初中英语专项练习语法专练之简单句的句子成分及基本句型

1、语法专练之简洁句的句子成分及基本句型英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词根据肯定的规章所组成的； 不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的；因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、懂得句的子含义，并能精确地 遣词造句，逐步达到流利地说出地道；的英语组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分；它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等；1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当；如：the car is running fast.名词 we are students.代词one of my classmates is from sha

2、nghai.数词 it's bad manners to spit in public.不定式 eating too much is bad for your health.动名词 【留意】如不定式短语作主语常用it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式短语 放在句后；2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当；动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词；实义动词单独作谓语， 连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to 的不定式构成合成谓语， 助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分； 如：he works in a factory.实义动词 i felt cold.

3、 系动词表语 how can i get to the station？情态动词实义动词 do you speak english？ 助动词实义动词 they are working in a field.助动词实义动词 【留意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照料；3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当；如：he is doing his homework.名词 they did nothing this morning.代词 she wants to go home.不定式 we enjoy playing football.动名词 【留意】有的动词可接双宾

4、语， 间接宾语指人， 直接宾语指物；这类动词常见的有： give ，buy ，lend ， pass ， tell ， leave 等；如：he bought me a book.pass me the ball，will you ？ 间宾直宾 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但如把直接宾语放在前面， 就要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to 或 for 等；如：han chen lent some money to li hai.直宾间宾 xiao liu bought a dictionary for tom.直宾间宾 有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词；这类动词有：want ，wish ，

5、 hope ，promise ，decide ，agree ， choose ，care 等；如：i hope to see you again.有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语， 而不用不定式；这类动词有：enjoy ，finish ， mind ，practise ，miss ， suggest ，keepon 等；如：do you mind my opening the window？有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同；aforget to do表示“未发生的动作 ”， forget doing表示“已完成的动作”；如：don't forget to come here earlie

6、r tomorrow.仍没来 i forgot returning the book to him.书已仍给他了 bstop to do 不定式为状语 表示“停下原先的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止做某事 ”；如：i stopped to talk with him.我停下来与他谈话； the students stopped talking when the teacher came in.老师进来时同学们停止谈话；4.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当；如： what a beautiful kite it is！形容词 she is a

7、chemistry teacher.名词there are two students in the classroom.数词 we have something to do tomorrow.不定式 the man in blue is my brother.介词短语 【留意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但如修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，就放在后面；5.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当； 单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末；如：thank you very much.副词i get up at five in the

8、 morning.介词短语 he is studying hard so as to catch up with others.不定式短语 we were having breakfast when the telephone rang.从句【留意】 enough 作状语只能放在被修饰词之后；如：he is old enough to go to school.6.表语：用于说明主语的身份、 特点或感受， 一般由名词、 数词、形容词、分词等充当；常用的连系动词有：be，look ，get，sound 听起来，feel ，become ， smell ，turn ，taste 尝起来 等；如：t

9、hey are workers.名词 two and three is five.数词the story is very interesting.形容词 m y job 工作is teaching english.动名词 she is at home.介词短语 i feel terrible. 形容词 the dish tastes delicious.形容词 7.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语；需接复合宾语的动词有：tell ， let，help ，teach ， ask ，see ， have ，order ，make 等； “宾补”

10、一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当；如：we elected him monitor.名词i found it difficult to learn english well.形容词 the doctor told me to do more exercise.不定式短语 he is going to have his hair cut.过去分词 they saw a bird flying in the sky.现在分词 简洁句的五种基本句型1. s+v此句型的特点是 : 谓语动词是不及物动词 , 本身能表达完整的意思, 后面不需跟宾语 , 但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语；如:he

