跨文化交际实用教程unit8PPT课件

1、English gas station All Greek to me: Meaningless and incomprehensible like someone who cannot read, speak, or understand any of the Greek language would be. All In The Same Boat: When everyone is facing the same challenges. An Arm And A Leg: Very expensive. A large amount of money.第1页/共39页English ga

2、s station A Taste Of Your Own Medicine: When you are mistreated the same way you mistreat others. Beat A Dead Horse: To force an issue that has already ended. Beating Around The Bush: Avoiding the main topic. Not speaking directly about the issue.第2页/共39页 英格兰人谈论苏格兰人和爱尔兰人的3则笑话: 1.一个爱尔兰人给旅游公司打电话：“我坐飞机

3、到伦敦将用多长时间？”办事员想看看飞机时刻表，对他说：“（请等）一分钟，先生！”“非常感谢！”爱尔兰人满意地答道并挂上了电话。 2.一个苏格兰人从英格兰回到了家。家人问道：“在伦敦怎么样？”苏格兰人答道：“还行！就是那些英格兰人很奇怪。我住在旅馆时，他们像疯子一样在我隔壁敲了一夜墙。”“那你当时干什么呢？”“我没干什么！我只是吹了一夜笛子！” 3.一个爱尔兰人前来伦敦度假，住进一家高级饭店。服务生拿起箱子，带他去房间。爱尔兰人生气地说：“看着点儿！别以为我来自爱尔兰，就让我住进这么个小房间！”服务生连忙解释道：“别生气，先生！这是电梯。”第3页/共39页United Nations Surve

4、y Last month, a world survey was conducted by the UN. The only question asked was: Would you please give your honest opinion about solutions to the food shortage in the rest of the world. The survey was a huge failure. In Africa they didnt know what food meant. In Eastern Europe they didnt know what

5、 honest meant. In Western Europe they didnt know what shortage meant. In China they didnt know what opinion meant. In the Middle East they didnt know what solution meant. In South America they didnt know what please meant, and In the USA they didnt know what the rest of the world meant. 第4页/共39页第5页/

6、共39页Humor 第6页/共39页第7页/共39页Failure to understand humor is a common occurrence. “You are also human” A compliment in America, but cause embarrassment in China.第8页/共39页Chapter 1: Humor as a Pathway to Intercultural Communication Competence Humor goes beyond language. Learning how to explain humor and h

7、ow to ask questions about humor is important for intercultural communication. A two-stage process is involved in sharing humor between native and non-native speakers.第9页/共39页Stage 1: making new conversational rules. There are many reasons why it is hard to explain humor. vocabulary sayings and idiom

8、s background knowledge some stereotyped images 第10页/共39页Elements that may hinder our understanding of English humor Vocabulary “Quid” is the modern word for what was once called a shilling”. friends are called “tossers”. If you are fond of someone, you should tell him he is a “great tosser” - he wil

9、l be touched. Sayings and idioms as close as an oyster 嘴很紧 polish the apple 讨人欢心; 拍马屁 第11页/共39页 Background knowledge “Were not amused.” This celebrated remark was from Queen Victoria, who was expressing her dissatisfaction toward something meant to be humorous. Some stereotyped imagesScientists are

10、considered nerdy and ugly.第12页/共39页Rule for Nonnative Speakers1.Abandon the old conversational rule：2.Make the new conversational rule： 3.Behavior necessary to implement new conversational rule：第13页/共39页1.Abandon the old conversational rule： Admitting incomprehension（不理解） and asking questions about

11、humor is stupid.第14页/共39页2.Make the new conversational rule： asking questions about humor is acceptable and it is a sign of courage rather than incompetence（无能力） As Confucius said ,it is better to be stupid for three minutes than for an entire lifetime.第15页/共39页3.Behavior necessary to implement new

12、conversational rule Asking questions and regulating conversations in terms of idiomatic verbal and nonverbal expressions.第16页/共39页Cultural and personal idiomatic verbal and nonverbal expressions Idiomatic verbal expressions its way over my head! I didnt get it. It left me out in the cold. Whoa! That

13、 was too quick for me. Idiomatic nonverbal expressions A “T” gesture. Raising the palm of the hand beginning at the middle of the forehead up over the head accompanied by a jet light sound第17页/共39页 n A”T” gesturesnRaising the palm of the hand beginning at the middle of the forehead up over the head

14、accompanied by a jet light sound 第18页/共39页Rule for Native Speakers1.Abandon the old conversational rule：2.Make the new conversational rule： 3.Behavior necessary to implement new conversational rule：第19页/共39页1.Abandon the old conversational rule： Checking whether the partner understands humor is trea

15、ting him or her as an ignorant child, which is rude and inappropriate第20页/共39页2.Make the new conversational rule： actively checking incomprehension and encouraging questions assists intercultural understanding, which is a sign of maturity and honesty rather than impropriety第21页/共39页3.Behavior necess

16、ary to implement new conversational rule Double check nonnative partners comprehension Indicate the fact that even native speakers sometimes fail to understand the humor Affirm and encourage the necessity of asking questions第22页/共39页Step 2: explaining humor “Out of the ordinary” Culture is usually i

17、mparted in a tacit way. tacit tsit adj. 心照不宣的, 缄默的, 默示的 They have a tacit understanding. 他俩心照不宣。第23页/共39页Comparison of syllogism and enthymeme Syllogism Major premise(s) minor premise(s) Conclusion Enthymeme minor premise(s) premise premis, premis,primaiz n. 前提 I wonder whether the whole premise is

18、right.我怀疑整个前提是否正确。 第24页/共39页Concepts: syllogism sildizm, sil.dizm n. 三段论法, 演绎推理, 诡辩 A syllogism involves a three-step formal reasoning process associated with formal logic. It consists of three premises. enthymeme en.mi:m n. 省略推理法, 省略三段论法 Pieces of syllogism are usually missing. They are assumed to

19、be understood. A speaker has to rely on his or her audience to provide the missing premises to reach the conclusion.第25页/共39页 syllogism Scientist are usually nerdy and ugly. (the major premise) Samuel is a scientist. (the minor premise) Samuel is quite nerdy and ugly. (the conclusion) enthymeme Majo

20、r premise(s) missing minor premise(s) provided (humor or text) Conclusion missing第26页/共39页Chapter 2：Converting Enthymeme into Syllogism第27页/共39页You might get confused Meat market? beef? Pork? Meet market a bar or nightclub where people can meet for social or romantic purposes第28页/共39页Three steps in

21、converting:1. Explaining the Minor Premises2. Constructing the Missing Major Premises 3. (Not) Reaching Conclusions第29页/共39页Step 1 Explaining the Minor Premises Explain the explicit messages seen in the cartoon A couple of scientists in a bar try to “meet” people第30页/共39页Step 2 Constructing the Miss

22、ing Major Premises Missing premise (a) the ordinary meat market behavior Missing premise (b) the stereotypes of scientists (Scientists are often portrayed as “nerdy”, meaning awkward, unfashionable, boring, and socially inept) 第31页/共39页 Nonnative speakers may understand: A scientific meat market is

23、a bar where nerdy people try to seek romantic encounters and strike up conversations by showing off impressive scholarly or academic credential rater than physical attractiveness, social status, and wealth.Step 2 Constructing the Missing Major Premises 第32页/共39页Step 3 Reaching Conclusion or Not Reached in analogous cultural context If not, humorous conclusions cannot be reached. a) their bars are different from the bars in America b) the stereotypes of scientists are positive第33页/共39页Step 3 Reaching Conclusion or Not Under such condition, native