专题21阅读理解文化教育类

1、专题21 阅读理解（文化教育类）1.B【2019·全国I】For Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now its Chris Palaezs turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But hes, nervous.“Im here to

2、tell you today why you should should”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“Vote for me ”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice con

3、clusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second lan

4、guage can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，I dont know，but I want to know.”Whaley got the ide

5、a of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn

6、 to boast(夸耀)about themselves.“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”24. What made Chris nervous？A. Telling a story.B. Making a speech.C. Taking a test.D. Answering a question.25. What does the

7、underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to _.A. help students see their own strengthsB. assess students public speaking skillsC. prepare students for their future

8、jobsD. inspire students love for politics27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?A. Humorous.B. Ambitious.C. Caring.D. Demanding.【答案】24. B 25. A 26. A 27. C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。为了帮助学生学英语以及树立他们的信心，Thomas Whaley专门开展了一个演讲课程。24. B 推理判断题。根据首段首句中“today is speech day”以及第二段首句中“But hes nervous.

9、”可知，Chris紧张的原因是他要进行公开的演讲。故选B。25. A 词意猜测题。由第二段中Chris所说话中“Im here to tell you today why you shouldshould” Chris trips on the “-ld”, a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers”以及下文“except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well”可知, Chris 发ld比较困难，这对于英语不是母语的学习者来说都是一个困难，总体来说C

10、hris做得出奇的好。根据前文可知，ld发音不准，因此有些结巴，停顿得不准，故选A。26. A 推理判断题。文章在最后两段提到Whaley想到这个主意是因为看到孩子们害怕在说英语时出错，缺少自信，由此推断他的目的是为了让孩子们意识到自己的长处，增强自信心。而且文章末段首句也是提示信息。故选A。27C推理判断题。文章介绍了当Whaley看到孩子们缺少自信时，非常痛心，于是创立了这个课程，这个课程就是帮助学生树立自己的信心，故可以看出这位老师很关心学生的成长。humorous幽默的；ambitious雄心壮志的；caring关爱的，体贴的；demanding要求高的。故选C。2.B【2019

11、83;全国III】For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative."It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home

12、to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how

13、China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences."China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to w

14、omen all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Ale

15、xander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are

16、 the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging th

17、at in many ways."24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?A. It promoted the sales of artworks.B. It attracted a large number of visitors.C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes.D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.25. What does Hill say about Chinese women?A. They are setting the

18、 fashion.B. They start many fashion campaigns.C. They admire super models.D. They do business all over the world.26. What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning fromB. looking down onC. working withD. competing against27. What can be a suitable title for the te

19、xt?A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the WorldB. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New YorkC. Differences Between Eastern and Western AestheticsD. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D 27. D【解析】本文是一篇议论文。本文分析了A+E Networks公司的CCO（首席文化官）Amanda Hil1对近期纽约举办的中国元素服装设计展举世瞩目

20、这一事件的评论，以此展现出中国流行文化在设计领域引领世界潮流的现状。24. B 细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.”可知，这次展览的观众规模空前。故选B。25.A推理判断题。由第四段Hill的第一句话“Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world

21、, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion - they are central to its movement.”可知，Hill认为中国的女性已经占领时尚运动的中心地位，她们正在定义时尚。故选A。26. D词意猜测题。从本句的后半句and beating them hands down in design and sales可知，Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu正作为中国的时尚设计师代表同Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs这些时尚设计品牌交锋并占据优势，

22、因此句中的take on意为“与抗衡”。故选D。27. D主旨大意题。从整篇文章来看，本文是通过A+E Networks公司的CCO（首席文化官）Amanda Hil1对近期在纽约举办的中国元素时尚服装展览盛况空前的评论，得到中国的时尚设计力量正在引起世界注意并逐渐成为主力的结论。故选D。3.C【2019·全国III】Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a s

23、mall amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding.

24、 But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"-a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought i

25、n single copies on the street.This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, wi

26、thin a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny-usually two or three cents was charged-and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper " caught the pub

27、lic's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful pap

28、ers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.28. Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?A. Academic.B. Unattractive.C. Inexpensive.D. Confidential.29. What did street sales mean to newspape

29、rs?A. They would be priced higher.B. They would disappear from cities.C. They could have more readers.D. They could regain public trust.30. Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?A. Local politicians.B. Common people.C. Young publishers.D. Rich businessmen.31. What can we say about the

