动词被动语态

1、学习必备欢迎下载动词的被动语态英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种；主语是动作的执行者， 叫做主动语态； 主语是动作的承担者，叫做被动语态；例如：we swept the floor.我们打扫了地板；（主动语态）the floor was swept.地板被打扫过；（被动语态）1.1 、被动语态的构成1）被动语态是由 “ be及+物动词的过去分词 ”构成的；be 有人称，数和时态的变化，其变化规章与其作为连系动词的be 的变化完全一样；a 被动语态的确定句apple trees are planted in the south.苹果树不种在南方；b 被动语态的否定句the building has

2、n't been completed.这座建筑物没有竣工；c 被动语态的一般疑问句被动语态的一般疑问句的结构是：be+主语+过去分词（ vt ）+（by+宾语）are they made in china.yes, they are.它们是中国制造的吗？是的，是中国制造的；was the museum built in 1993.no, it was built in 1986.这座博物馆是在1993 年建成的吗？不，它是在 1986 年建成的；d 被动语态的特别疑问句被动语态的特别疑问句的结构是：疑问词+be+主语+过去分词（ vt ）； what is the machine us

3、ed for.it is used for making paper.这台机器用来作什么？它是用来造纸的；where were the car made.they were made in china.这些小汽车是哪里制造的？它们是中国制造的；2）被动语态的几种时态形式（以动词 ask 为例）：1一般现在时结构：主语am / is / are+过去分词主动句： she cleans her room every day.被动句： her room is cleaned by her every day. 肯定句）否定句： her room isnt cleaned by her every d

4、ay.一般疑问句： is her room cleaned by her every day.留意： 被动句的 be 助动词的变化应按被动句中新主语的人称和数而变化，其时态应与主动句的时态一样2.一般过去时结构：主语 was / were +过去分词主动句： the workers made the vcd last week.被动句： the vcd was made by the workers last week.肯定句 学习必备欢迎下载否定句 :the vcd wasn t made by the workers lastewek.一般疑问句： was the vcd made by

5、the workers last week.3. 一般将来时结构：主语 will be +过去分词主动句： my father will send me to america soon.确定句： i will be sent to america by my father soon.否定句： i won t be sent to america by my father soon.一般疑问句： will you be sent to america by your father soon.4. 过去将来时结构：主语 would be + 过去分词主动句： he said he would pu

6、nish the naughty boy tonight.确定句： he said the naughty boy would be punished by him tonight.否定句： he said the naughty boy wouldn t be punished by him tonight.5. 现在进行时结构：主语am / is / are+being+过去分词主动句： he is telling a story now.确定句： a story is being told by him now.否定句： a story isnt being told by him no

7、w.一般疑问句： is a story being told by him now.6. 过去进行时结构：主语 was / were + being + 过去分词 主动句： he was telling a story when i came in.确定句： astory was being told by him when i came in.否定句： a story wasn t being told by him when i came in.一般疑问句： was a story being told by him when i came in.7. 现在完成时结构：主语 have /

8、has +been +过去分词主动句 : the boy has finished the work.确定句 : the work has been finished by the boy.否定句 : the work hasn t been finished by the boy.一般疑问句 : has the work been finished by the boy.8. 过去完成时结构：主语+ had + been + 过去分词主动句 : they had built ten buildings by 2003.确定句 : ten buildings had been built by

9、 them by 2003.否定句 : ten buildings hadn t been built by them by 2003.一般疑问句 : had ten buildings been built by them by 2003.1.2 、什么时候使用被动语态1）在没有指明动作的执行者的情形下；the meeting was held last week.会议上周召开了；english is taught in all middle schools.全部中学都开设英语课；学习必备欢迎下载2）要强调动作的承担者而不是执行者时；teapots are used for drinking

10、.茶壶是饮水用的；where's cotton produced.棉花产于何地？1.3 、主动语态变为被动语态的方法1） 将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句里的主语成分；把主动句里的宾格人称代词改为主格形式；2）把主动结构的谓语动词改为be+过去分词形式；3）将主动句的主语变为介词by 的宾语；例如：people use radios for listening to the news（.主动） radios are use for listening to the news by people（. 被动）i posted a letter last week（.主动） a letter

11、was posted by me last week（.被动）留意： 在 make, let, see, hear, notice, watch, fee等l to，但这种句子假如变为被动语态时，就应加上to；动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带例如： we heard her sing an english song（.主动） she was heard to sing an english song by u（s.被动）1.4 、主动语态变为被动语态的主要类型1）谓语动词只有一个宾语的；例如：the workers are building a ship（.主动语态） the ship

