动词时态学案

1、学习必备欢迎下载学案（第六课时）一、 英语中动词共有16 种时态，请写出这些时态的动词形式：1. 一般现在时2. 现在进行时3. 现在完成时4. 现在完成进行时5. 一般将来时6. 将来进行时7. 将来完成时8. 将来完成进行时9. 一般过去时10. 过去进行时11. 过去完成时12. 过去完成进行时13. 过去将来时14. 过去将来进行时15. 过去将来完成时16. 过去将来完成进行时二、本节课需要把握的内容：1.一般现在时1) 表示常常性、 习惯性的动作； 表示现在的状态、 特点和真理； 句中常用often, usually, everyday 等时间状语；2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从

2、句中，用一般现在时表示将来；3) 有时该时态可表示按方案、规定要发生的动作，句中都带有时间状语，但限于少数动词；如： begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等；例如：学习必备欢迎下载he goes to school every day.if you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting.表示一个按规定、方案或支配要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开头、终止、连续 ”等的动词）可以与表示将来时间的状语搭配使用；常见的用法是：飞机、火 车、

3、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式；例： the next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.（下一趟火车今日下午3 点开车；）how often does this shuttle bus run.（这班车多久一趟？）the train leaves at 2:30pm. we start this afternoon.2现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，由“ be现+ 在分词 ”构成，另外 “系动词 +介词或副词 ”也表示进行时的意义；例如：what are you doing.the bridge is under con

4、struction.3. 现在完成时现在完成时由“ have十过去分词 ”构成；其使用有以下情形：1) 现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响； 句中没有详细时间状语；例如：he has gone to fuzhou. 说话人认为他不在该地 he has been to fuzhou. 说话人认为他在该地2) 现在完成时所表示的动作开头于过去，连续到现在， 或许仍会连续下去； 常用for或 since表示一段时间的状语或so far, up to now等表示包括现在时间在内的状语；例如: he has studied english for 5 years.he has st

5、udied english since 1985.留意： 表示短临时间动作的词，如 come, go, die,buy, marry 等的完成时不能与for ，since 等表示一段时间的词连用；4. 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时由“ havehas+ been现+ 在分词 ”构成，表示现在以前始终在进行的动作； 有些词，如 work, study, live, teach等用现在完成进行时与用现在完成时意思差不多；例如：学习必备欢迎下载i have worked here for three years i have been working here for three years.但多数

6、动词在这两种时态中表示不同意思；例如：i have written a letter. 已写完 i have been writing a letter. 仍在写 留意：表示短暂动作的动词，如finish, marry, get up, come, go等不能用这种时态；5. 一般将来时一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态，其表达形式除了“ will 或 shall+ 动词原形 ”外，仍有以下几种形式；1) “ be going to动+词原形 ”，表示即将发生的或最近准备进行的事；例如： we are going to have a meeting today 2) go, come, start

7、, move, sail, leave, arrive等词可用进行时态表示按方案即将发生的动作；有时用一般现在时也可表示将来；例如：i m leaving for beijing.3) “ be t动o+词原形 ”表示按方案要发生的事或征求对方看法；例如： the boy is to go to school tomorrow 4) “ be about t动o+词原形 ”表示即将发生的动作；例如： we are about to leave6. 将来进行时 will be doing用法：强调在将来的某个详细时间正在发生的动作或事情；例：don't worry, you won

8、9;t miss her. she will be wearing a red t-shirt and a white skirt at that time.（别担忧，你不会认不出她的；她到时会穿一件红色的t 恤衫和一条白色的短裙；）留意事项： 由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的，所以关于本时态的留意事项，可参考 " 一般将来时 " 和" 现在进行时 "的有关留意事项；7. 将来完成时主要用来表示，在将来某一时间会业已完成的动作；在含这一时态的句子里，常以短语 或句子来交代这个"将来时间 "；用法：表示从将来的某一时间开头、连续

