美式音标复习与语法知识李俊杰PPT课件

1、 参考书：美国英语音标发音指南 主编：赖世雄 连音： 在句子或词组之中的某一字尾若是辅音，接下来的字字首是元音时，在正常的速度念法中是要连在一起的。 Take it easy. 慢读念法：tekitizi 连读念法：tekitizi美式音标复习美式音标复习第1页/共93页美式音标复习、“字尾辅音+自首元音”连读 P+元音 up and down pndn 上上下下 keep it up kipltp 坚持下去 stop it staplt 住手 t+元音 put it on putitan 把它穿上 not at all nattl 一点也不 put it off putitf 把它延期 d+

2、元音 stand up stndp 站起来 good idea gudidi 好主意 Dad and Mom ddndmam 爸爸妈妈第2页/共93页美式音标复习 k+元音 take off tekf 起飞 pick it up pikitp 把它拾起来 knock him out nkmut 把他击昏 n+元音 in an hour innur 一个小时 pen and paper pnndpep 纸和笔 clean and tidy klinndteidz 干净又整洁 r+元音 far away farwei 遥远 pair of shoes prvfuz 一双鞋 for instance

3、 finstns 例如 例如: andnd弱音节时发nd第3页/共93页美式音标复习 *“knock him out”中的“him”原本要发him的音，但在弱音节时则发m的音，原有的h不需要念出来。 * “in an hour”中的an本来要发n的音，但在弱音节时则发n的音。 整句例子： Come on! Cheer up! 别这样子！振作起来！ Ive got a lot of work to do.我有很多事要做 I meant it. 我说的是真的。 May I have a cup of milk? 我可以要一杯牛奶吗？ 第4页/共93页美式音标复习、某字字尾是辅音 某字字尾是辅音，之

4、后另有一字，而其字首亦有相同的辅音时，通常前者的辅音可省略，只念后者的辅音。这种情形常发生在p、t、k、d、g等辅音出现的时候。（音标内*表示憋气顿息之意） p+p deep pond di*pand keep pace ki*pes stop playing sta*plei t+t hot tea te*kr at two *tu part time par*taim k+k take care te*kr book case bu*kes black coffee bl*kafi d+d good day gu*de cold day kl*de red case r*drs第5页/共9

5、3页美式音标复习 g+g big game bi*gem big gate bi*get big garden bi*gardn 类似的辅音（如t与d、k与g、p与d）出现时方采用相同的省略原则。 t+d hot day ha*de sit down sz*dun put it down puti*dun d+t read table r*tebl round table run*bl good teachergu*tit k+g black gate p+b cheap book ti*buk第6页/共93页美式音标复习2、t与d的省略 在正常速度或快速的对话中，字尾有t或d时，通常不会把t

6、或d的发音清晰地念出来，而是快要念出来时马上憋气顿息，因此字尾t或d的发音常常是听不到的。 Let me try it. 让我试试。 le* i* Dont get me wrong. 不要误解我 don*ge* Good news. 好消息 Could be. 也许吧 gu* ku*第7页/共93页美式音标复习3、t的变音 在正常速度或快速的英语对话中，某字字尾有t的辅音 ，而之后另一字字首是元音时，t的发音通常会变成介 乎汉语拼音“d”与“t”之间的含糊音，亦即即像“d”又像“t” 的音。 词组： t+jt want you wantu meet you mitu d+jd would y

7、ou wudu could you kudu did you didu第8页/共93页美式音标复习句子： Glad to meet you. mitu Ive heard a lot about you. butu 久仰久仰 Could you do me a faver? kudu What would you like? wudu When did you come back? didu第9页/共93页 第一章 句子的构成 第一节 可充当主语的词类可充当主语的词类 第二节 关系代词所有格 第三节 准关系代词 第四节 that，those代替出现过的名词 第五节 独立不定式 第六节 疑问句+

8、不定式=名词短语 第七节 AS的主要用法语法知识 补充第10页/共93页 1、任何一个句子一定由主语（subject）及动词（verb.v）构成。 John(S) works(V) hard. He(S) plays(V) the piano well. Many(S) seems(V) to be fond of learning english.2、省略主语构成祈使句 （1）这种祈使句由原形动词(也称为动词不定式)引出。 Work hard! = (You should)work hard! 原形V Be quiet! = (You should)Be quiet! 原形V第一章 句子的构

