高二英语阅读策略

1、1 高二一对一教学辅导教案学科：英语任课教师：金老师时间： 15：00 17 ：00 姓名年级高二性别男教学课题阅读题型及策略step1. 阅读理解命题特点：阅读理解是考查学生语言能力的重点，考生应能：理解主旨要义；理解中文的具体信息；做出简单的判断和推理；理解文章的基本逻辑结构；理解作者的意图和态度。阅读理解题有如下特点：一体裁丰富，题材广泛。选文涉及记叙文，说明文，应用文和议论文，考查最多的是说明文，尤其是国外的新科技，新发明；涉及社会，文化，经济，科普，新闻和广告等多种题材，这些话题材料时代感强，特别关注当今的热点话题，如教育，环境，道德，情感，科学发现，生活经历二阅读量大，长难句多。三

2、命题角度灵活，考查方式多样。四选材新颖，原汁原味。step2. 阅读理解解题策略一浏览题干抓关键词，有的放矢速解题首先，阅读题干，先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落，语句，对有关信息进行快速定位，有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。二速读全文抓主题，了解大意少失误近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟50 到 65 个词之间。 考生； 必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读，跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词，主题句，捕捉时空，顺序，情节，人物，观点，并理清文章脉络。抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾。当然也

3、有些文章没有主题句，需要读者自己去归纳。三关键细节不遗漏，同义替代要关注要把握不同文章体裁的特点。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生，发展，结局展开故事；议论文则包含论点，论据，论证三大要素，通过解释，举例等来论证论点。我们可根据文章的特点，找出关键词语，详读相关细节，理清文章脉络。此外，为了增加试题的区分度，命题者在题干和选项的设计中采用了同义替代的手法，即把原文中的词语在选项中进行了同义置换，这一点在做题时要格外关注。四顺藤摸瓜猜词义，扫清障碍提速度五平时养成好习惯，潜移默化结硕果1. 在平时的训练中养成默读的习惯。2要善于抓住句子的核心词，从一个句子快速地扫视到另一

4、个句子，进行连贯性理解。3在关键词处做标记，便于查找信息。尤其是在解答一些事实细节题时，这种方法更实用。2 step3. 阅读理解解题考向 考向一：主旨大意题 1 主旨大意题常见的命题方式有：（1）what is the passage mainly about? （2）what is the main idea of the text? （3）what can be the best title for the text/ passage? （4）which of the following would be the best title for the passage? 2 主旨大意题选项

5、的特点：正确选项通常不含细节信息和绝对意义的词，能概括文章全部内容；干扰项往往信息片面，细节信息明显，常含有绝对意义的词，或是命题者杜撰；在文中找不到依据。3 常用的掌握大意的方法有：（1）抓主题句归纳大意。说明文，议论文，新闻报道，科技文献等文章的主题大意通常出现在文章第一段，抓住了主题句也就抓住了文章的中心。有时主题句也会出现在文章中的中间或结尾。因此仔细阅读这类文章的首尾句是关键。（2）归纳分析抓大意。有些文章如记叙文，夹叙夹议文通常是先摆出事实，然后或记叙或论证，最后得出结论，即文章的主题。（3）抓住高频词。任何一篇文章都是围绕一个主题展开的，因此文章中会反复出现一个中心词，即高频词，

6、抓住了它，也就抓住了文章的中心。 考向二：事实细节题 事实细节题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例。从近两年的试题来看，事实细节题占全部阅读理解题底50% 之多。1 这类题常见的命题方式有：（1）according to the author, who / what / when / where / which / why / how.?（2）which of the following statements is true / not true? （3）the statement made by the author is based on the evidence / example / f

7、act that?（4）which of the following statements is not mentioned in the text? （5）the author states all of the following except?（6）choose the right order of the events given in the passage. （7）all of the following statements may be true / false except（8）which of the following is not the result of .?3 （

8、9）which of the following best characterizes the main feature of .?（10） according to the author was caused by ?2. 事实细节题可分为两种类型：（1）基本信息题。答案几乎可以直接从原文中获得，答案和原文中含相关信息的句子在用词上也几乎相同；（2）是非判断题。相对于前者，这类题有较大难度，题目虽然来源于文章的相关细节，但往往涉及的细节内容较多，而且可能是在文章中的不同段落。3在解答事实细节题时，要注意：（1）忠于原文，选择的依据必须是短文本身提供的信息，不可根据自己的主观假设或推测来取舍。

