初中语法训练之名词3

1、中学语法之名词把握要点：名词的分类（专出名词和一般名词）名词的数1）区分可数名词和不行数名词，区分方法 2）可数名词的复数变化，分为规章变化及不规章变化名词全部格含义、构成两种形式： s全部格及of 全部格学问点：一、名词的分类1.专出名词：名字人名、地名、书名、机构名、与国家有关的国家、国民、语言、日期（节日、星期、月份）例句： my name is lucy . i am a chinese . i will go tothe great wallon monday .2.一般名词 : 包括可数名词和不行数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物例: sister、table 、bike 、wind

2、ow可数名词不行数名词集体名词表示一群人或一些事物例: family 、police 、class、 group物质名词表示构成物体的物质或材料例: water、air、wood抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等例: danger、interest区分方法：将物体分成两半，假如每半不能叫原名，就为可数名词，假如仍可叫原名，就为不行数名词；注：有些单词意义发生变化，单复数也发生变化，例：glass 作玻璃杯时可数，作玻璃时不行数；身兼二职的名词对比表glassfishchickentime可数玻璃杯鱼类小鸡次、倍不行数玻璃鱼肉鸡肉时间orangelightpaperhair可数橘子电灯报纸 /

3、试卷（几根）头发不行数橘汁光纸头发可数exercise练习题idea想法 /看法life生命work著作不行数锤炼明白生活工作turkeyradioyouthexperience可数火鸡收音机青年人经受不行数火鸡肉无线电年轻、青春体会interestroom可数爱好房间不行数爱好空间二、名词的单复数形式1规章变化：名词的复数构成，通常是在单数形式后面加-s 或-es11、 一般情形在词尾直接加s , 例 bags ；2、 以 s、 x、sh、 ch 结尾的词加 -es，例 bus-buses box-boxes；3、 以“辅音字母 +y ”结尾的词， y 变成 i 加 -es 例 city-c

4、ities ；以 “元音字母 +y ”结尾的词，直接加s；4、以 o 结尾的除potato马铃薯 、tomato西红柿 、hero英雄 加 es，其余直接加s；5、以 f 或 fe 结尾的词，多数变f 或 fe 为 v 加 es, roof 、proof 直接加 -s，例 life-lives wife-wives roofroofs；2 不 规 就 变 化1 、 单 词 拼 写 发 生 变 化man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-micechild-children 2、某国人变复数，口诀：中日不变英法变

5、，其余s 加后面例： an englishman-englishmenan american-americans3、单复数形式相同常用分以下几类：表示动物的名词deer鹿， fish鱼， sheep绵羊， bison野牛， crab螃蟹表示人的名词chinese中国人， japanese 日本人， swiss 瑞士人， kin亲属craft 及由 -craft 构成的名词craft飞机， aircraft飞机，spacecraft太空船表示数量的名词hundred百，thousand 千，million百万， dozen 一打，score二十其他series系列； species 种类； me

6、ans 方法3 不行数名词一般只用单数，它不能与a/an 及数次搭配使用；表示数量时用量词搭配；例： a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡 two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶 three pieces of paper三张纸 four bottles of water 四杯水 三、名词全部格含义： 名词全部格表示名词之间的全部关系；表示形式： 一种是 s全部格，一种是of 全部格beijing is china s cabpietaijiln.=g is the captital of china. this is tom s b=iktehis is the bike of

7、 tom.lily is the key s owner.= lily is the oowf tnheer key.1、s全部格构成单数名词及不以s 结尾的复数名词， 只需在词尾加，s如 lucy s pen 路西的钢笔children s day（儿童节）；以 s 结尾的复数名词，只加, 如 the students b学oo生ks们的书； 2、几个人共有的东西，只需在最终一个人的名词后加,s如 lucy and lily s bedr露oo西m和莉莉的卧房； 表示各自全部，就每个名词都加,s如 lucys and lilys de露sk西s的桌子和莉莉的桌子；典型例题讲解1. they

8、got much from those new books.a. ideasb. photosc. newsd. stories解析 : much 是用来修饰不行数名词的, a b d三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, c 项为不行数名词, 因此选 c.2. i have two and three bottles of here.2a. orange, orangeb. oranges, orangesc. oranges, oranged. orange, oranges解析 : orange 有两种含义 , 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不行数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填可数名词, 其次空填不

9、行数名词, 因此选c；3. every evening m r. king takes a tohis home .a. 25 minutes walkb. 25 minute s walkc. 25 minute walkd. 25 minutes walk解析 : 句中的minute 应当用其复数的全部格形式,只 + ,而不能 +s,因此选 a ；4. an old wants to see you.a. peopleb. personc. the peopled. the person解析 : person 与 people 都有”人”的意思 , 但用法不同 . “一个人”用“ a pe

10、rson” ,“两个人”用 “two persons”; people 泛指 “人们” 是集合名词 ,表示复数 , the people 指 “人民” , a people指 “一个民族”. 应选 b；5. help yourself to .a. chickens and applesb. chickens and applec. chicken and apple解析 : chicken可用作可数名词指小鸡d. chicken and apples,用作不行数名词指鸡肉,依据词题意应懂得为鸡肉;apple 为可数名词 ,故应 +s, 因此选 d；6. oh, dear. i forgot