9、成第11页/共93页第一章 句子的构成 （2）祈使句变成否定形式时，要在原形动词前加Dont Dont fool around.（别游手好闲） Dont be sily.（别傻了）第12页/共93页 一、名词 二、代词 三、动名词或不定式短语作主语一、限定修饰的形容词从句可简化为分词短语 限定修饰的形容词从句中，若关系代词为主语时该 形容词从句可简化为分词短语。 法则:（1）删除该关系代词； （2）之后的动词变成现在分词； （3）若动词为be动词，变成现在分词being后，可将being省略。第一节 可充当主语的词类第13页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类e.g1、The girl who

10、danced here yesterday is my sister. The girl who danced here yesterday is my sister. dancing(现在分词) = The girl dancing here yesterday is my sister.2、Who is that boy that is standing over there(限定修饰)? Who is that boy standing over there？3、I like the car which is packed in front of the post office. I l

11、ike car which is packed in front of the post office. = I like the car packed in front of the post office.第14页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类二、非限定修饰的形容词从句不可简化为分词短语 非限定修饰的形容词从句，即使关系代词为主语，通 常不能简化为分词短语。 I met John,who said that he loved Mary very much.(非限定修饰) I met John,saying that he loved Mary very much. 本例若简化成分词短语

12、会造成误导，而成为修饰主语I 的分词短语，译成“我一方面见到约翰，另一方面又说他 很爱玛丽。”句意与原句不符，非限定修饰的形容词从句 不可简化为分词短语。第15页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类三、非限定修饰的形容词从句可简化为先行词的同位语，但非限定修饰的形容词从句结构若为： Who(Which)+be+n.此时就可简化为先行词的同位语。 （1）删除who或which； （2）之后be动词变成现在分词being； （3）再将being省略，形成同位语。 I met Jhon,who is a good friend of mine.I met Jhon,being a good frien

13、d of mine. = I met Jhon,a good friend of mine.(同位语) 第16页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类 He works hard,which is a fact that is known to us.He works hard,being is a fact being known to us. = He works hard,a fact known to us. 注意：主语同位语可置于主语前后位置。 John,a good friend of mine,came to see me yesterday. (同位语) = A good frie

14、nd of mine,John came to see me yesterday. (同位语)第17页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类四、关系代词 a) 代替人时，主格用who(在所引导的形容词从句中作 主语)，宾格用whom(在所引导的形容词从句中作主语); b) 代替事物时，主格或宾格均用which； c) 代替整个句子时，主格或宾格均用which;五、关系代词使用三原则 a) 关系代词之前要有先行词(即代表人或事物的名词)； b) 关系代词在所引导的形容词从句中要作主语、宾语或be动词的补语 c) 否则关系代词之前一定要有介词。第18页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类1、以who、w

15、hom为例 He is a good student who studies hard.() He is a boy whom everyone loves. () He is a man whom enjoy working. () (work不及物动词) He is a man for whom I enjoy working. () （他是个我很乐意替他工作的人）或 He is a man with whom I enjoy working.() （他是个我很高兴与之共事的人）第19页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类2、以which为例： This is a problem which

16、 we should notice. () He has a car which was made in Germany. () The house which we live is very large. () live为不及物动词，故which无法做主语或宾语 ,而属于错误的结构，此时which之前就应置介 词。The house in which we live is very large. ()第20页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类六、介词与关系代词 关系代词之前有介词时，介词可移至所引导的形容词从句句尾，此时可省略关系代词。 He is a man with whom Ienjo

17、y working.= He is a man whom Ienjoy working with.= He is a man I enjoy working with. The house in which we live is very large.= The house which we live in is very large.= The house we live in is very large.注意：有些固定的动词短语（即动词+介词/动词+名词+介 词），不得将介词置于关系代词之前，以保持该动词的 完整性。第21页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类e.g : pay attent

18、ion to （注意） take over （取代） call on （拜访） warm up （复习） This is a question to which you should pay attention.(劣)This is a question (which) you should pay attention to.(优) The man on whom I called yesterday is my teacher. ()The man (whom) I called on yesterday is my teacher.()第22页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类七、Whic

19、h可代表整个句子 关系代词which若用以代替整个句子，which之前一定要 有逗点. Jhon,who was lazy,scored quite high marks on the exam,which somewhat surprised me.(which指代整个句子) (约翰很懒却考得相当高的分，这件事使我略感惊讶。)八、Which可代表前句中部分概念 关系代词which亦可用以代替前句中的部分概念，which 之前一定要有逗点。第23页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类 We spread our clothes in the sun to dry,which they did v

