初中定语从句总结用法大全

1、定 语 从 句走进中考定语从句的难点在于同学分析不清晰先行词，不能正确使用关系代词和关系副词， 不能正确懂得定语从句中的一些特殊用法；中考对于定语从句的把握要求如下：1. 把握关系代词的用法， 特殊是 that ， which， who ， whom，whose作主语、表语和定语的用法；2. 把握关系副词when ， where ， why引导定语从句的用法；3. 把握“介词 +关系代词”的用法，特殊是介词的选取和使用；4. 把握关系代词that和 which的用法的异同；5. 把握表示地点或时间的名词充当先行词时，关系代词和关系副词的挑选问题；思维导图概念和位置定语从句位置、概念及构成先行词

2、和关系词定语从句的构成that 引导定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句which 引导who ， whom 引导whose引导when 引导where 引导why引导只用that 不用 which的情形只用which 不用that定语从句使用的留意事项定语从句中的主谓一样关系代词和关系副词的区分介词 +关系代词1. 定语从句的概念和位置在句子中起定语作用的从句成为定语从句；定语从句在句子的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词从句；（在复合句中， 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句）；e.g.: do you know the girl who is singing on the

3、stage.this is the museum which was built last year.2. 先行词和关系代词被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般放在先行词的后面；引导定语从句的词叫关系词，指代先行词， 放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句的某一个成分（主语、宾语、表语、状语等）；定语从句关系词关系代词that, who, whom, whose, which关系副词when, where, whye.g.: the man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.先行词关系代词（在从句中做主语） the tr

4、ain which has just left is for shenzhen. 先行词关系代词（做主语）let s finda place where we can have a picnic.先行词关系副词（地点状语）定语从句的构关系代词 =连接词 +代词成：he has a car. +the car has 7 seats.= he has a car and it has 7 seats.= he has a car which has 7 seats.the hotel is very clean. + we stayed here.= the hotel where we sta

5、yed was very clean.we met a man. + the man directed us to the factory.=>we met a man and he directed us to the factory.=>we met a man who directed us to the factory.3. 关系代词引导的定语从句出题点： a 指代人的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法；b指代物的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法；关系代词在句子中起连接、替代的作用，在句子中充当肯定的成分，修饰前面的先行词；引导定语从句的关系代词that ，which ，

6、 who， whom， whose，主要用法如下表格：先行词主语宾语全部格人who/thatwhom/thatwhose事物、动词which/thatwhich/thatwhose人+动物thatthat人+事物关系代词与一般代词的区分：一般代词只起替代作用；关系代词替代先行词，在定语从句中充当肯定的成分，同时把先行词与定语从句联系在一起，起连词的作用；i. that 引导的定语从句that可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语；作宾 语时可以省略；作介词宾语时，介词不行提到that之前，如介词提到前面，指物用 which 指人用 whome.g.: views that are

7、 entirely new may also be hard to accept.we need a person that is right for the job.the picture that we are studying was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.ii. which 引导的定语从句which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语； 作宾语的关系代词which可以省略（放介词后除外）：e.g.: the river which runs through the center of the city was polluted seri

8、ously.the story which he told was very popular.the house in which i used to live has become a shoe shop.iii. who，whom引导的定语从句二者都用于指人； who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语；作宾语的关系代词who，whom可以省略（介词后作宾语的关系代词除外）e.g.: -we are proud of mo yan.-yes. he is a great writer who won the nobel prize in literature in 2021

9、.e.g.: her sister married a man who/whom she met on a plane.留意 ：先行词为 one, ones, anyone 或 those 时，定语从句中的关系代词用 whoe.g.: god helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助之；重点提示 : whom 在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom 前面时，不能用who 代替： e.g.: the person to who you just talked is deep. 错误 应当为 to whom或者可以这样表达： the person who/

10、whom you just talked to is deep. （ 正确）在现代英语中，定语从句中作宾语的关系代词whom 可以用 who 代替，但 who 不用于介词之后；在非限定性定语从句中，whom 不行用 who 代替；iv. whose引导的定语从句 whose可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语； e.g.: do you know the girl whose japanese is excellent.i d likea room whose window looks out over the sea.重点提升 ：有时“ whose+名词”可用“限定词 +名词+of whi

11、ch/whom ” 或者“ of which/whom+ 限定词+名词”来替代；e.g.: he lives in a house whose windows face south.= he lives in a house whose windows face south.= he lives in a house the windows of which face south.另：whose+名词引导定语从句时，名词前不能再接限定词，只有转换为“限定词+名词+of which/whom ”或“ of which/whom+ 限定词 +名词”时，名词前面可以有限定词；4. 关系副词引导的定语

