剑桥商务英语(BEC)段落写作训练汇总费下载

1、剑桥商务英语(bec)段落写作训练- 段落的特点-般来说，段落主要由三部分组成，即主题句、扩展句和结尾句。主题句是篇章的核心，它表明作者的态度、观点、意图等，同时反映了段落的中心思想。主 题句应具备：一是明确的观点，二是有一定的概括性，能用其它句子來解释、描述、分析等。 扩展句主要围绕着主题句进行叙述，说叨或论述等。扩展句必须明确、具体。总结句指用一 句话将某一主旨进行归纳总结或概括，有吋还起承上启下的作用。总结句需要少主题呼应, 引发读者对段落主题的进一步认识。总之，篇章的主题必须统一，内容完整、结构连贯，长 度适度。段落的发展段落的扩展对构成-篇文章，展示文章的主题，有着举足轻重的作用。常

2、用的方式有：1. 排列顺序：既按照内容的主次、时间的先后或位置的先后來进行论证，陈述或解释。常用的词语有：first / firstly, second / secondly, furthermore, finally, above all, first and mostimportan t, to begi n/ star t with, in the seco nd place, moreover, to conclude, n ext, then, afterward lastly, in the end, eventually.2. 比较和对比：一般来说，比较包括相同点和相界点。对比则

3、仅指相界点。常见的词及词 组有：in comparison(with), 1 ikewise, similarly, in the same way, equal 1 y, but, in contrast with / to, instend, conversely, on the contrary, in / by contrast, while, correspondingly.3. 因果和推理：这种段落发展方式通常用于解释某件事发住的原因和结果。经常用到的因 果关系的动词和动词词组有:cause, produce, lead to, bring about, result from,

4、be due to, have an effect on, resuit in.因果关系的连接词有：due to, the fact that, for the simple reason, because (of), so that, consequently, hence, as a result, accordingly, therefore, so long as, so, thus, owing to, now that, for / as, since.4. 举例：用实例来说明作者的观点是举例段落的发展方式。采用举例的方式，使文章内容 更加充实,更富有内涵。常用于举例的词和词组有:

5、such as, for example, for instance, as an illustmti()n，to illustrate, a case in point, as follows, just as, just as, including， like短文短文的基本格式为：开始段，主体段和结论段。开始段是短文的中心，即主题。文章的开头 段必须把握两个原则：表明文章的主题使文章的发展有所遵循；引发读者的兴趣、使他确信 值得读下去。主体段，即文章的发展，是文章的中心的发展，它以文章的开头为线索，准确， 具体而充实地论证、说明或分析文章的主题。主体段须遵循1)文章的发展必须通畅、口然。2

6、) 文章的发展必须联贯统一。3)文章的发展必须长短适度。结论段：同文章的开头和发展一 样，文章的结尾也是写作成败的关键。它起着总结，概括全篇的作用，使主题更加鲜明，结 构更加完美。section i补充主题句1) , general ly, the standard of education is higher this is because colleges and universities have up-to-date equipment and other resources al so, teachers and 1 ectures are highly-ski1 led profe

7、ssionals who are aware of al 1 the latest developments in their fields of interest. a final point is that the overseas qualifications which a student obtains are valid usually anywhere in the world.2) these inelude defense capabilities and social security. private enterprise and the profit motive sh

8、ould not form part of these essential services on the other hand, some services could be provided by either governments or private groups or both. educat i on and heal th care are examples of such services a government must provide at least a basic level of education and health care so all citiens c

9、al 1 have access to them.3) every day there are opportunities to practice listening to and speaking with australians also, students can experience the culture first-hand, which is a great help when trying to understand the language this is especially true if they choose to 1 i ve wi th austral ians,

10、 as part of a home-stay fami 1 y, for example. furthermore, if students attend a language school full-time, the teachers will be native speakers.4) jose did not complete his mathematics yesterday. he spent the first fifteen minutes of the hour working on the first of the ten examination problems. he

