初中非谓语动词专项复习

1、学习必备欢迎下载非谓语动词专项复习考点学问精讲非谓语动词包括动名词、分词和不定式， 没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，也可以和助动词结合构成进行时、完成时和被动语态；构成句子成分不定式形现 在 分to 动词原除谓语外的任何成分有 将 要 之意分词doing表语宾语定语状语主动、进行词过 去 分done表语宾语定语状语被动、完成词表 一 般 情动名词doing主语宾语表语定语 况考点一不定式1不定式的基本形式是 to动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状 语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语；my father ask

2、ed me not to read in bed. 我爸爸告知我不要在床上读书； 2不定式的句法作用动词不定式具出名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等；1 作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，构成以下结构：it is adj for sb to do sth, 此结构中不能说sb is adj it is adj ofsb to do sth.此结构中可以说sb is adj或者： it is+ 名词 +to do sth.it's important for us to protect the environmen

3、t.对我们来说 爱护环境是很重要的；注：当在 kind ， good， nice， clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for 而 用 of； it's very kind of_you_to_help_me.你帮忙我真是太好啦；2 作宾语一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语（v+sb +to do sth ），如：1) want, would like, wish, hope, expect, help, learn, agree, manage, offer, plan=make a plan, promise, refuse, be+情感类 adj+ to do sth, c

4、ant wait, get/be ready to do, take turns, try/do one s best , decide=make a decision, choose, fail, prepare, afford,2) pretend, arrange, beg, care, demand,determine, fear, deserve,例如： would you like to_see_a_film this evening.你今晚想去看电影吗？在 find ， think 后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末；i find it easy to_r

5、ead_english_every_day.我发觉每天读英语很简单；学习必备欢迎下载3 宾语补足语动词不定式作宾补时，它与宾语有规律上的主谓关系；lucy asked him to_turn_down_the_radio.露西要他关小收音机的音量； 后面可以接动词不定式做宾补的动词有（v+sb to do sth ）： allow,want, would like, ask, tell,encourage, expect, wish, get, help,warn 不带 to 的动词不定式也可以做宾补（v+sb do sth ）这类 v 有使让动词make ,let, have 等，另外仍有感

6、官动词如，see, watch, hear, feel, find ,notice 等4 作定语（中考不考）动词不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后，它与名词有规律上的动宾关系；i have a lot of homework to_do. 我有很多家庭作业要做；不定式是不及物动词时，作定语不能省去介词；weihai is a good place to_live_in. 威海是一个居住的好地方；5 作状语mrs wang went to shanghai to_see_her_daughter. 目的 王太太去上海看她女儿；we're glad to_meet_you here. 缘由 我

7、们很兴奋在这见到你；he is too tired to_work_on. 结果 他太累了而不能连续工作；（ 6）做表语； my dream is to be a scientist. 3不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not； they told us not_to_play basketball too long.他们告知我们不要玩太长时间篮球；4不定式常和疑问词what， which ， when， where，how 连用 ，相当于一个宾语从句；he didn't know where_to_go. where to go where he should go他不知道去哪里；5.

8、 两个动词不定式并列，其次个动词不定式常省略考点二动名词动名词由动词原形ing 构成，与现在分词同形；动名词既有动词的性质，也出名词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等；1作主语 ，动词做主语常用动名词形式，且后面的谓语动词用单数eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对身体健康有害；注：动名词和动词不定式作主语，在很多情形下可以通用，但动名词作主语多表示抽象或多次的行为，不定式作主语往往表示详细的或一次性的动作；2作表语 ，如：my mother's job is raising chicken.我母亲的工作是养鸡；3作宾语

9、，只能接v-ing 做宾语的动词有： （ v+doing ， doing 做宾语）1 ）， enjoy,finish,mind,cantstand,bebusy,keepon,feellike,have fun/trouble/difficulty/problemsin-,practice,finish,giveup,consider,putoff,suggest,学习必备欢迎下载missimagine, cant help/stop ， be worth, avoid, miss, end up, allow, be/get used to 习惯于 2）， forgive,delay,esc