9、到另一个将来时间的动作或状态， 或是发生在某个将来时间，但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态； 就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样；其用法从和过去及现在有关，变成了和将来及将来的将来有关；例如：学习必备欢迎下载by this time next year he will have graduated from college.明年的这个时候他已高校毕业了；i hope that i will have finished this article before you come tomorrow.我期望在你明天来之前我已完成了这篇文章；by the end of novembe

10、r i shall have accomplished the composition of this book.十一月底我将已写完这本书；they will have got home by now .他们这时可能已经到家了；8.将来完成进行时：shall have been doing ， will have been doing例：by the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.（到下个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3 年了；）（被动语态）9一般过去时1) 表示过去某时间发生

11、的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作；2) 表示过去常常发生的动作，也可用“ used to； ”留意： used to 表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态；另外 “be used to +名词或动名词 ”表示 “习惯于”；例如：he worked in a factory in 1986.i used to smoke when i was a college freshman.10. 过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作，由“ was/were现+在分词 ”构成；例如：he was reading a novel when i came in 11过去完成

12、时l过去完成时由 “ had过+ 去分词 ”构成；过去完成时的动词表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语；例如：by the end of last year we had built five new houses.2 过去完成时的动词仍可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态连续到过去某个时间或学习必备欢迎下载连续下去；例如：before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.12. 过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态；过去将来常常用在宾语从

13、句中，且主句必需是一般过去时；例如：we asked him where we should go to work next week 我们问他我们下周上哪儿去劳动；又如：they wanted to know when you would finish the article他们想知道你什么时候写完这篇文章；13.过去完成进行时：had been doing例 ： the old clock had been being taken apart of and fixedup again for several times by my 10-year old son before i came

14、 back home. （我回到家之前，我10 岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟 表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了；）（此处强调 “拆卸 ”和“组装 ”这两个过去的过去的动作始终在 反复进行；）（被动语态）14. 过去将来进行时：should be doing , would be doing例： the government promised that a new highway would be being built next july.（政府承诺说其次年 7 月将有一条新的高速大路正在修建；）（此句的时间状语是详细的将来时间，所以最好用将来进行时； ）（此句为被动语态）15. 过去将来完成时：sho

15、uld have done , would have done例 ： i believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but i was wrong. （我坚信到那年年底为止，那个软件的新版本将被开发出来；但是我错了；）（此句为被动语态）16. 过去将来完成进行时：should have been doing , would have been doing例： they said that by the end of the following

16、month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. （他们说到其次个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3 年了；）学习必备欢迎下载课堂练习23 the twins, whotheir homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.（ 2021安徽卷）a. will finishb. finishc. have finishedd. had finished【举一反三】- peter, do you know who my dictionary .a.

17、has taken awayb. was taking away-sorry , i waydon tknow . ididndto it .c. had taken awayd. is taking a22. -hi, lets go skating.（ 2021北京卷）- sorry, im busy right now. i in an application form for a new job.a. fillb. have filled c. am filling d. will fill【举一反三】 i hear youin a pub. what s it like.-well,

18、 its very hard work and im always tired, but i dont mind.a. are workingb.will workc.were workingd.will be working23. jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves half an hour. a. byb. inc. for d. until2021北京卷 31.- what time is it.- i have no idea. but just a minute, i it for you.2021北京

19、卷 学习必备欢迎下载a. checkb. checked c. will checkd. would check32. i found the lecture hard to follow because it when i arrived. 2021北京卷 a. startedb. was startingc. would startd. had started【举一反三】-peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation.-we busy with our work for months, so we went to the bea

20、ch to relax ourselves. a. wereb. have beenc. had beend. will be22. unless extra money , the theatre will close.（ 2021大纲卷）a. was foundb. findsc. is foundd. found32. the reports went missing in 2021 and nobody them since.（ 2021大纲卷）a. seesb. sawc. has seend. had seen【举一反三】the window is dirty. i know. it for weeks.a. hasnt cleanedb. didnt clean c.wasn tcleanedd.hasn tbeen cleaned23. haven't seen you for ages.