公司金融复习公式

1、公司金融复习第二章：财务报表、税收和现金表The balance sheet(资产负债表 )Assets=Liabilities + shareholders equityAssets : current assets; fixed assetsCurrent assets : cash; accounts receivable; inventoryLiabilities:current liabilities; long-term debtCurrent Liabilities:Accounts payable; Notes payableOwners equity: common stoc

2、k and paid-in surplus; retained earningsThe income statement(损益表 )Revenuesexpenses = incomeEBIT= net salescost of goods solddepreciationTaxable income = EBITinterest paidNet income = taxable incometaxes=dividends + addition to retained earningsEarnings per share = net income/ total shares outstandin

3、gDividends per share = total dividends/ total shares outstandingAverage versus Marginal Tax Rates(平均税率和边际税率)Average tax rate=total taxes paid/ total taxable incomeMarginal tax rate: the amount of tax payable on the next dollar earnedCash flow( 现金流量 )NWC=current assets-current liabilitiesCash flow fr

4、om assets = cash flow to creditors + cash flow to stockholders1 / 6Cash flow from assets = operating cash flow-net investment in fixed assets-change inNWCoperating cash flow=EBIT +depreciation-taxesnet investment in fixed asset=ending net fixed assets-beginning net fixed assets +depreciationchange i

5、n NWC=ending NWCbeginning NWCcash flow to creditors=interesting paidnet new borrowingcash flow to stockholders=dividends paidnet new equity raised第三章：与财务报表相关的工作Standardized financial statements(标准化的财务报表)Common-Size Balance sheets(共同比报表 )：用百分比代替具体金额的报表Common-Size Income sheets(共同比损益表)：同上Ratio analysi

6、s (比率分析 )短期偿债能力比率Current ratio = current assets / current liabilities（流动比率）Quick ratio = (current assets - inventory)/current liabilities(速动比率 )Cash ratio = cash/current liabilities长期偿债能力比率Total debt ratio = (total assetstotal equity)/total assetsDebt-equity ratio=total debt/total equityEquity multi

7、plier = total assets/ total equityTimes interest earned=EBIT/interest2 / 6Cash coverage ratio= (EBIT+ depreciation)/interest资产管理比率或周转率Inventory turnover=cost of good sold/inventoryDays sales in inventory=365 days/inventory turnoverReceivables turnover=sales/accounts receivableDays sales in receivabl

8、e =365 day/ receivable turnoverTotal asset turnover = sales/total assetsCapital intensity=total assets/sales获利能力比率Profit margin = net income/salesReturn on assets (ROA)= net income/total assetsReturn on equity(ROE)= net income/total equityROE=(net income/sales)*(sales/assets)*(assets/equity)(杜邦等式 )市

9、场价值比率EPS=net income/shares outstandingPrice-earnings ratio=price per share/earnings per sharePrice-sales ratio=price per share/sales per shareMarket-to-book ratio = market value per share/book value per sharebook value per share=book value of equity/shares内部增长率和可持续增长率Dividend payout ratio=cash divid

10、ends/net income（股利支付率）Retention ratio=addition to retained earnings/net income=1- Dividend payout ratio3 / 6( 盈利留存率b)Internal growth rate=(ROA*b)/(1-ROA*b) (内部增长率 )Sustainable growth rate=(ROE*b)/(1-ROE*b) (可持续增长率 )ROE=profit margin * total assets turnover * equity multiplier第四章：货币的时间价值Future value

11、factor=(1+r)tPresent value factor=1/(1+r)tBasic present value equation: pv=fv/(1+r)tenter3151000N1/YPMTPVFVSolve for-657.50So we need invest 657.50 today答题格式第五章：折现现金流的价值评估多重现金流的终值和现值根据贴现率计算即可fv=c*(1+r) t-1)/rpv=c*(1-(1/(1+r)t )/r年金（区别普通年金和预付年金付款时间）永续年金pv=c/rEAR( 有效年利率 )=(1+quoted rate（名义利率）/m) m-14 / 6EAR( 有效年利率 )=(1+APR （贷款的年百分率）/12) 12-1贷款类型：Pure discount loans(纯贴现贷款 )Interest-only loans(仅付息贷款 )Amortized loans (分期摊销贷款 )第六章：利率与债券价值用好这个公式即可名义收益率与实际收益率（费雪效应）1+R=(1+r)(1+h)R：名义收益率r：实际收益率h：通货膨胀率第七章：股票市场与股票定价Pt=D t+1/(R-g)g 为股利增长率R 为要求收益率考试有关事项1 零息债券必出题2 债券面值若未指出默