20、ery quickly.（=and they dried very quickly） which代替dry,they代替our clothes （我们把衣服摊开晒干，而它们真的很快就干了） He smokes three packs of cigarettes a day,which definitely does harm to his health. which代替smokes three packs of cigarettes a day这件事。第24页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类八、限定修饰与非限定修饰的区别 a) 非限定修饰 专有名词（如Jam,John,Jaipei）及独一性

21、名词，如father （爸爸只有一个），之后若接关系代词引导的形容词从 句时，该关系代词之前一定要置逗点。此时该形容词从 句就称为非限定修饰语。换言之，专有名词或独一性名 词本身就具有特殊性，不必再用形容词从句加以限定。e.g I met John,who is my classmate. (我遇到约翰，他是我的同班同学) 第25页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类 He has just been back from New York,which is a very big city in the United States. (他刚从纽约回来，那是美国的一个大城市。) Here comes

22、 my father（独一性名词）,who is an Eenglish teacher. （我爸爸来了，他是一个英语老师。） Thats my only son（独一性名词）,who is attending college now. （那是我唯一的儿子，他在读大学） I want to the train station this morning,which was crowded whith passengers. （我今早去火车站，车站里挤满了旅客）第26页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类 b) 限定修饰 一般名词若本身并未具有特殊性，可用形容词从句加 以限定修饰，以加强其特殊性。限

23、定修饰的形容词从句 ，其关系代词前不置逗点。 He is a boy who works hard. 先译形容词从句who works hard，再译被修饰的名词boy 而成。 I like the book which he bought yesterday. （我喜欢他昨天买的那本书）第27页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类 若一般名词之前已有形容词加以修饰而具有特殊性，或该名词本身就具有特殊性，该名词之后的形容词从句可依作者的爱好用限定修饰均可。 He is a good boy who studies hard,限定修饰 （他是用功的好孩子）或He is a good boy，who

24、 studies hard, （他是个好孩子，很用功）第28页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类 限定修饰与非限定修饰的区别在口语中听不出来，但在文字中就有显著的差异，同学使用时不可不谨慎，以免闹出笑话。 The is my mother who loves me very much. () (这是我那位很爱我的妈妈,本句暗示还有一位在恨你我) The is my mother， who loves me very much.() He is a man,who never breaks his words. () (他是男人，他从不食言。本句暗示读者是白痴，分辨不出他是男人) He is a

25、 man who never breaks his words. () (他是一个从不食言的人)第29页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类 c) 关系代词的省略 属于限定修饰（即关系代词之前无逗点）的形容词从 句中，若关系代词为及物动词的宾语，则该关系代词可 省略。若关系代词为介词的宾语，介词移至从句句尾时 该关系代词也可省略。 This is the boy whom I saw yesterday, = This is the boy I saw yesterday, I enjoy reading the book which I bought yesterday. = I enjoy

26、reading the book I bought yesterday.第30页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类 This is a question which you should pay attention to(介词). = This is a question you should pay attention to. This is the house in which he lives. = This is the house which he lives in. = This is the house he lives in. （在这里in是介词） d) that可做关系代词，

27、使用时有两个条件； (1)、that之前不准有逗点，换言之，that仅出现在限定 修饰的形容词从句中；第31页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类 (2)、that之前亦不可有介词。 I like the girl who(that) is sitting there. () I like the girl,that comes here every Monday. () I like the girl, who comes here every Monday. () （我喜欢那个漂亮女孩，她每周一都来这里） He is a man whom(that) we all respect. () T

28、his is the knife with which he killed Mary. () This is the knife with that he killed Mary. ()但：This is the knife which(that) he killed Mary with.()第32页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类九、只能用that的情况 在下列情况中，只能用that做关系代词，绝不可使用which,who或whom。 a) 序数词之后、 序数词 the+first/secondlast Gambling is the last thing that I would do,

29、 用which错误！（赌博是我最不愿做的一件事。） The first man that came here was Peter, 用which错误！第33页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类 b) 避免与疑问词重复 疑问词：what、where、when、how、which、who Who is the man that is standing there？（疑问词） (man是关系代词，that用who代替错误) (站在那里的人是谁？) What is it that he is reading? （疑问词） (it是关系代词，that用which代替错误) (他正在读什么？) Where

30、 is the book that you bought yesterday? （疑问词） (that用which代替错误) How is the man that called on you a moth ago? （疑问词） (that用who代替错误)第34页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类 c) 最高级之后 He is the best student that lve ever taught. (that用whom代替错误) In my video,the most beautiful scene that I ve ever seen is Mount Lushan. (that