11、 spent other minutes doodling on his test paper.5) one example is the word /zgraft"the verb to graft first meant merely to work english people once used the word in such expressions as " where are you grafting?, meaning " where are you working?，z. from this perfectly respectable meani

12、ng, the word has gradually changed. today graft refers to illegal gains won by dishonest politicians.剑桥商务英语(bec)段落写作训练二剑桥商务英语(bec)段落写作训练二section iii根据所给出的主题句场出支持句11. the most obvious advantage to overseas university study is real-j ife use of a different language.12 for the individual office worker,

13、 telocommuting would mean spending more time at home13. the younger generation is essential 1y different from the older generation.14. t like traveling by bus than traveling by airplane for three reasons.section iv用启、承、转,合词填空text 1teachers of foreign languages should be extremely well-qualified in o

14、rder to carry out their duties properly> 15), a teacher should possess a minimum of agraduate degree from a certified education school or instilute if he is to teach high school or below besides the academic degree, teachers should not consider teaching only as an occupation for earning money; th

15、ey should also be interested in teaching. it was 16)necessary that teachers be knowlcdgeable in theirmajor fields, 17) they should further more be ski 11ful as wel1. 18)_the language teacher must know the target language well enough to be imitated by his students. a teacher should 19)know the 1 ingu

16、istic facts of the 1 anguageof the students in order to understand problems they will have in learning the target language, 20) the teacher must be familiar with audio-lingual techniquesknowing al 1 this wi11 help the students to 1 earn correctly and quickly.text 221) studying too much may be harmfu

17、l to students. 22), many teachersexpec t their students to do more work than they can han die 23), pare nts do not realize that pressuring their children to study hard than called for can injuretheir children, s health 24) most parents know what growing boys and girls need relaxation as wel 1 as exe

18、rcise, 25) many students have no choice but to burn the candle at the both ends in order to get good grades and please their parents, but a physical ly weaker or social ly deprived chi id may not be able to keep up with such a hurried pace. accordingly, this pressure to study in excess of what is re

19、quired.1)university students like reading newspapers in englishdear editor:i am a student at renmin university of china in beijing as a regular who goes to the university libraryz s newspaper room, 1 have discovered that many students like reading newspaper in english, especially china dai 1y.the re

20、ason that china daily is popular among students is not difficult to explain.a major characteristic of china daily is the conciseness of its articles most of the articles are brief, clearly written and informative- many students are busy with their studies and donz t have much spare time. however, by

21、 reading china daily, readers can get up-to-date news about china and the world and enhance their reading capabilities at the same time and, more importantly, it doesn, t cost them a lot of time. in this sen se, chi ns daily is providi ng a sort of u fast-foodn to its readers- furthermore, china dai

22、ly also helps its readers improve their writing ski 11s eor those students who find english compositions difficult, articles on china daily serve as perfect examples.many fellow students told me that they had learned a lot from china daily about china and the world as a result they also improved the

23、ir reading and writing and got high marks in english exams.yours sincerely,lin weiying2) chinaz s most famous symbol in need of helpyears ago, walking the great wall in the bei jing region was like no other experience in china. tt was peaceful ; there were no coke cans or mineral water bottles to sp

24、oi 1 the viewit was quite simply the world7 s most spectacular open air museum.how things have changed! there are now cans and bottles, and sometimes much worse. while 1 used to spend most of recreational time climbing the great wall, 1 have found myself spending an increasing amount of time cleanin

25、g up the wall. in the last 18 months i have organized four great wall clean-up activities, mobilizing around 350 people to collect garbage. i ask myself, why is the great wall becoming such a dump?litter was not a problem at in the 1980s, because packagers of foods and drinks used traditional materi

26、als that were biodegradable or returnable now, as the market economy has expanded, consumption has boomed tn everyday life, plastic bottles, metal cans, foils and cellophane are widely used as disposable packaging materials. increased mobility as the result of mushrooming private car ownership has a

