动名词用法精讲精炼

1、动名词学习必备欢迎下载其中物主代词（名词全部格）是规律上的主语，动名词是规律上的谓语；动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等， 分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、 表语从句；定义： 动名词是兼有动词和名词特点的非限定动词；它可以有自己的宾语，也能被副词修饰；有时态和语态的变化；一、动名词的作用动名词具出名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语 等；用； 如：二、动名词作主语的几种类型1. 直接位于句首做主语：climbingmountainsisreally fun.swimming is a good sport in summer.2. 用 it 作形式主语， 把动名词 真实

2、主语 置于句尾作后置主语； it is a waste of time persuading such a person to joinus.it is no use telling him not to worry.it is no good crying over spilt milk. it was hard getting on the crowded street car.it is fun playing with children.3. 用于 “ therebe”结构中there is nosaying when he'll come.4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中；no

3、 smoking. no parking.5. 动名词的复合结构作主语当动名词有自己的规律主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的全部格，构成动名词的复合结构 这时，名词或代词的全部格做动名词的规律主语；动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语；例如：their coming to help was agreat encouragement to us.2、作宾语（ 1）作动词的宾语： 某些动词后显现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式；可做动名词规律主语的有：物主代词，人称代词宾格，名词一般格，名词全部格在以下情形下动名词的规律主语必需用名词的一般格或人称代词宾语：a.无命名词the b

4、aby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒；b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义have you ever heard of women practising boxing.你听说过妇女练拳击吗？c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列do you remember your parents and me telling about this.你记得你父母和我都告知过你这事吗？her coming to help encouraged all of us. =that she came to help encouraged al

5、l of us.bbs: jane bseing careless caused so much trouble. =thatjane wascarelesscaused somuchtrouble.what stroublingthem istheir nothavingenough food.=what s troubling them is that they have not enough food.三、动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态如下：主动语态被动语态一般式writingbeing written完成式having writtenhaving been written【留意】

6、其否定形式是在doing 前加上 notadvise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, suggest, escape（ 2）作介词的宾语keep on, put off,depend on, thinkabout,setabout,succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can sttand, beusedto,g

7、etusedto, devoteto,lookforward to, pay attention to, get down to1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作；如：i hate talkingwithsuch people.being careless is not a good habit.2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前；如： i don t remember having met him before.thank you for having taking so much t

8、rouble to help.3、动名词的规律主语同时也是动名词动作的承担者，动名词用被动语态；（ 1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或we are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work.（ 3）作形容词的宾语the music is well worth listening to more than once. we are busy preparing for the coming sports meet.3、作表语

9、动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what 引导的名词性从句；表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置；what i hate most is being laughed at. beinglaughed at is what i hate most.4、作定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途；如：a walkingstick a stick for walking=astick which is used for walkinga reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used fo

10、r readingbbs: a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machinewhich is used for washinga measuring tape=a tape for measuring=atape which is used for measuringsleepingpills=pillsforsleeping=pillswhichisusedfor sleeping二、动名词的规律主语带有规律主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构；当动名词的规律主语与句子的主语不一样时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词全部格，这便构成了动名词的复合

11、结构；在其前发生；如：i don t like being laughed at in public.（ 2）它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前；如：i am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal.【明白】（ 3）在某些动词，我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这好像是一种强大的习惯；如：excuse me for being late. thank you for giving us so much help.四、常见考点：1） 动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数2） 动名词跟在介词后做介词

12、宾语3） 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，4） 通过代词的宾格或全部格形式给出规律主语例： i would appreciate back this afternoon.a you to call b you call c you calling d you re calling（ key ：c；换成 your calling也对）拓展：1、有些词后只能接动名词admit;appreciate;avoid;celebrate;consider;contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjo

13、y;it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can ht elp; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest;understand.2、另外仍有一些接-ing 形式的常用说法it snogood;it s

14、no/little/hardlyany/use;it s not/hardly/ scarcely use; itwsorthwhile;spend money/time;therenos; therenos学习必备欢迎下载pointin;therenosthingworse than;what s the use/point.练习【高考真题试析】01 年 31 题i really appreciate to relax with you on this nice island.a. to have had time b. having time c. to have time d. to h

15、aving time选 b；此题考的是动名词做宾语；由于appreciate 后面只跟名词、动名词或宾语从句，不能跟不定式；1 年 39 题fishing is his favorite hobby, and.a. he d like to collect coins as wellb. he feels like collecting coins, tooc. to collect coins is also his hobbyd. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure选 d；本句考查的是句子的对称；用and 连接的两个部分应当是对称的

