初中语法专项1名词

1、【老师点拨】专出名词一般名词一、名词名词的种类国名、地名、人名、团体、机构名称一、基本用法可数名词不行数名词个体名词、集体名词抽象名词、物质名词考点 1： 可数名词(1) 可数名词后可以加 -s或-es构成复数形式，用于表达超过“一个”的数的概念；(2) 只与可数名词复数连用的单词：few 几乎没有 ，a few一些 , many/a great many很多 (3) 既能与可数名词连用也能与不行数名词连用的单词：some, any, a lot of/lots of, plenty of；例如：there is some/a lot of milk in the bottle. there

2、are some/a lot of flowers in the garden.二、名词单复数规章变化规律例词 一般在词尾直接加sbook bookschair chairs 以 s， x ，o, sh， ch 结尾的单词通常在词尾加 es 以辅音字母y 结尾的词，把y 改 i ，再加 es但以元音 y 结尾的词，就直接在词尾加s 以 o 结尾的词，有生命的名词加es但无生命名词就直接加s，如：class classesbox boxes brush brusheswatch watchesfamily familiesfactoryfactories key keysmonkey monke

3、yspotato potatoestomato tomatoes hero heroes radio radios zoo zoos 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词，改f 或 fe 为 v 加 esleaf leavesthief thieves三、名词复数的不规章变化规律例词 变中间的元音字母man men ，woman women， foot feet，tooth teeth，child children，mousemice表示“某国人”的名词单复变化记忆口决：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面； chinese chinesejapanese japanese frenchmanfrenchmen

4、englishman englishmen german germansamerican americansindian indians australianaustralians单复数一样的名词chinese and japanese吃 sheep , deer and fish如： a chinese - two chinese ,a sheep - many sheep 有的名词只有复数形式people,police,clothes,trousers,pants,jeans,scissors, shorts 有的名词即可表整体，也可表成员family, class, team, grou

5、p 由两个名词组成的名词词组，通常只变后面一个名词为复数;留意： 但假如前面名词是man 或 woman时，就两个名词都要变成复数an apple treetwo apple treesa girl studentmany girl students a man teachersome men teachersa woman doctorten women teachers【课堂检测】 1. when peter comes， please ask him to leave a.a. noticeb. messagec. sentenced .information2 .if you work

6、 harder, you'll have anotherto play the violin at a concert.a. sleepb. chancec. mistaked. problem3. lily, could you please pass me the？ i want to cut the apple.sure, here you are.a. penb. pencilc. bookd. knife 4. . eating moreandis good for our health .a. vegetables, tomatoesb. meat, fishc. vege

7、table, potatoesd. photos, tomatoes5. what a goodyou've given me！ thanks a lot.my pleasure. a. informationb. newsc. suggestiond. advice一、基本用法考点 2：不行数名词(1) 不行数名词没有复数形式，不能与a/an 或详细数字连用，但特指某物时可以与定冠词 the 连用；(2) 要表示肯定的数量时，常与a cup of, a bottle of, a piece of等量词连用，如a cup of tea一杯茶；two bottles of water两瓶

8、水留意：区分two boxes of chalk与 two boxes of apples；(3) 只能修饰不行数名词的词有：a little一点 ， little几乎没有 ，much/a great deal of很多(4) 常考的不行数名词有：food， drink 饮料 , orange（橙汁）， milk， rice，bread， meat （肉）， chicken（鸡肉）， pork（猪肉）， beef （牛肉），work ， homework ， news （新闻） advice（建议）， information（信息）， weather （天气），chinese（汉语）， kno

9、wledge （学问）等【课堂检测】1. after p.e.， i often feel very thirsty.why not buy someto drink？a. breadb. noodlesc. apple juiced. teas 2. .i want a sweet milk. put somein my cup， please.a. iceb. soupc. saltd. sugar 3 . good morning, madam. can i help you.sure, id like.a. two cups of teab. three pieces of bread

10、c. one bowl of dumplingsd. a kilo of oil 4. can i help you .yes. i want to get some about the trip to america.a. newsb. informationc. helpd. advice 5. your mother cooks nice . i like it very much.a. breadb. beefc. eggsd. dumplings考点 3：名词全部格在英语中，有生命的名词及表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词，常在词尾加s 表示所属关系，叫做名词的全部格；翻译成：“的”；