9、（2）要重视人名，日期，事实，数据和地点等，这是细节题考查的内容。（3）应学会快速辨认和记忆事实或细节， 可用 “ 查读法 ” ， 即带着问题寻找答案。 在阅读过程中对一些涉及who, what, when, where, how, why，等常考的细节内容做适当的标记，以便解题时迅速，准确地查找。（ 4）略读材料，大概了解文意，注意作者用来表示例证的词语或短语，如for example, for instance, that is to say, in fact, etc。（ 5）把主要精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，找到后，放慢速度，细读要查找的内容，特别要注意表因果或转折的词或短语，如be

10、cause, for, since, as, therefore, as a result, but, however, while, though, yet, also,etc. 考向三：推理判断题 1高考常见提问方式：(1）this passage would most likely be found in(2) we can infer from the text that(3) what can we learn from(4) which of the following statements does the passage support? (5) the author impl

11、ies that(6) it can be inferred / concluded / seen from the passage that(7) in which of the following publications would this passage most likely printed? (8) the author uses the examples of to show that_2. 推理判断题是阅读理解题中难度较大的一类。在提问整篇文章，某句或某段的深层含义时，问句中常含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest等词。3解决这类题时不仅要弄懂文章

12、中的字面意思，更要知道其潜在的含义，通过作者所给的提示，进行合理的推理和判断，此外，要忠于原文，切勿用自己的主观判断来理解文章的内容。 考向四：观点态度题 1. 观点态度题常见的提问形式有：(1) the authors view is4 (2) the author thinks that.(3) what is the tone of the passage? (4) which of the following can best describe the attitude of the author towards?(5) how does the author feel about?(

13、6) whats the authors attitude towards?2 观点态度型试题主要考查考生对作者或文中人物态度，观点等的理解。这类题目的答案通常不明显，常隐含在文章之中。3纵观近几年的高考题可以看出，作者的观点或态度可分为三类：（1） 支持，赞同，乐观（2） 客观，中立；（3） 反对，批评，怀疑，悲观。4在文章中应注意一些词，如i think, in my opinion等，它们后面引出的正是作者的观点。另外，还要注意文中的一些形容词，副词以及作者或说话者的语气，这些在无形之中隐含着作者或说话者的态度。 考向五：词义猜测题 1高考常见提问方式：（ 1）the phrase “”

14、 could be replaced by _(2) the word “ . ” in the paragraph refers to _ (3) what is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / what does the underlined word mean? (4) which of the following is the closet in meaning to the phrase “ . ”(5) “ ” as used in the passage can best be defined as _

15、(6) what do you think the expression “” stands for ?(7) which of the following words can take place of the word “ . ”?(8) according to the passage, the word “ . ” is known as _2. 词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：（1）利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。（2）利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读

16、文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易。（3）利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列，对比，因果，转折关系等。这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短语5 表达出来，如but, or, however, so, because等。（4）利用构词法知识答题。熟记一些前缀，后缀所表达的意思，不仅可以扩大词汇量，而且帮助我们猜测词义。常见的前后缀有：aero- 空气的；空中的；飞行器的mili- 千分之一astr(o)- 星的；天体的poly- 多，复phone- 声的；声音的photo- 光的electro- 与电有关的tele- 远的geo- 与地球或土地有关的t

17、hermo- 热的hydr(o)- 水的hyper- 过度；过多radio- 无线电波的；辐射的-scope 镜-logy 学-ity 性质step3: 阅读理解练习a the cambridge science festival curiosity challenge dare to take the curiosity challenge! the cambridge science festival (csf) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual curiosity challenge. the challenge invites,

18、even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world. students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious abou

19、t. to enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the cambridge science festival, mit museum, 265 mass avenue. cambridge 02139 by friday, february 8th. students who enter the curiosity challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the

20、csf on sunday, april 21st. guest speaker will also present prizes to the students. winning entries will be published in a book. student entries will be exhibit and prizes will be given. families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served. between march 10tha

21、nd march 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the curiosity challenge celebration. the program guidelines and other related information are available at: . 【小题 1】 who can take in the curiosity challenge? a. school students. 6 b.