10、ape,如： i don't mind listening to that story again.我不介意再听一遍那个故事；4作定语 ；放在名词前，说明该名词的功能或用途时；如swimming pool,living room, sleeping bag,hiding place 等如：let's join the singing group.让我们加入合唱队吧；5后既可以接动名词， 也可接动词不定式的动词有 love ，like ，prefer ，begin，start，continue， remember， try， stop， forget ，hate， need， a

11、llow ， go on 等；1）以下词的用法需要辨析1) need to do sth,need doing=need to be done2) remember/forget to do sth,remember/forget doing sth3) stop to do sth,stop doing sth4) try to do sth,努力去做某事try doing sth 试着去做某事5) mean to do 准备、想 mean doing sth （意味着）6) allow sb to do sth=sb allowed to do sthallow doing sth.7)

12、go on to do sth.做完一件事，接着去做另外一件事go on doing sth.连续不停地做某事2）记住以下词的用法1) used to do sthbe/get used to doing sth be used to do sth2) prefer doing sth to doing sth prefer to do sth rather than do sthwould rather do sth than do sth=would do sth rather than do sth3) there is no need for sb to do sth 4sb have

13、 time to do sth5) too+adj/adv+ to do sthso-that-such-that-; not-enough for sb to do sth6) it is adjfor/ofsb to do sth, it is best for sb to do sthit is time for sb to do sthit takes sb some time to do sth6、介词后假如接动词，应当用动名词形式；特别留意一些含有介词的一些词组，eg， 1what/how about-. have fun/trouble/difficulty/problems i

14、n-, instead of,be good at=do well in,by+ doing sth,spend-in doing sth, feel like,get/be used to,preferdoingto doing,devote oneself to- 致力于 - ，献身于 - keep.from ，stop.from ，make a contribution to ，be afraid of ，be proud of ，be used for， be interested in2 succeed in doing sth,be fond of,pay attention to

15、,make a contribution to, devote oneself to- ,insist on ， look forward to7当 need，require ， want 作“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被动式；the window needs cleaning. the window needs to be cleaned. 那扇窗户需要被清洗；学习必备欢迎下载考点三分词1.分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种；现在分词由“动词ing ”构成；过去分词的基本形式是“动词ed”，但也有不规章的形式；2分词的句法功能功能例句说明do you know the g

16、irl standing underthe tree.定语你熟悉站在树下面的那个女孩吗？分词作定语，其规律主语就是它所修饰的词；thestudentswentoutofthe状语 classroom，talking and laughing.语；同学们谈笑着走出了教室；the boy is too frightened to move.表语这个男孩太可怕了以至于不能动分词的规律主语是句子的主句主现在分词表示主语的性质、特点；补足语了；don't keep us waiting for a long time.不要让我们等得太久；i heard him singing in the cl

17、assroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢；he'll have his hair cut after school.放过去分词表示某种状态；现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾 语或主语是它的规律主语即主动关系；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的规律宾语即被动关系学后他要去理发；注：1、作定语或表语； 现在分词表示 “令人的” ，主语一般是物； 过去分词表示 “感到的”，主语一般是人；这类动词有interste,surprise, excited 等he is surprised to hear the news.他听到那个消息感到很惊讶；news is surprising. 那个消

18、息令人惊讶；2作宾补 ；v+sb +doing （现在分词做宾补） ，这类 v 有： 感官动词 包括 find和 notice， there be,keep 等don't keep us waiting for a long time.不要让我们等得太久；i heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢；he'll have his hair cut after school.放学后他要去理发；3作定语 ；放在名词的前面（单个的词），或后面（词组）1）现在分词做定语表示主动或正在进行，如the sleeping boythe b