11、如： tom s bike 汤姆的单车 名词的全部格例词、例句 直接在词尾加's.kate's bag, children's day,women's day 以 s 结尾的名词全部格，在词尾加'teachers' day,students' books 表示两人共同拥有的人或物，在后一个人名后加 'slucy and lily's mother（共同的妈妈） 表示两人分别拥有的人或物，就两个人名后都要加 's表某人的家、店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地名时，全部格后面的名词经常省略：tom's and jim&#

12、39;s rooms（各自的房间）at the doctor's（在医务室） ；at tom s 在汤姆的家 表示无生命名词的全部格，用of表达the door of the room， the color of the clothes 双重全部格：用s全部格 /与 of全部格相结合；留意：a friend of my father's a book of mine但是有些表示时间、 距离、重量、价值、国家和城市等无生命的名词，也可加 's 构成全部格：如：today'snewspaper 今日的报纸eightdays'holiday an 8-day

13、holiday八天的假期fiveminutes'walk a five-minute walk五分钟的步行路程【课堂检测】1. how far is it from tianjin to changsha？it is aflight from tianjin to changsha.a. 2-hour-longb.2-hours-longc.2 hours' longd.2 hour long 2. is the schoolbag under the desk yours？no, it's my. he left it there just now.a. brothe

14、rb. brother'sc. brothers'd. brothers3. mr. black is a teacher of. she and her classmates like him very much.a. my sisterb. my sister'sc. my sistersd. my sisters'4. well have holiday. what about going to shaoshan.good idea ！a. 3 days b. 3 daysc. a 3-daysd. 3-day 5. 1 a friend of my an

15、d i are going to visit next week.a.father; browns b. father's; the browns c. father; the browns d. father's; browns【易混词辨析】(1) sound， voice ，noise sound“声音”，指耳朵能听到的各种声音；i heard the sound of the bell. voice“声音”，主要指人的声音；she has a beautiful voice. noise指“噪音”；词组有：make a noise等；练习： 1.themade me fe

16、el annoyed. i want to be in a quiet place.2. the teacher said in a loud，“ please keep silent.”3. at the foot of the hill you could hear nothing but theof the running water.(2) job， work job“工作”，是可数名词；work “工作”，可以作名词或动词；作名词表示“工作”时是不行数的；作名词表示“著作”时是可数的；练习： 1.he has lost three， because he doesn'thar

17、d.2. do you want tolate？ we will have afor you as a waiter.(3) a number of， the number of a number of表示“大量的；很多”，谓语动词用复数；如： a number of persons are playing chess. the number of表示“的数量”，谓语动词用单数；如： the number of people in the room is 50.练习： 1.of foreign students are studying in this college.2. of americ

18、an students is over 30.(4) idea， advice idea表示“想法”，是可数名词；如： a good idea一个好想法 advice表示“建议；忠告”，是不行数名词；如：a piece of advice练习： 1. can you give me someon how to learn english well？2. he has got a goodto deal with his old books.(5) news， information， message ， instruction news表示“新闻；消息”，是不行数名词；如：two pieces

19、 of news information表示“信息；资料”，侧重信息的价值，是不行数名词；如：some information message表示“消息；音信”，侧重信息的简短，是可数名词；常用词组： leave amessage留言 ； give a message to 捎口信给 instruction表示“说明；须知；教诲”，是可数名词；如：some instructions练习： 1.what bad！ the school trip will be put off because of the sports meeting.2. i don't know how to use

20、 this machine. it doesn't matter. here is the. 3.would you please give ato li lei？ he is not at school.4.can you provide me with someabout the trip？(6) house， family， home house表示“住宅”，指的是详细的房子或建筑物； family表示“家；家庭”，也可指全体家庭成员； home意为“家”，带有爱恋等感情颜色；练习： 1.i bought a newin zhongshan.2. tom has a big. t

21、here are six people in his.3. she has been in shenzhen for 10 years. shenzhen has become her second.(7) 部分单词作可数名词和不行数名词时的含义不同： room房间 可数 ；空间 不行数 ； glass玻璃杯 可数 ；玻璃 不行数 ； orange橙子 可数 ；橙汁 不行数 ； chicken小鸡 可数 ；鸡肉 不行数 ； time次数 可数 ； 时间 不行数 ；练习： 1. oh！ there isn't enoughfor us in the bus. no hurry. let&