16、；由于前半句用动名词做主语，那么后半句也对应地用动名词作主语，这样的结构比较好；2 年 38 题to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one s skin.a. exposedb. having exposedc. being exposedd. after being exposed选 c；此题考非谓语动词作主语；在非谓语动词中，只有动名词和不定式能做主语，分词不能做主语；另外，依据意思 “被长时间地暴露在阳光下会对人的皮肤有害”，所以要选动名词的被动形式；3 年 37 题the discovery of new evidence led

17、 to.a. the thief having caughtb. catch the thiefc. the thief being caughtd. the thief to be caught选 c；此题考动名词的复合结构；由于词组lead to（句中是 led to）的 to是介词，后面要跟动名词，同时仍考虑到 the thief 与动词 catch 的关系是动宾关系，所以要用动名词的被动形式；03 年（春） 36 题the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.a. the president will atte

18、ndb. the president to attendc. the president attendedd. the president s attending选 d；通读全题，发觉本句缺少主语，而所给的选项中，只有d 合适，即动名词作主语；a ，d 两项是从句，但没有连词，所以不行；04 年（春） 40 题victor apologized forto inform me of the change in the plan.a. his being not ableb. him not to be ablec. his not being abled. him to be not able

19、选 c；此题考动名词的复合结构及否定形式；在介词 for 后跟的是用动名词复合结构的宾语，所以 b, d两项排除；动名词的否定，not 要放在 doing 之前，所以 a 项错误； 05 年 32 题he got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn ttrhieskgood opportunity.a. to loseb. losingc. to be lostd. being lost选 b；此题考非谓语动词作宾语；在动词risk之后，习惯用 -ing分词作宾语，所以a 、c 两项不考虑；而空格后面有the good oppo

20、rtunity 是 lose 的宾语，所以此 -ing分词不行能是被动，所以选b； 05 年（春） 33 题accustomed tothe steep mountains, he had no difficulty reaching the top.a. climbingb. climbc. having climbedd. have climed选 a；词组 accustomed to 的 to 是介词，所以后面必需跟动名词；accustomed to 的意思是 “习惯于 . ； ”06 年 31 题eugene s never willing to alter any of his op

21、inions. it s no usweith him.a. to argue b. arguing c. argued d. having argued选 b；在句型 it s no us后e习惯用 doing，而非其他；06 年（春） 29 题the parents suggestedin the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.a. sleepb. to sleepc. sleepingd. having slept选 c；suggest 后只能跟动名词作宾语；07 年（春） 33 题a

22、ll the staff in our company are considering to the city centre for the fashion show.a. to gob. goingc. to have goned. having gone选 b；在动词 consider 之后，应当用动名词作宾语， 不能用不定式， 而且“考虑去做某事 ”肯定是仍没有做，所以不行能选having gone；学习必备欢迎下载【练习】1. we can't understanda decision until it is too late.a. him to postpone to mak

23、eb. his postponing to makec. him to postpone makingd. his postponing making2. it's no usewith him. you might as wellwith a stone wall.a. arguing, argueb. to argue, arguingc. arguing, arguingd. to argue, argue3. the old man'spity on the snake led to his own death.a. takeb. takingc. being take

24、nd. have4. it is no goodtoday's work for tomorrow.a. to leaveb. leavingc. that you leaved. leave5. some people's greatest pleasure is.a. fishingb. to fishc. to be fishd. being fishing6. you didn't hear us come back last night. that's good. we triednoisy.a. to not beb. not to bec. bei

25、ng notd. not being7. you'll regretthose words. you may hurt her feelings.a. sayb. to sayc. sayingd. to have said8. you can keep the book until you.a. have finished readingb. finish to readc. will finish readingd. have finished to read9. i'dthe operation unless it is absolutely necessary.a. r

26、ather not haveb. rather not to havec. not rather hadd.rathernot having10. your mother and i are looking forwardyou.a. of seeingb. for seeingc. to seed. to seeing11. people couldn't helpthe foolish girl.a. laugh atb. to laugh atc. laughing atd. laughing12. rememberthe book, when you have finished

27、 it.a. putting backb. having put backc. to put backd. will put back13. have you forgotten$1000 from me last month. willyou please rememberit tomorrow.a. borrowing; to bringb. to borrow; bringc. borrowed; bringingd.borrowing; bringing14. we are looking forward toanother chanceit again.a. be given, to tryb. have, to tryc. giving, tryingd. having, to try15. - "i usually go there by train."- " why notby boat for a change."a. to try goingb. trying to goc. to try and god. try going16. - what do you think of the book.- oh. excellent, it's wortha second ti