19、oy sitting under the tree 2）动词的过去分词做定语表示被动或完成表示被动，如：the poems written by li baithe money made by my parents或表示完成，如，the developed countriesthe risen sun（表示完成）the developing countriesthe rising sun （表示正在进行）4.作状语； 如 the boy came into the classroom, singing pop songs.表示相伴，做相伴状语学习必备欢迎下载考点四，其它1.辨析：1有些动词或词

20、组后接动名词或不定式均可，但意义稍有差别；stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事stop thinking ， please.请停止摸索；stop to_think about it for a moment. 停下来想一会儿；remember to do sth.记住要做某事（动作未发生）remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事（动作以发生） i remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了；信已寄出 please remember to_post my letter请记住把我的信寄出去；信尚未寄出

21、 forget to do sth.遗忘做某事（动作未发生）forget doing sth.遗忘做过某事（动作以发生）i forgot to_bring_my_homework.我遗忘带作业了；没带作业 i forgot bringing_my_homework.我遗忘已把作业带来了；作业已带来 try to do sth.努力去做某事try doing sth.试着去做某事he tried speaking english to us.他试着用英语和我们谈话；please try to_do better next time.下次设法做得更好些；go on to do sth.做完一件事，

22、接着去做另外一件事go on doing sth.连续不停地做某事go on to_do the other exercise after you finish this one.做完这个练习题后，接着做另一个练习题；go on doing the exercise after a short rest.休息一会儿之后，我们连续做练习；allow doing sth.答应做某事allow sb. to do sth.答应某人做某事we don't allow smoking here.我们不答应在这儿吸烟；we don't allow students to_go out on

23、 school days.上学时，我们不答应同学外出；2.现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区分（即区分v+sb do sth 和 v+sb doing sth ）；我们常见的动词如：see，watch， notice， hear，feel ，have 等，它们接不带to 的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或常常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行着；i heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌；“唱”这个动作正在进行 i heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了；“唱”这个动作已终止3.

24、易混句式 have sb.do sth.have sb.doing sth.have sth.to do 和 have sth.done的区别； have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事” ， have 可以用 let， make 代替；不定式往往表示学习必备欢迎下载一次性的详细动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生；the soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着； have sb.doing sth.意为“让某人做某事” ， have 可以用 keep 代替，现在分词doing 这个动

25、作往往具有连续进行的含义；the two men had the boy running all night long.那两个人让这个男孩跑了一夜； have sth. done 意为“让他人做某事” ，即 ask sb.else to do sth.；过去分词 done这个动作由他人 即非主语本身 来完成，且含有被动意义；the driver had his car washed once a week.那位司机每周叫人洗一次车； have sth.to do 意为“主语自己仍有某事要做”这个动作由主语本身完成，且含有主动意义；i have much homework to do.4. 不带

26、 to 的动词不定式做宾补（v+sb do sth）这类 v 有使让动词make ,let, have 等，另外仍有感官动词如，see, watch, hear, feel, find ,notice 等5.一些句型后常加动词原形， eg情态动词后常接动词原形why not do sth.=why don t you do sth.shall we do sth. could i/you do sth.could/would you please do sth. will you do sth.实战演练（一）1.whynotyour teacher forhelp when you canft

27、inish it by yourself.a. ask, writeb. to ask, writingc. ask, writingd. asking, write 2. hi, tom. can you tell me whenfor london. yes, tomorrow afternoon.a. leavingb. leavesc. to leaved. are you leaving 3. may i listen to the music here, mr. white. sorry, you d betterit like that.a. not to dob. not do

28、c. don t dod. not do to4. more and more young people are trying to do something the old.a. servedb. to servec. served. serves5. the fruit salad tastes delicious. could you tell me .a. where to do itb. when to do itc. what to dod. how to do it6. peter is busy at school, but he never forgets exercise

29、every day.a. working, doingb. working, to doc. at work, do7.-why did you buy a radio.- english.a. learnb. learningc. to learnd. be learning8.-do you know neil armstrong.-yes, he is the first man on the moon.a. walkb. walksc. to walkd. walked9. have you made up your mind the sick kids.学习必备欢迎下载by sing

30、ing songs.a. what to tellb. how to cheer upc. when to helpd. where to look after10. the doctor did what he could the dying man.a. saveb. to savec. savedd. saving11. the global financial crisis金融危机 has made many people their money.a. to care forb. took care ofc. be careful withd. to be cared about12.