31、用which代替错误) （以我之见，我所见过最漂亮的风景是庐山。）d) “the very+名词”之后 very做形容词时，是一种强调用法，之前一定置定词the翻译时very一词不必译出。 He is the very man that I met yestersay.(that用whom代替错误) = He is just the man that I met yestersay. (that用whom代替错误) 第35页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类e) all之后 All the students that are studing here are hardworking. (所有在

32、此念书的人都很感动) (that用who代替错误) All that he said is ture. (that用which代替错误)= Everything that he said is ture. (that用which代替错误) (他所说的都是实话） 注意：all之后的关系代词that在所引导的形容词从句中作宾语时，that通常均与省略。 All (that) he said is ture. All (that) you have to do is (to) wait. (你要做的就是等待)第36页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类 f) “the only+名词”之后 He is

33、 the only friend that I have.(that用whom代替错误) g) 句中若有两个相同关系代词引导的形容词从句出现时，为避免重复，第二个关系代词通常改用that取代。 He works hard,which is a fact which is known to us.(劣)He works hard,which is a fact that is known to us. (佳) h) 关系代词若作为be动词的补语，表示人的身份时要用that，不可使用who或which. He is not the man who he was.() He is not the m

34、an that he was.(that作was的补语) （他已不是当年的他了）第37页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类 i) 两个名词性质不一，但却共用一个关系代词时，该关系代词要用that取代。 Look at the boy and the dog that are coming this way. (注意看正朝这边走过来的男孩和狗)第38页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类十、形容词从句与插入语 形容词从句中的关系代词不受插入语的影响。 a) 插入语的构成方式：“主语+表认知的动词” I believe（我相信） I know （我知道） I think （我认为） I consid

35、er（我认为） I feel （我觉得） I find （我发现） b) 把形容词从句置入插入语的方法 (1)、先连一个含有限定修饰的形容词从句的句子 He is a man who never breaks his word. He is the man whom I met yesterday.第39页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类 (2)、再将插入语置于关系代词之后 He is a man who I think never breaks his word. S 插入语 本例中，who原本就做形容词从句中的主语，并未添加 插入语I think 而变成whom。 He is the m

36、an whom I belive I met yesterday. 本例中whom原本就做形容词从句中及物动词met的宾语. He is a man whom I think never breaks his word. () (此时的whom应改为who)第40页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类 c) think,believe,feel,consider,find等动词可做完全及物动 词或不完全及物动词。 I think(find/believe.）+that he is nice. 名词从句 = I think(find/believe.）+him to be nice. 宾语 补语

37、因此，此类动词在“who+be+补语”的形容词从句中有两 种句型变化。 (1)、做完全及物动词时：此类动词属于插入语 He is a man who I think(I find/I believe) is nice.() 插入语 Vi第41页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类 (2) 做不完全及物动词时：此类动词不再是插入语。 He is a man I I think(I find/I believe) him to be nice. ()He is a man I I think(I find/I believe) whom to be nice.()He is a man whom I

38、 think(I find/I believe) to be nice. () 换言之，以后见到这样的结构，表认知的动词之后有 is，are，was，were等be动词时，要用关系代词的主格 who;表认知的动词之后有to be时则用关系代词的宾格 whom。第42页/共93页第一节 可充当主语的词类十一、形容词从句可变为不定式短语 关系代词所引导的形容词从句中，若该关系代词之前有介词时，可变换成不定式短语。 He has no house in which he can live. = He has no house in which to live = He has no house to

39、 live in. He has no house which to live in.() (他没有房子住)第43页/共93页 一、关系代词所有格的功能 关系代词所有格及人称代词所有格 (his,your,their,our,its,.)变化而成，和关系代词一样引导 形容词从句，修饰前面的名词，请参阅下列例句，注意 关系代词所有格的功能。 She has an uncle. His name is Peter. = She has an uncle whose name is Peter. 形容词从句第二节 关系代词所有格第44页/共93页第二节 关系代词所有格 I like that hou

40、se. Its location looks good to me. =I like that house,whose location looks good 形容词从句 to me.我喜欢那栋房子，它的地点看起来不错。第45页/共93页第二节 关系代词所有格二、关系代词所有格使用三原则 Whose可以代替人或物，引导形容词从句 若想正确使用关系代词所有格须遵循以下三原则。 1、关系代词所有格之前要有先行词（即名词）; 2、该关系代词所有格所引导的名词要做形容词从句中的主语或宾语； 3、否则该关系代词所有格之前一定要有介词，该介词亦可移至形容词从句句尾。第46页/共93页第二节 关系代词所有格