30、 birth of the penny paper?A. It was a difficult process.B. It was a temporary success.C. It was a robbery of the poor.D. It was a disaster for printers.【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 31. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。十九世纪三十年代之前报纸由于只能以年为单位订购，几乎仅仅是有钱人的专有物，后来一些有胆略的年轻商人打破现状，逐渐让街上以份售卖成为报纸销售的主流。这就是报纸行业的一场大的变革。28. B 细节理解题。由第一段第四句“

31、In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.”可知，在19世纪30年代之前大部份报纸都没有什么吸引大众的内容，故选B。29. C细节理解题。由第二段第二句“It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.”可知，街上按单份卖的报纸相比之前只能以年为单位订购

32、的报纸，更容易让普通大众消费，也就是有了更多的读者群，故选C。30. B细节理解题。从第二段第二句The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper" - a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.可知报纸售卖的新潮流目的是向普通大众销售报纸，故选B。31. A细节理解题。最后一段第一句“This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin wel

33、l.”就谈到了开始得不顺利，再结合下文的“failure”以及“had little desire to change the tradition”可知，"penny paper"这一新潮流并不顺利，许多成功报纸商不愿改变传统，只是有一些年轻的有胆识的商人努力才促使改革成功。整个过程非常辛苦，故选A。4.C【2018·全国II】 Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday. W

34、hile the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many childrens lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading. According to the reports key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they hardly ever re

35、ad for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.” The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 28, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session h

36、as declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.zxx.k When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electro

37、nic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time. The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent

38、readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read. As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer re

39、ading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A. Childrens reading habits.B. Quality of childrens books.C. Childrens after-class activities.D. Parent-child relationships.29. Where can you find the data that best supports "

40、children are reading a lot less for fun"?A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3.C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5.30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A. E-books are of poor quality.B. It could be a waste of time.C. It may harm childrens health.D. E-readers are expensive.31. How sh

41、ould parents encourage their children to read more?A. Act as role models for them.B. Ask then to write book reports.C. Set up reading groups for them.D. Talk with their reading class teachers.【答案】28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A【解析】据本周一公布的a Common Sense Media report报告显示，青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣大大减少。文中从阅读的乐趣，阅读的时间，阅读方

42、式和父母对孩子阅读的影响等角度展示了该报告的内容。28. 推理判断题。题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容。根据整篇文章，我们可以看出这篇报道讲述了孩子们阅读的乐趣，孩子们阅读的时间，孩子们阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响。A项意为：孩子们的阅读习惯；B项意为：孩子们所读书籍的质量；C项意为：孩子们的课后活动；D项意为：父母与孩子的关系。故选A。29. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的the proportion (比例) who say they hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percen

43、t of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.可知，很少为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从1984年的13岁的8%和17岁的9%上升到现在的22%和27%。也就是说，为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。故选B。30. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time可知，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心看一些电子屏幕的时间

44、越来越多，也即是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。故选C。31. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.可知，有明显的证据表明，父母为孩子们做榜样并为孩子们作重要指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯。也即是说，父母可以通过给孩子们作榜样来鼓励孩子们阅读的。故选A。点睛：作此类型的题时，一定要读懂第一段。第一段读懂了，整篇

45、文章大意也就迎刃而解了。明白了大意，第28题我们也不难看出答案，本文讲的肯定不是质量，不是活动也不是关系。而是习惯，即孩子们的阅读习惯。5.D【2018·全国III】Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier tha

46、n I did how to live more with less.I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to

47、illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金）(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how

48、 do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five

49、 minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball-simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on

50、to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.32. What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. The more, the better. B. Enough is enough.C.

51、More money, more worries. D. Earn more and spend more.33. What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?A. Saving up for her holiday B. Raising money for a poor girlC. Adding the money to her fund D. Giving the money to a sick mother34. Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?A. To try

52、out an ideaB. To show a parent's loveC. To train his attentionD. To help him start a hobby35. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Take It or Leave It B. A Lesson from KidsC. Live More with Less D. The Pleasure of Giving【答案】32. A 33. C 34. A 35. C【解析】这是一片夹叙夹议文。文章讲述作者引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获

53、得快乐的做法。32. 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less可以推断出，人们通常认为越多越好。故选A。33. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)可知，当我们承诺给她把卖玩具的钱放到她的教育基金里时，她同意卖玩具。故选

54、C。34. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.表明，跟Shepherd玩球是为了测试自己的一种想法是否可行。故选A。35. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，作者想要教会孩子how to live more with less，而二三段是作者的尝试，故C作标题适合。6.C【2018·浙江】As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford wa

55、s built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线） on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them. Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car

56、 shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be Americangoing forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the

57、most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history. In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, n

58、ever looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990. The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption

59、, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best. Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, cle