小学英语语法专题一：介词

1、March 资源站 公众号：虫鱼窝里的小幸运介词第节一、定义：介词不能单独充当句子成分，它必须用在名词或代词之前组成介词短语才能做句子成分，修饰动词名词或代词，表示时间、地点、空间等关系。二、分类1.表时间 2.表地点 3.某些介词其他用法 4.介词短语第二节表示时间的介词1. 口诀：at用在时刻前，也与正午，午夜连 at 6 o ' clock, at no_gn, at night.周月季年长时间，in 须放在其前面，in a week, in May, in spring, inJ990. in a day time 泛指一晌和傍晚，也要放在in 后边;jn the mornin

2、g /afternoon/eveningon 指特定某一天，日期星期节日前on May 1st, on Sun day, on Christmas Day.某天上下午夜晚，依然要在 on 后站 on Sun day morni ng, on the after noon of May 1st.今明昨天前后天，上下这那每之前，at, in, on 者E不填，此乃习惯记心间。today, yesterday, the day before yesterday, the day aftertomorrow, last week, n ext week, this year, that morning

3、, every morni ng特别：morning, afternoon, evening, night, 前后加修饰语，立刻把 in （at） 改为 on.女口： on a win ter morning; on the morning of May1st.2. until, till 直到 为止.until （till） nine o直到九oc钟,until last night 直到昨天夜晚un til与notun til区别：un til与延续v.连用，notun til与瞬间v.连用。He didn ' t go to bed until 9:00.He slept unt

4、il 8:00.3. by.到之前，截至tby （多用于完成时）by the end of +过去时间状语 t用于过去完成时中。by the end of +将来时间状语 t 用于将来时中。by seven o' clockby now 至U现在为止。by the end of last year到去年年末为止。by the end of this term 到这学期期末为止。by the end of next mon th.至 U下月底。4. for + 一段时间达之久”，常用于现在完成时中。for 2 hours （持续了）两个小时，for three mon ths.（持续了

5、）3 个月。I have learned English for 3 years.用 How long 提问in + 一段时间 （常表将来时 ）in ten years, in her early thirties, in the last few weeks.I will come back in two days.（ 两天后） 用 How soon 提问5. from to ,between and from to 从至 U from Mon day to Tuesday.between and 在两者之间 between eight and nine o ' clock.6. d

6、uri ng 在期间。 during the wi nter holiday 在寒假期间。during the night在夜间。但during后不可加表示数的词。7. before表时间（和 after相反）the day before yesterday 前天， before 10 o ' cloc点以前the day after tomorrow 后天, after class / school 课后ago.（常和一般过去时连用）.ten years ago.later. 一段时间+ later （用于过去时）8. since.自从常用于以下句型。 r过去的时间点主语+现在完成时

7、 (have done) + since -L一般过去时I have lived here since 1990.It has bee n 10 years since I came here.第三节表方位的介词in,相对1. in与at表地点时，at +小地点，in +大地点。如有比较时，则相对大的用 小的用at.eg: The soldiers arrived at a small village.The foreigners will arrive in shanghai tomorrow.2. in / on / toin the of在某一地域范围内的。 on theof与某一地方相

8、接壤的。to the of在之外ABABe.g. Beiji ng is in the north of China.In dia is on the south of China.Japa n is to the east of China.3. in front of 与 in the front of 在 前面in front of 在（整体的外部）前面；in the fro nt of在（整体内部）前面e.g. Lilei is in front of Wan gli ng.The blackboard is in the front of the classroom.4. acros

9、s 与 through.across横面，表面通过through内部通过run across the grass5. in, into表示进入内”in, on侧重状态go through the forest.on, onto 表示在上”in to, on to与动感动词连用，侧重于动作e.g. They are in the classroom. They are going into the classroom. He jumped onto the horse. 他跳上马.6. betwee n, among 在之间区别：between在两者之间among 在三者 /三者以上e.g. T

10、here is a mountain between the two cities. / His handwriting is the best among us three.7. above, belowabove高于below低于over 与 under定是垂直关系The pla ne was flying above the clouds.over 上方一定指垂直关系under下方丄飞机正在运上飞行。There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。It ' s very hot today. Let' s sit under the tr

11、ee.Shall I write the sentence below the line?8. at +门牌+街道.in +街道e.g. at 88 Cha ng' an Street 长安街 88 号in Cha ng ' an Street 在长安街介词的其他用法1. about, on关于about （简单）,on （科技学术）e.g. They want to buy a book on AIDS.2. in in+语言：用某种语言in English i n + -颜色（衣服）穿着，颜色衣服in redpencil in+材料,表示用材料，in pencil意思是用铅

12、（材料）写的字, 前若有冠词a的话，前应用with。with+工具，表示用 ，with a pen用钢笔。3. on, through, over 通过方式learn English through TV . 通过电视学习英语。 hear it over the radio. 从收音机里听说这件事的。 learn English on the radio. 通过收音机里学习英语。 Watch the football match on television 通过电视看足球赛。4. besides, exceptbesides除了以外，还有（“ + ”）except （丄”）除了 We can

13、speak Chinese except Tom. Besides Tom, we can swim, too.5. 表乘某种交通工具有两种方法：A. by + 交通工具 = B. 介词 + 冠词 （物主代词 ） + 交通工具by bus = on the （his） bus.go to on foot = walk to + 地点 go to by plane = fly to + 地点 go to in a car = drive to + 地点6. with one 's help.= with the help of sb.With the help of you I have

14、 finished this work well. （ 在帮助下）We write with pens. （ 用工具 ）We eat with our mouth, see with our eyes. （ 用）I know the boy with the name Tom.（叫名）The girl with long hair is my friend. （ 长着 ）The boy is running with a kite. （随着）The man with a little boy is Mr Li.（带着）Please give me a cup of tea with sugar （