27、lso fueled the widespread use and abuse of disposable packaging.viewing this serpent of stone snaking across the mountains north of bei jing, t know that the great wall is the no 1 wonder of the world, a precious and unique cultural relic, a fragile wilderness. the great wall is in dan ger of becomi

28、ng just a symbol, despoi 1 ed in real i ty. t hope that more people can start to show their 1 ove for the great wall in action.3) wealth and happinessweal th has always been what some peopl e long for. tt i s true that most of them try to acquire wealth by mea ns of hon est labor thoir efforts con t

29、ribute to the welfare of the society and at the same time to the accumulation of their weal th, and hence to their happiness.there i s no doubt that weal th brings happiness, especially in the modern society. various kinds of up-to-date household appliances, latest fashions and recreations make thei

30、r appearance with each passing day. all this makes our life more comfortable and colorful. therefore, without money we cannot turn admiration into reality.but there are except i ons when weal th does not go hand in hand with happ in ess. wealth may tempt weak-wi 1 led persons to be addicted to harmf

31、ul habits, such as drug-taking and gambling, and result in their own ruin. also, a person may lost his rcason and go astray if he is entirely devoted to seeking weal th.in my opinion, on no account can we identify wealth with happiness. 1 also believe that one should never rely only on wealth to ach

32、ieve happiness.剑桥商务英语(bec)段落写作训练三4) the fight against crimetoday the crime rate in some of our cities seems to be rising. many citizens complain about the thefts and robberies which take place in their street blocks therefore, more and more people are appealing to the authorities to take strong meas

33、ures to reduce the crime rate.faced with criminals, different people have different attitudes towards them some become so frightened that they tend to give up fighting or to turn a blind eve to the criminals. others, however, are brave enough to fight the criminals even at the risk of their own live

34、s. tn their eyes, responsibi1ity is the most important of all the values that hold honest people together without it there can be no self-respect, no trust, no law-and, ultimately, no society. there is no doubt that they set a good example for all of us to follow.as far as t am concerned, my suggest

35、!ons are as fol low. tn the first place, every one of us should receive a law education. secondly, criminals must be punished severely. final ly, it is urge nt to set up a foun dat i on to reward those who fight criminals. in this way we can stand up to any crime and smash it.5) challenges of enviro

36、nmental issues7) edueat10n in chinain the wave of the economic reform, many scholars and educators have realized that china' s education system, especially the higher education, has to gear itself to the market economy.first of all, the present college education system cannot meet the needs foll

37、owing the development of the market economy. for example, the enrollment and job assignment which are carried out in the conventionally planned manners, should be reformed.the competition in the next century will be based on natiorml strength and on science and technology. therefore, training high-c

38、alibre professional is important.some one suggested to build 20 to 30 quality universi ties in a bid to train high-level professionals but this is far from enough if the state wants to succeed, it has to develop appl ied science, high-tech, interdiscipl inary sciences and engineering technology the

39、universities should try to readjust their syllabus in order to moot the needs of economic and social development. the reform is a iong-term job the second problem is concerning the expenditure of universities and colleges. the expenditure comes mainly from the state and the marketing of research fin

40、dings: but i t is not enough to rely on al locations from the state and the income of the school. now many schools have asked the students to pay a certain amount of fees this is workable because china' s col lege education is not compul sory and with the improvement of people7 s living standard

41、s, parents are willing to pay for education, colleges can set up scholarships and students loans for outstanding students from low- income families.from a strategic point of view, the country should increase expenditure on education. if china want to strengthen her overal 1 national strength, the be

42、st way is to start from cducation.8)a sane person should be at peace both with himself and with others. at work, for example, the successful busincssman first creates ideas in his own mind, and then presents his plans to a committee where they can be improved upon by the wisdom of them 1 believe tha