31、mum, can i have something .oh, dear. you can only drink some water. there is in the kitchen.a. to drink; nothing elseb. drinking; something elsec. to eat; something elsed. eating; nothing else13. we must do everything we can waste water from running into rivers.a. keepb. keptc. to keepd. keeping ；14

32、. my roommate often asks me her to play chess.a. teachb. teachingc. to teach 15.he ll use what he has her a new dress.a. boughtb. to buyc. buyingd. been bought 16xiao li said she would rather join us.a. did notb. to notc. notd. not to17. the old lady didn t know when the house caught fire.a. how to

33、dob. how to do itc. what to dod. what to do it； 18.the teacher asked ben a difficult question in class.a. answerb. answeringc. to answerd. answered 19.everyone should know to save themselves when a fire breaks out.a. whetherb. whatc. whend. how；20.-what should we do to fight a/h1n1 flu.-we should wa

34、sh hands often, avoid to crowded places and so on.a. gob. goingc. goned. to go21. the woman made his son finally after she told him some jokes.a. laughedb. to laughc. laughd. laughing 22.when we practice speaking english，we often end up in chinese a to speakb. speakingc. spokend. speak 23.there are

35、so many kinds of mp5 in the shop. we can t decide .a. what to buyb. to buy whatc. which to buyd. to buy which ；24.-how about in the river with us.-sorry i can mty parents often tell me thata. swim, don t dob. swim, to doc. swimming, not dod. swimming, not to do；25 more about tomorrow s weather, call

36、 121. ok, i will. thank you.a. knowb. knowingc. to knowd. known 26.-don t forget my parents when you are in beijing.-ok. i won t.a. to seeb. seesc. seeing学习必备欢迎下载27. if the question incorrectly, question will be given to you.a. is answered, otherb. answer, otherc. is answered, anotherd. answer, anot

37、her 28.-my football socks are out.-how long have you them.a. worn, boughtb. wearing, hadc. wearing, boughtd. worn, had29. your english is pretty good. how about some advice to me. with pleasure.a. giveb. givesc. giving30. please remember the lights when you leave the room. ok, i will.a. turn offb. t

38、o turn offc. turning off. the boy is looking forward toa good time after the exam.a. to haveb. hasc. havingd. have31. the teacher told the students any food inot the computer room.a. not to bringb. not bringc. don t bringd. bring not32. we don't have much homework this weekend. shall we go out t

39、ogether.ok. what about a movie.a. to seeb seeingc. to seed. sees33. there are so many kinds of computers in the shop. i really don't know to choose.a. whatb. whichc. howd. where34. i d like you for a picnic with us.a. gob. to goc. goingd. went35as teenagers，we re old enough with houseworkwe can

40、help set the table，wash the dishes and clean our own roomsa to helpbhelpingchelped36. danny did all kinds of things to make the baby .a. to stop cryingb. stop cryingc. to stop to cryd. stop to cry37. -what are on show in the museum.-some photos by the children of yushu, qinghai.a. have been takenb.w

41、ere takenc. are takend. taken38. we have two rooms , but i can t decide .a. to live, to choose which oneb. lived, choose which onec. to live in, which one to choosed. live, which one39. why not an english club to practice english.a. to join; to speakb. join; speakingc. join; to speakd. to join; spea

