各种慢性炎症和危险因素的、在各种慢性炎症和危险因素的作用下，氧化修饰的低密度脂蛋白作用下，氧化修饰的低密度脂蛋白（ox-ldlc）致使内皮损伤，内皮致