11、the two .a. room s numberb. rooms numberc. room numbersd. rooms numbers解析 : room number房间号码 . room 可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词. 类似的仍有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers等.应选 c；7. she has been in tianjin for ten years. tianjin has become her second .a. familyb. housec. homed. room解析 : family 指的是家庭或是家庭成员; house 指的是房

12、子 住宅 ; room 指的是房间 ;而 home 指的是家 , 因此选 c.8. mothers couldn t go to the mbeeectainugs,e they have gone to shanghai .a. mary and peter sb. mary and peterc. mary s and peterd. mary s and peters解析 : 此句中“ mothers”是复数 ,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选d ；9. li lei has been to many times this month.a. her uncl eb. her uncle s

13、c. her unclesd. aunt s解析 : 此句意为“李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”. 表示详细场所时, 可省去全部格后面的名词.因此选 b；10. he is a success as a leader but he hasn t in teaching.a. many experiencesb. much experiencec. an experienced. a lot experience解析 : experience作 “体会”讲时是不行数名词, 作 “经受” 讲时是可数名词. 本句中应懂得为“体会” ,因此是不行数名词,排除a c.又因a lot of , lots of,

14、plenty of只用于确定句, 不用于否定句 , 因此选 b ；11. a classmate of was here ten minutes ago.a. youb. yourc. your sisterd. your sisters 解析 : 此题考查名词的双重全部格.应选 d；312. a group of are talking with two .a. frenchmen, germansb. germans ,frenchmansc. frenchmans , germend. germen , frenchmen解析 :frenchman 是复合词 ,其复数形式为frenchm

15、en; german的复数为直接在单词末尾+s, 应选 a.13. the team having a meeting .a. isb. arec. amd. be解析 : team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义指整个小组 , 也可指小组中的成员表示复数 , 此题意为后者 , 因此选 b；14. “ would you like .“” , please.”a. drink, three coffeesb. a cup of drink, coffeesc. a drink, a coffeed. a drink, three cups of coffees解析 : drink和 coff

16、ee 是不行数名词, 可以用of 来表示数量 , eg, three cups of coffee,当前面加a 时,就表示“一杯”因此选c；15. the great wall was made not only by , but also the flesh and blood of men. a.earth and stone, millions ofb. earths and stones, millionsc. the earth and stone, million ofd. the earths and stones, millions解析： earth 是不行数名词，因此删除b

17、d, 数以百万的应为millions of .因此选 a ；1. this is reading-room.名词练习题a. the teacherbs. teachercs. teacherds. the teachers2. nothing was found but broken.a. the room windowb. the room s window c. the room of the windowd. the window of room3. how many would you like.a. paperb. breadc. pieces of papersd. pieces

18、of bread4. he was praised for his .a. braveb. braveryc. bravelyd. great brave5. please get me a new when you go to town.a. clothesb. dressc. clothing d. trousers6. there are 34 doctors in the hospital.a. womanb. women c. woman s d. womens7. some are even thinner than your little finger.a. bamboob. b

19、amboos c. kinds of bambood. kinds of bamboos8. he was born in this town and now he lives in .a. building secondb. building two c. the building twod. building the second9. old as he is, he has to do every day.a. a lot of workb. much worksc. lots of homeworksd. quite a lot of homeworks10. jack s room

20、is furnished with .a. new furnituresb. many new furnituresc. many new pieces of furnituresd. many new pieces of furniture11. have you read newspaper yet.4a. today sb. todaysc. the today sd. your todays12. it s noatr,f only walk from here to our school.a. a ten minutesb. ten minutesc. a ten minutes d

21、. ten minutes13. last month, he wrote me letter.a. a 1000-wordb. 1000 wordsc. a 1000-wordsd. 1000 words14. he had a sleep yesterday.a. a good nightb. a good-nightc. a good night sd. good -nights15. is not a long way to drive.a. three miles distanceb. three-mile distancec. three miles distanced. a th

22、ree -mile-distance16. his isn t fit for the work. please get me .a. something elseb. somebody elsec. someone else sd. somebody s else17. do you know how large is.a. population of chinab. chinese populationc. china populationd. china s population18. is too much for the boy to carry.a. the box weightb

23、. the box s weightc. the weight of the boxd. the box of the weight19. excuse me, how can i get to the nearest shop.a. shoesb. shoec. shoes d. shoes20. what weather we re having these days.a. niceb. a nicec. a badd. worse21. they say that the meeting will be .a. of very importantb. great importancec.

24、 of great importanced. great important22. i m going to call at this evening.a. mr blackb. the blacksc. mr black sd. blacks23. what darwin said was an attack on people s religious .a. beliefb. beliefsc. beliefsd. believs24. there are some waiting for you outside.a. germanb. americanc. grown-upd. japa

25、nese25. their factory has developed a kind of to help people walk.5a. machineb. machinesc. a machined. the machine26. there re many in my brother s album.a. leafsb. toysc. booksd. stamps27. yesterday i went to the super market and bought a lot of .a. tomatoesb. potatosc. vegetabled. meats28. upon he

26、aring what i said, his rose.a. angerb. angryc. angrilyd. angriness29. excuse me, can you change this for me.a. five-pound noteb. five pounds notec. five-pound notesd. five pounds notes30. you have to make for your journeya. preparingb. preparationc. a preparationd. preparations31. while washing up, she broke a .a. glass wineb. wine glassc. glass of wined. wine of glass32. you have worked out the plan and now we must put it into .a. fallb.