22、#39;s wait for the next.room2. mother wants to buy a piano in my， but there is littlein it. room3. how manyhave you been to shanghai？ never. i have no.time4. theseare made of.glass5. there are someand two bottles ofon the desk.orange【课堂检测】1.listen . can you hear anything .yes, that s the of the runn

23、ing watera. soundb. voicec. noised. shout2. there are foreign students in the university. if it is 200a. the number of ; a number ofb. a number of ; the number ofc. a number of ; a number ofd. the number of ; the number of3. i found a new in this city. im very busy and have a lot of to do every day.

24、a. job, worksb. work , jobc. work , jobsd. job , work4. i don t know how to study english. can you give me some . my are speaking more and listening more.a.ideas;advices b.advices,suggestions c.advice;suggestions d.ideas;suggestion 5. she has been in shenzhen for 10 years. shenzhen has become her se

25、cond.a. homeb. familyc. housed. room6. i like eating , so my mother keeps some every day.a. chickens; chickenb. chicken; chickensc. chickens ; chickensd. chicken ; chicken【中考回放】（） 1. the broken may cut into your hand if you touch it, you should be careful.a. glassb. glassesc. candled. candles（） 2. m

26、ickey mouse is one of the most famous in american .a. symbol; culture b. symbol ; cultures c. symbols; culture d. symbols; cultures（） 3. katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband onday.a. womanb. womenc. woman'sd. women's（） 4. mum， i've heard that we can't ea

27、tthese days. is it true？ take it easy. it's safe to eat cooked meat.a. chickenb. chickensc. a chickend. the chicken（） 5.the students of grade seven visited mike's farm and saw manythere.a. birdb. duckc. sheepd. rabbit【真题演练】1.why do people never cut up the on their birthdays. because they are

28、 a symbol of long life.a. eggsb. cakesc. noodlesd. dumplings2. great for football lovers-more than 50,000 soccer schools will be built in our country by the end of 2025.a. newsb. messagec. situationd. information3.are you sure this is a photo , the famous comedy actress. it surprised you, didn't

29、 it. but she was once really thin.a. jia lingb. jia ling'sc. of jia lingd. of jia ling's 4.what would you like to eat. some , please.a. breadb. cakec. coffeed. tea 5.are you going out with jade tonight. that's my. mind your own.a. offerb. businessc. questiond. chance 6. how far is your h

30、ome from school . about walk.a. five minutesb. five minutesc. five minutesd. five-minute7. all the enjoyed themselves on march 8th because it was their own holiday.a. men workersb. women workersc. woman workers d. man workers 8. lily often helps her mother do some cooking in the .a. kitchenb. garden

31、c. bathroomd. bedroom9. some old people need a because they feel lonely.a. giftb. stickc. petd. watch10. yan jiashuo, a girl, has won the prize of international master of memory. wow, she's great, isn't she.a. ten-year-oldb. ten-years-oldc. ten year oldd. ten years old 11. it's useful fo

32、r the deaf people to learn sign language.yes, it's an important way of for them.a. suggestionb. vacationc. questiond. communication 12. he was born in germany, but he has made china his .a. familyb. addressc. housed. home13. nancy took her temperature and found she had a . *xa. coughb. toothache

33、c. coldd. fever14. a smart phone makes a big to our life.a. differenceb. decisionc. progressd. mistake15. steve jobs was full of always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in society .a. instructionb. invitationc. informationsd. invention16. every year many foreign friends come to se

34、e theof tianjin, such as tianjin eye and haihe river.a. concertsb. playsc. cartoonsd. sights17. its sports time. most students in class 1 are playing football on the playground.a. boyb. boysc. boy sd. boys 18.it s hot today. have some , please.no, thanks. im not thirsty at all.a. waterb. potatoesc.

35、breadd. cakes19. tu youyou reserved the nobel prize for her of anemisinin青蒿素 .and she was the first chinese who won the prize in science.a. designb. thoughtc. inventiond. discovery 20. how far is it from beijing to haikou.it's a flight from beijing to haikou.a. 3-hour-longb. 3 hours long c. 3 hours' longd. 3-hours-long 21. how can i get some about the 20