12、从句出题点 ：关系副词 when， where，why 的用法关系副词在定语从句中充当状语，一般不行省略；常用的关系副词有when， where ，why 等；挑选哪一个关系副词要看其前面的先行词；关系副词先行词在从句中充当的成分where表示地点的名词地点状语when表示时间的名词时间状语whyreason缘由状语e.g. i remember the day . + we first metthen .= i rememberthe day when we first met.关系副词作时间状语，相当于on which（1） ） when 引导定语从句when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状

13、语；它的先行词通常为time ，day， week 等表示时间的名词；此时经常可用on which ， in which ，during which等替代；e.g.: april the first is the day when people make fun of others. i still remember the time when i first travelled by plane.留意：当表示时间的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，关系代词不能用when；（2） ） where 引导的定语从句where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语； 它的先行词常为place，house，co

14、untry 等表示地点的名词；此经常可以用 in which ，at which 等替代；e.g.: last year my parents went tothe farm where they worked 30years ago.先行词关系副词作地点状语，相当于inwhichkeep the books in a place where you can find them easily.先行词关系副词作地点状语，相当于at which（3） ） why 引导的定语从句why 指缘由，在定语从句中作缘由状语，它的先行词通常为reason ，此经常可以用 for which来代替；e.g.:

15、 i know the reason why she left you.先行词关系副词作缘由状语please tell me the reason why she is crying so badly.留意： 先行词是 the reason，关系副词 why 在定语从句中充当缘由状语；但是当先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，关系代词不能用why ，要用 that 或which 引导；5. 定语从句中的留意事项出题点 ：a.只用 that 不用 which 的情形b只用 which 不用 that 的情形c定语从句中的主谓一样d“介词 +关系代词”结构中介词的挑选（ 1） 只用 that 不用

16、which 的情形；a 先行词时不定代词或者被不定代词修饰时先行词是 anything， everything， nothing，few，all, none, little, some 等， 或者由 every， any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等不定代词修饰时，关系代词用 that 不用 which；e.g.:have you taken down everything that mr. li has said.any man that doesn t have a sense of duty can t do the thing well.b.

17、先行词时序数词或者形容词最高级或者被其修饰时e.g.: the first thing that my brother is going to do this afternoon is to study physics.i have found the best waythat could finish the test.c. 先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时e.g.: he was watchingthe children and parcelsthat filled with the car.jack took photographs ofthe things and peopleth

18、at he was interested in.d. 当主句是以 who 或者 which 开头的特殊疑问句时e.g.: who is the personthat is standing at the gate.which is the bike that you lost.e. 先行词前有 the only，the very 等修饰时e.g.: this is the very dictionary that i want to buy.after the fire, the old car was the only thing that he owned.留意：当主语是以 here ，

19、there开头且先行词是指物的名词时，用that而不用 which 引导；e.g. ： here is the book that you are looking for.口诀记忆：只用 that的情形： the only，the very， the same ，no， any 先行词即有人又有物，高级，不定和序数；（ 2）只用 which 不用 that 的情形a. 关系代词前有介词且指物时e.g.: i m looking for a containeinr which i can put all these peaches.a zoo is a park in which many ki

20、nds of animals are kept for exhibition.b. 先行词本身就是 that 时e.g.: i don t liktheat which he did.what is that which is on the ground.c. 引导非限定性定语从句时非限定性定语从句的关系代词或关系副词与先行词之间常用逗号隔开；e.g.: football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.their house was washed away by the floods, which

21、 made them sad.另： 限定性定语从句即我们中学阶段所学的定语从句，定语从句和先行词之间的关系亲密，不用逗号隔开，说明先行词的性质、身份、特点等，不能去掉；非限定性定语从句主要起补充说明的作用，往往用逗号与先行词隔开， 去掉后不影响主句的意义；（ 3）定语从句中的主谓一样这里指关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式要与先行词一样的问题； 先行词时单数时， 从句的谓语动词用单数； 先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数；e.g.: the manwho is playing football is my pe teacher.i love singers who

22、write their own music.要点提升：“one of + 复数可数名词”充当先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式； “ the only/very/right one of +复数可数名词”充当先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式；e.g.: tom is one of the students who were awarded.tom is the only one of the students who was awarded.（ 4）“介词 +关系代词”结构中介词的挑选a.依据定语从句中的谓语动词判定一般定语从句的谓语动词假如是及物动词，后面没有宾语时就用关系代词；假

23、如是不及物动词就用关系副词；e.g.: this is the factory that/which i visited last year.this is the factory where i used to work.小贴士 ：定语从句中到底用关系代词仍是用关系副词，把握好一个原就： 弄清晰它在从句中充当什么成分，充当状语，即用关系副词，反之就用关系代词；b 依据定语从句中所缺少的成分判定分析定语从句缺失何种成分 （主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语），假如缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语用关系代词；缺少状语用关系副词；e.g.: is this the museumthat/which you visited a few days ago.visited后面缺少宾语is this the museumwhere the exhibition was held.was held 后面缺少地点状语（ 5） “介词 +关系代词”的用法有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代词之前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，该结构中个关系代词可用which，whose，whose，w