11、 laughed.john has read widely.he lives in london.2. s+v+o 此句型的特点是 : 谓语动词是及物动词 , 不能表达完整的意思 , 必需跟有一个宾语；如 :our team beat all the others.3. s+v+p此句型的特点是 : 谓语动词是连系动词 , 不能表达完整的意思 , 必需加上一个说明主语特点、身份、状态的表语；常见的系动词有 :be 是,become 成为,get变得,turn变得,grow变 得,look看起来 ,feel感到,smell闻起来 ,taste尝起来,sound听起来 ,seem 好像,keep保

12、持,stay保持 等；如 : the rose smells sweet.4. s+v+ino+do此句型的特点是 : 谓语动词跟有两个宾语 , 这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承担者, 其中指人的是间接宾语, 指物的是直接宾语；当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时, 通常需要加介词for或to ；可跟双宾语的动词有:answer,bring,buy,find,get,give,lend,make,pass,pay,send,show,sing,take,teach,tell,write等；如 : mr. li told us an interesting story.would you please gi

13、ve this dictionary to li hua.5. s+v+o+oc此句型的特点是 : 谓语动词虽然跟有一个宾语, 但意思仍不完整 , 必需加上另外一个成分 宾语补足语 对宾语进行补充说明；可以用作宾语补足语的有: 名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分 词、介词短语等；如 :we must keep our school clean.they made him their monitor.【注】 s=subject 主语; v=verb谓语动词 ; p=predicative表语; o=object宾语; ino=indirect object间接宾语 ;do=direct objec

14、t直接宾语 ; oc=object complement宾语补足语 简洁句句子翻译专练 ：1 beth 特别善于游泳；beth .2 这个箱子装满书；the box books. the box books/3 我妈妈由于我的错误很愤怒；mymother because .4 这个小孩怕狗； .5 你能递给我一些盐吗？could you me.6 我们为你的进步而骄傲；we you for your great progress.7 这部电影让我对科学发生了爱好；the movie science.8 他们都对对这个令人兴奋的消息感到兴奋；they the news.9 下次不要再上学迟到了；

15、 school again.10 我们应当对那些动物友好些；we should the animals.11 你们认为他聪慧吗？do you think ,do you think .12 人们应当被阻挡砍伐太多的树木；peopleshould too trees.13 bob 总是花许多时间玩电脑嬉戏吗？ bobalwaysspend computer games.14 你需要有人帮你搬运货物吗？do you need anyone the goods.15 昨天晚上，他妈妈直到十点才回到家；his mother home until 10 oclock last night.16 秋天的天

16、气不冷也不热；it s cold hot in autume.17 你最好脱掉你的外套；you had better .18 她不仅会说英语，仍会说汉语；shecan english, chinese.19 今日的报纸上有什么重要内容吗？is there in todays newspaper.20 这座山没有你想象的那么危急；the mountain is than you think.21 这位外国伴侣来中国已经半年了；theforeignfriendhas china a year.22 寂静点，小孩在睡觉； , the baby .23 昨晚的雨好像下得很大；the rain seem

17、ed very last night .it seemed last night.24 miss yang教我英语；miss yang .25 多美丽的一块手表啊！what it is. the watch is.26 多好的天气呀！what it is . what it is.27 我很兴奋又在这儿见到你；im very you here .28 他们最终以唱英语歌终止了这个班会；theyan englishsong at the class meeting.29 不要担忧我； . .30 kitty 以前学习不仔细，但她现在变得越来越仔细了；kittydidnt study , but

18、she becomes now.answers:1is,very,good,at.swimming;2is,full,of;is,filled,with;3is,very,angry,with,me,of,my ,mistakes;4 the child is afraid of dogs.5 pass,some,salt,to;6 are,proud,of;7make,me,interested,in;8are,all,excited,about,exciting;9dont,be,late,for;10be,friendly,to;11him,clever;he,is,clever;12b

19、e ,stopped,from,cutting,many;13does,too,much,time,playing;14to,help,you,tocarry;15didnt,return;16 neither,nor;17 take offyour coat;18 speak not only;but also; 19 anything, important;20less,dangerous;21been,in,for,half;22be,quiet,is,sleeping;23heavy;to,rain,very,heavily;24teaches,me,english;25a,nice,