43、t study also comprises the two sides of solitary work and group activity.wisdom always recognizes the worth of others. firstly, there is so much to be learned from the expertise of a genuinely knowledgeable teacher. secondly, other students can offer different perspectives of a topic. on a practical

44、 basis, friends can be useful for recommending the perfect textbook and so forth. tn learning a forei gn language, the student should always try to find friends who are native speakers of the target ianguage. tt is with sadness, contempt and cynical disbelief that i see a certain type of foreign stu

45、dent departing from a host country: by slavishly working in the library the student is awarded with high academic marks, but he or she has never spoken to a native speaker for any other reason than for petty power and financial gain. the insular academic student should remember the engl ish saying t

46、hat "no man is an island".there is no substitute for self-study, for the solitary labor of reading and reflective thought. tf a person is to master any academic subject, he must first read extensivel y. until he does so, he can only con tribute superficially to the group. quiet reading enc

47、ourages the student to think for himself. by thought and reflection the student begins to understand the world. seif-study (as the word implies) is also an inward 30urnev. when the student re-emerges from the forest of his own character, he gains one of the highest forms of learning-thst of self-kno

48、wledge. free from self-deceit, he is only then truly ready to create within the collective economyoverall, although i have argued for both methods, i prefer self-study to group interaction. too much conversation can lapse into idleness; and weaker students sometimes attempt to take more than they co

49、ntribute. self-study is at the base of learning most important of all is the fact that a person has to learn about and control himself before he is prepared to present his opinions to others. just as the businessman requires many years of experience to learn about commerce and industry so the studen

50、t requires many years of reading.environmental protection has aroused great concern among people. in many cities, especially in big populous cities, environmental pollution has become really serious for example, an urban population of 12 million and 1. 4 minion vehicles in beijing puts great pressur

51、e on resources and the cnvironment, the underground water level in beijing has continued to decrease in recent years due to excessive use. coal burning, exhaust emissions from vehicles and factories also intensify the cityz s environmentai problems. we have to pay the historical debts we owe to the

52、environment because of early rapid economic development.however, pol lution control does not have to hinder economic development. tn a sense, it is a stimulation to the economy because pollution controls motivate enterprises to aim for higher industrial standards and start a material and resource ef

53、ficient production. the exhaust control on vehicles can be cited as an example. some municipal governments require that the pollutant level in vehicle emissions be control 1 ed to reduce air pol lution. unleaded gasol ine has al so been promoted during the past year as a result, automobi le and chem

54、ical factories have to enhaneo their production technology to meet the demandnow some municipal governments have also taken such measures to stop the pollution as replacing coal with natural gas, reducing dust and deforestation to improve the lives of residents. in beijing, 30 per cent of fuel used

55、in urban centers will come from natural gas low sulfur coal is replacing high sulfur coal for factories many small boi 1 ers and kitchen ranges in restaurants and dining hal 1 s have been replaced by gas ovens.as we can see that the measures have been effectively combating pollution. the air sulfur

56、dioxide density has been on the decline since this year, and the density of total suspended particles 且nd carbon monoxide bas been kept on the same 1 evel as last year though the donsity of nitrogen oxides continues to increase because of the rising of the number of automobi 1 es, the degree of grow

57、th has been reduced.despite the progress some big cities have achieved in improving the local environment, we believe that big city planners should adopt a comprehensive environmontai policy, which is more important than the detailed measures and achievement.6) opportunities don' t come often. t

58、hey come every once in a while. very often, they come quietly and go by without being noticed. therefore, it is advisable that you should value and treat them with carewhen an opportunity comes, it brings a promise but never realizes it on its own. if you want to achieve something or intend to fulfi

59、ll one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared. otherwise, you will take no advantage of opportunities when they come to visit you.the difference between a man who succeeds and one who does not 1 ies only in the way each treats opportunities the successful person always makes adequate preparations to meet opportunities as they duly arrive the unsuccessful person, on the other h