41、 I hate John,whose words are seldom ture. 先行词 S I hate John,whose words I dont believe. 介词 vt I hate John,whose words I have no trust.() 本例中，whose words之前虽有名词John，但在所引导的形容词从句中已有主语I，及物动词have之后也有宾语no trust，故whose words无法做主语或宾语，结构错误，因此whosewords之前要置介词in第47页/共93页第二节 关系代词所有格 即、 I hate John,in whose words

42、 I have no trust.(劣) = I hate John,whose words I have no trust in.(佳)三、Whose Whose除可代替人以外亦可代替物，代替物时 ，whose+n.亦可被the+n.+of which或of which+the+n.所取代，即： whose+n. = the+n.+of which = of which+the+n.第48页/共93页第二节 关系代词所有格 I like to study in this school,whose family and facilities are topnotch.=I like to st

43、udy in this school,the family and facilities of which are topnotch.=I like to study in this school,of which the family and facilities are topnotch. (我喜欢在这所学校念书，它的师资及设备都是一流的) 本例中的the family and facilities of which 部分，其中which原为it，代替this school，即the family and facilities of it(=this school) are topnotc

44、h.但it应改为关系代词which，以便构成形容词从句，达到连接的目的。第49页/共93页第二节 关系代词所有格 This is a fancy car,whose color I like very much.=This is a fancy car,the color of which I like very much.=This is a fancy car,of which the color I like very much.第50页/共93页 一、准关系代词的种类 准关系代词只有三个：than,as,but I have more money than you (do). He h

45、as as much money as I(do). There is nothing but he konws. （没有他不知道的事情。）二、准关系代词形成条件 than,as,but之前若有名词，就可形成准关系代词.第三节第三节 准关系代词准关系代词第51页/共93页第三节 准关系代词三、准关系代词than的用法 than之前若有名词时than就等于than+前面的名词+关系代词（who,whom,which）.换言之，我们可将than视为关系代词，在所引导的从句中要做主语，宾语或be动词的补语。 1、主语 I have more money than is needed. n. 准关代

46、=I have more money than the money which is needed. 主语（我有的比我需要的还多）第52页/共93页第三节 准关系代词 More guests than were invivted came. n. 准关代 动词 =More guest than the guests who were invivted came. (来的客人比受邀请的多) 第一例中than之前的名词money是不可数名词, 故than之后的动词为单数is。 第二例中than之前的名词guests是可数名词复数 ,故than之后的名词的动词为复数的were。第53页/共93页第三

47、节 准关系代词 2、宾语 I have more money than is needed. n. 准关代 =than the money which I have more books than you have. n. 准关代 vt. =than the books which 但：than you have中的have与前面的I have中的have属于相同动词，所以为避免重复，第二个have就该成do,并可省略。可写成： I have more books than you do. 或 I have more books than you. 第54页/共93页第三节 准关系代词3、be

48、动词的补语 He is a better student than you are. n. 准代词 be动词 =than the student that 做me的补语 本例中的than the student that中，that原为who,但关系代词表身份时均用that取代。第55页/共93页第三节 准关系代词四、准关系代词as的用法 as之前若有名词时as就等于as+前面的名词+关系代词（who,whom,which）。换言之，我们可将as视为关系代词，在所引导的从句中作主语、宾语、或be动词的补语，唯as做准关系代词时只用于下列短语中； such +n. + as (和如此的) 如此的

49、(adj.) 和(conj.) the same + n. + as(和相同的) 同样的(adj.) 和(conj.) as + adj. +n. +as(和一样的)第56页/共93页第三节 准关系代词 1、 such +n. +as (1) 主语 I dont like such a man as tells lies. n. 准代词 vt. =as the man who (2) 宾语 I respect such an honest man as you described. n. 准代词 vt. =as the man whom （我尊敬像你所描述的这样诚实的人）第57页/共93页第三

50、节 准关系代词 (3)be动词的补语（通常省略动词be） In our company there is no such a man as John. n. 准代词 句子中的as =as the man that（表身份的关系代词做(is)宾语）。 （我们公司里没有像王先生这样的人） Such a lazy student as John(is)will on the desk. n. 准代词 =as the man who(who做is的补语)（像约翰这么懒的学生不会有成就）第58页/共93页第三节 准关系代词 2、the same + n. +as (1) 主语 I have the sa