20、watch; how,nice; 26 a,fine,day; fine,weather27 glad,to,see,again;28 ended,up,singing;29 dont, worry,about,me; dont,be,worred,about,me;30 use,to,carefully; more,and,more,careful;挑选填空1. my mother my sister watches tv plays these days.a. either, norb. both, andc. neither, ord. neither, nor2.-which woul

21、d you like, rice or noodles.- is ok. i'm hungry.a. eitherb. neitherc. bothd. all3. we found necessary to protect the environment.a. itb. thisc. thatd. what 4 .- may i use your pen. mine is broken.- of course, here are two and you can use of them.a. bothb. everyc. anyd. either5. this match made t

22、hem at last.a. friendlyb. happilyc. quicklyd. slowly6. no one except jack and tom the meeting.a. are lateb. were late forc. was late ford. is late 7.-how much this pair of trousers.- ten dollars enough.a. are, isb. is, arec. are, ared. is, is8. every table and every chair made of wood.a. isb. arec.

23、wered. be9. did it snow last night .a. heavyb. heavilyc quickd. fast 10. cold it is today！a. howb. how ac. whatd. what a 11you must keep your eyes .a. closedb. closec. be closedd. to closed 12.let's go out for a walk, .a. won't youb. don't wec. why notd. shall we13. will your sister be b

24、ack .in about two hours.a. howb. how oftenc. how longd. how soon 14.now you get , go out and try your luck.a. dressingb. dressedc. dressc. dresses15.-ihear that you're going back toaustralia. i hope you'llreturn one day.- . i hope to return when i'm older.a. i do sob. so ic. i so dod. so

25、 do i 16.the greens working in the garden now.a. amb. isc. ared. were 17.please show new picture book.a. he yourb. his youc. him yourd. him you 18. will you stay there.a. how longb. what timec. how oftend. when19. lin tao can't be at home. i saw him here a few minutes ago.a. playsb. to playc. pl

26、ayingd. played20. we'd better on the road. a car may hit us.a. not to playb. not playc. to not playd. don't play21. please don't forget to me, will you.a. to writeb. writingc. writed. writes 22.the soldier ran into the room the baby.a. savingb. to savec. savesd. saved23. look. lily with

27、her sister a kite on the playground.a. is flyingb.are flyingc.flyingd. fly24. everyone except tom and john there when the meeting began.a. isb. wasc. ared. were 25.there some milk and some bananas on the table.a. isb. arec. haved. has26.a number of sheep seen by us when we passed the field.a. isb. a

28、rec. wasd. were27. he has never visited the great hall of the people, .a. hasn't heb. has hec. doesd. doesn't he28. she thinks she can get there on time, she.a. canb. doesn'tc. can'td. does29. wonderful music it is. i like it very much.a. whatb. how ac. what ad. how30. picture books

29、in class, please.a. not readb. no readc. not readingd. don't readanswers:1-5.d a a d a6-10c d a b a11-15a d d b d 16 20c c a c b21-25a b a b a26-30d b c a d句型转换常用句型转换题1. everyday, yao mingreceives emails fromthousands ofbasketball fans.every day, yao ming thousands of basketball fans.2. they wil

30、l get to london in four days.they will london in four days.3. the runner couldnt catch up with the others in the race.the runner the others in the race.4. tom borrowed a picture book from the boy just now.the boy a picture book tom just now.5. you must clean your classroom every day.your classroom m

31、ust every day.6. he can finish the work easily. for him finish the work.7. how old are you. your .8. he hasnt been to france. she hasnt been to france, either. he she been to france.9. mrs smith is not only my teacher but also my good friend.mrs smith is my good friend my teacher.10. how clever the man is. clever man he is. 11.the snow was heavy last night.it last night.12. the foreigners have visited the great wall.the foreigners have the great wall.13. she spent 30 dollars on the english-chinese dictionary.the english-chinese dicti