42、king40. james, i m too tired. let s stop a rest.a. havingb. havec. to havingd. to have 41. are you going to tibet for vacation. yes. i want you to me with some information about it.a offerb givecshowdprovide 42 father often tells metoo much time on computer games.a don t spendb not spendc not to spe

43、ndd not spending43at least 300 million people are using qq by ma huateng to chat on学习必备欢迎下载linea createbcreatesccreatingd created 44. i can t decide .you mean the purple sweater or the blue one.a. how to go thereb. who to go withc. where to visitd. which to choose； 45.how about going shopping this w

44、eekend, peter.sorry. i prefer rather than .a. to stay at home, go outb. to go out, stay at homec. staying at home, go outd. going out, stay at home实战演练（二）1. i m thirsty. will you get me something .a. drinkb. to drinkc. eatd. eating2. it was great fun a picnic on the hill.a. to haveb. of havingc. hav

45、ed. had3. it s bad for your eyes computer games for a long time.a. playsb. to playc. playd. played4. -do you often hear john in his room.-yes. listen. now we can hear him in his room.a. sing; to singb. singing; singingc. sing; singingd. to sing; singing5. why not .a. let him to go homeb. to let him

46、go homec. let him go homed. to let him to go home6. they were made fourteen hours a day.a. workb. workingc. workedd. to work7. is it always easier friends than to keep them.a. makingb. makec. to maked. made8. it jack twenty minutes the math problem yesterday.a. took; to work outb. takes; worked outc

47、. has taken; work outd. is taking; working out9. when you leave, don t forget off the light.a. to turnb. turningc. turnd. turned10. who do you think you d like .a. to make friendsb. make friendsc. to make friends with d. make friends with11. although jeff loves kfc, he tries it too often.a. to eatb.

48、 not eatc. to not eatd. not to eat12. -hi, betty. shall we go swimming this sunday.-this sunday. i am sorry, i have a lot of homework this sunday.a. to dob. donec. dod. to be done13. sally had no pen yesterday morning.a. to writeb. to write withc. writingd. writing with14. john asked david how chris

49、tmas.a. celebratingb. to celebratec. to be celebratedd. celebrate学习必备欢迎下载15. we all considered mr zhao teacher.a. be the bestb. to be the bestc. being bestd. being the best16. it s very kind you to me the heavy bag.a. for; tell; to takeb. of; thank; forc. to; speak; to haved. of; help; carry17. have

50、 you decided .a. to go with whomb. whom to go withc. whom go withd. with whom to go18. her hope a gold medal in the 2021 olympic games.a. to winb. is to winc. winningd. will win19. the meeting room is big enough one hundred people.a. holdingb. holdc. to holdd. holds20. would you please pass me the k

51、nife .a. to cut the watermelon withb. to cut the watermelonc. cutting the watermelond. cutting the watermelon with21. it is better to teach a man to fish than him fish.a. givingb. to givec. givesd. gave22. the policeman warned the young man after drinking.a. never to driveb. to never drivec. never d

52、rivingd. never drive23. what do you think is the best way the wild animals.a. protectingb. to protectc. protectedd. protect24. i d rather on the land in a factory.a. work; than workb. work; workc. to work; than to workd. to work; to work25. my grandfather is used a hat in winter.a. to wearb. for wea

53、ringc. wearingd. to wearing26. i m sorry you enough help.a. have givenb. of not givingc. not to have givend. to have given27. some students from grade 9 do some for the old.a. volunteered to; cleanb. volunteered; cleaningc. volunteered to; cleaningd. volunteered; clean28. the young man was often see

54、n by the lake.a. to drawb. to drawingc. drawd. drew29. tom is to make a living by himself.a. very oldb. too youngc. too bigd. too strong30. i find him all about it.a. necessary to tellb. that necessary toc. necessary it to telld. it necessary to tell31. the old man seems in a great hurry.a. beb. to bec. beingd. to being32. i the same neighborhood with the lovely girl.a. happened living inb. happened to live inc. was happening livi