51、me book as is laid on the desk. n. 准代词 =as the book which(关代作主语) （我有一本和放在桌子上那本一样的书） (2) 宾语 I have the same dictionary as you bought yesterday. n. 准代词 =as the dictionary which(关代作bought的宾语) （我有一本和你昨天买的一样的字典）第59页/共93页第三节 准关系代词 (3) be动词的补语（通常省略be动词） I have the same dictionary as this one (is). n. 准代词 =

52、as the dictionary that (他是最勤勉的人) (that关代,做do(即have)的宾语) 3、as + adj. + n. as (1)主语 He is as diligant a man as ever lived. n. 准代词 =as any man that (他是最勤勉的人) (关代做主语,其后有动词ever lived)第60页/共93页第三节 准关系代词 (2)宾语 I have as good a dictionary as you (do). n. 准代词 =as the dictionary which (我有一本和和你一样好的字典)(which关代,

53、做do(即have)的宾语) (3)be动词的补语（通常省略be动词） He is as good a man as John (is). n. 准代词 =as the man that 表身份的关代做(is)的补语第61页/共93页第三节 准关系代词五、such + n. + as Such a man like him is bad. （） 改正:Such a man as he (is) is bad.（） （像他这样的人是坏人）六、the same +n. + as(准关代)和the same +n. + that the same + n.+that 就是同一个（一个） 关代(不可用

54、who,whom,which代替)比较: I have the same bool as he is reading.(两本书) （我有一本书，与他正在看的那一本相同）第62页/共93页第三节 准关系代词 I borrowed the same book that he did last week.（一本书） （我借了一本书，就是他上周借的那本书） I borrowed the same book which he did last week.（） 七、as可代替主句 单独使用as时，as亦可做关系代词，等于which,用以代替整个主句。 He is nice,which is konwn t

55、o us. =He is nice,as is konwn to us. (他人很好，我们都知道。)第63页/共93页第三节 准关系代词 He works hard,which we all konw.=He works hard,as we all konw. （他很用功，我们都知道的。） 使用as取代which时，要注意以下几点；1、as引导的从句可置于主句的前后，而which引导的从句则只能置于从句之后。 He is nice（主句）,which we all konw. =He is nice,as we all konw. =As we all konw,he is nice. Wh

56、ich we all konwn,he is very nice.()第64页/共93页第三节 准关系代词 2、as + be +p.p.时，be动词可省略 He is nice,which was mentioned before. P.P. =He is nice,as was mentioned before. =He is nice,as mentioned before. （从前说过了，他人很好。） 3、注意下列特殊例子 He was drunk as usual. =as is usual with him. （和以往一样）第65页/共93页第三节 准关系代词 His condit

57、ions are as follows. =as what follows. (它的条件如下所示) 第二例中，不管前面的名词是单数或复数，动 词是现在时、将来时或过去时，as follows中的动 词follows一定要用单数现在时。 He listed the names as follows. =as what follows. (他列出的名单如下)第66页/共93页第三节 准关系代词八、 sothat （如此以至于） asas 修饰单数可数名词(和一样地) tooto （太而不） how （多么地） 以上四组短语中若置名词时，只能用可数名词单数。 He is so good a boy

58、that I like him. He is as handsome a man as Peter (is). （他是个像彼特一样英俊的人） He is too old a man to do it. （他太老了，不能做这事）第67页/共93页第三节 准关系代词 How great a man he is! (他是个多么伟大的人啊！) He is a so good student that I like him.() He is an as handsome man as Peter . () He is a too old man to do it. () How a great man

59、he is! () so(如此地)、as(一样地)、too(太)、how(多么地)均为副词，因此原词之后应加形容词以供修饰，然后再加不定冠词（a或an）及单数名词。 以上四种结构中，不可置可数名词复数或不可数名词。第68页/共93页第三节 准关系代词 1、sothat This is so good music(不可数名词) that I love it. () They are so good students that I like them. () 可数名词复数 但使用suchthat时可置任何名词。 This is such good music that I love it. ()

60、不可数名词 They are such good students that I like them. () 可数名词复数 He is such a good student that I like him. () 可数名词单数第69页/共93页第三节 准关系代词 2、asas This is as good music as that. () 不可数名词 They are as good students as those. () 可数名词复数 改正： This music is as good as that. () These students are as good as those.