22、cambridge locals. c. csf winners. d. mit artists. 【小题 2】 when will the prize-giving ceremony be held? a. on february 8th. b. on march 10th c. on march 15th. d. on april 21st. 【小题 3】what type of writing is this text? a. an exhibition guide. b. an art show review. c. an announcement. d. an official re

23、port. b passenger pigeons （旅鸽） once flew over much of the united states in unbelievable numbers. written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks （群） so large that they darkened the sky for hours. it was calculated that when its population reach its highest point, there were more t

24、han 3 billion passenger pigeons a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the united states, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world. even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 51

25、5 kilometers) long was seen near cincinnati. sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. where the birds were abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waite

26、d until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. the birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants. by the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by americans need for wood

27、, which scattered（驱散） the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again. in 1897, the state of michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by

28、 then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. the last confirmed wild pigeon in the united states was shot by a boy in pike county, ohio, in 1900. for a time, a few birds survived under human care. the last of them, known affectionately as martha, died at the cincinnati zoologica

29、l garden in september 1, 1914. 7 【小题 1】 in the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons _. a. were the biggest bird in the world b. lived mainly in the south of america c. did great harm to the natural environment d. were the largest population in the us 【小题 2】the underlined word undoing pro

30、bably refers to the pigeons _.a. escape b. ruin c. liberation d. evolution 【小题 3】what was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons? a. to seek pleasure. b. to save other birds. c. to make money. d. to protect crops. 【小题 4】 what can we infer about the law passed in michigan? a. it was ign

31、ored by the public. b. it was declared too late. c. it was unfair. d. it was strict. c a typical lion tamer ( 驯兽师 ) in people s mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭子 )and a chair .the whip get all of the attention , but it s mostly for show .in reality , it s the chair that does the important wo

32、rk .when a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion s face , the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time .with its focus divided , the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next .when faced with so many options , the lion chooses to freeze and wait inst

33、ead of attacking the man holding the chair. how often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion ? how often do you have something you want to achiever (e,g. lose weight , start a business , travel more ) only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progres

34、s ? this upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best , the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information .the end result is that we feel like we can t focus or that we re focused on the wrong things ,

35、 and so we take less action , make less progress , and stay the same when we could be improving . it doesn t have to be that way .anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face , remember this :all you need to do is focus on one thing .you just need to get started .starting before you feel r

36、eady is one of the habits of successful people .if you have somewhere you want to go , something you want to accomplish , someone you want to become .take immediate action .if you re clear about where you want to go , the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out the way . 【小题 1】 w

37、hy does the lion tamer use a chair? a. to trick the lion. 8 b. to show off his skill . c. to get ready for a fight. d. to entertain the audience. 【小题 2】 in what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair? a. they feel puzzled over choices. b. they hold on to the wrong things. c. they find it

38、hard to make changes. d. they have to do something for show. 【小题 3】 what is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in paragraph 3?a. tolerant b. doubtful c. respectful d. supportive 【小题 4】when the world is waving a chair in your face, you re advised to_.a. wait for a better chance b. bre

39、ak your old habits c. make a quick decision d. ask for clear guidance d as more and more people speak the global languages of english, chinese, spanish, and arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. in fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out

40、by the next century, according to the united nations educational, scientific, and cultural organization (unesco). in an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations- unesco and national geographic among them have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cul

41、tures they reflect. mark turin, a scientist at the macmillan center, yale university, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the himalayas, is following in that tradition. his recently published book, a grammar of thangmi with an ethnolinguistic introduction to the speakers and thei

42、r culture, grows out of his experience living, looking and raising a family in a village in nepal. documenting the tangmi language and culture is just a starting point for turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the himalayans reaches of india, nepal, bhutan, and china

43、. but he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record. 9 at the university of cambridge turin discovered a wealth of important materials- including photographs, films, tap recordings, and field notes- which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.