12、is being built by the workers（.被动语态）i have finished the exercises（.主动语态） the exercises have been finished by m（e. 被动语态）2）谓语动词有两个宾语的， 其中一个变为被动句的主语，另一个仍作为宾语，称为保留宾语；例如：i sent him a present. （主动语态） he was sent a present by me（. 被动语态）a present was sent to him by me（.被动语态）留意： a）在主动句中有些动词，如ask, answer, tea

13、ch等变成被动句时，一般将间接宾语（指人的）改成被动句的主语；例如：he asked us a lot of questions（.主动语态） we were asked a lot of questions by him.b在主动句中有些动词，如build, buy, choose等变成被动句时，将直接宾语（指物的）改成被动句的主语；例如：my father bought me a new bike（.主动语态） the new bike was bought for me by my father.（ 被 动 语 态 ） 3）谓语动词后跟复合宾语，只把宾语改为被动句的主语，宾语补足语不变；

14、例如：he left the door open（.他让门开着；主动语态） the door was left open by him（.门由他打开着；被动语态）学习必备欢迎下载4）很多由不及物动词加介词构成的短语动词，相当于一个及物动词，可以有宾语，因而也可以有被动语态；但应留意：短语动词是一个不行分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不行丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词；例如：we must take good care of our books（.主动语态） our books must be taken good care o（f.我们应当保管好我们的书本； 我们的书本应保管好；（被动）被动语态）

15、5）谓语动词含有情态动词时， 只变及物动词为被动语态， 构成为：情态动词 +be+过去分词（vt.） 例如：we must finish it at once. （主动语态） 我们必需立刻做完这件事； it must be finished at once（被动语态） 这件事必需立刻做完；6）带有 be going to 结构的被动语态， 被动结构表现在不定式上； 结构为：sth be going to be done；例如：i am going to close the door（.我将去关门；主动语态） the door is going to be closed（.门将要关上；被动语态）

16、1.5 、被动语态中应留意的几个问题1）在被动语态句子中要留意主语与谓语在人称和数方面要保持一样；2）主动语态不能变为被动语态的情形：a have（有）以及和 have 构成的短语动词不能用于被动语态b不及物动词没有动作的承担者，不能用被动语态； c主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时，不能变成被动句的主语；d主动句的宾语是不定式或动词的-ing 形式时，不能变成被动句的主语；3）留意有时用主动语态表示被动意义的情形；例如：this kind of cloth washes very well.这种布很禁洗；the machine made in china sell well ab

17、road.中国制造的机器在国外畅销学习必备欢迎下载被动语态专项练习1. good books again and again.a. should be readed b. should be read c. must read d. ought to read2. the children by the nurse.a. were looked b. looked afterc. were looked after d. looked3. he some pieces of advice, but he to them.a. gave, didn't listenb. was give

18、n, wasn't listenedc. give, wasn't listened d. was given, didn't listen4. when the accident .a. was, happen b. did, happenc. is, happen d. was, happened5. the question by us soon.a. is going to discussb. will discussc. is going to be discussed d. has been discussed6. the lab about five ye

19、ars ago.a. was builded b. was built c. builds d. has been built7. a lot of tall buildings in his hometown in the last three years.a. have set up b. have been set up c. were set up d. set up8. they printing 500 copies by the end of last month.a. had finished b. have finished c. had been finished d. h

20、ave been finished9. rice also in their hometown.a. isgrown b. isgrew c. wasgrew d. wasgrown10. he by the teachers.a. is always praised b. praisesc. have been praised d. always is praised11. great changes place. many new schools .a. have taken, have been openedb. take, are openc. are taken, opend. ha

21、ve been taken, are opened12. the picturein october, 1996.a. was taking b. had been taken c. was taken d. had taken13. we can't use the bridge now, because it .a. has been repaired b. is repairing c. is repaired d. is being repaired学习必备欢迎下载14. i the way to the railway station by a policeman.a. wa

22、s shown b. showed c. have shown d. was showing15. the war in 1941.a. broke outb. had been broken outc. was broken out d. had broken out16. when water , it will be changed into vapour.a. is heated b. heating c. has heated d. heats17. we can't enter the room because its door .a. locked b. locks c.

23、 is locked d. is locking18. they day and night.a. are made workb. are made to workc. made to be worked d. are making to work19. chang'an road is of people.a. filled b. fill c. full d. fulled20. man-made satellites into space by many countries.a. was sent upb. is sent upc. have been sent up d. ha

24、s been sent up21. this english song often by the children.a. is, singing b. is, sung c. will, sing d. was, sung 22.the windows of our house once a week.a. must clean b. have cleaned c. is cleaned d. are cleaned23. when the people's republic of china .a. was, found b. was, founded c. did, found d

25、. does, found24. mary's radio by my brother just now.a. will be mended b. has mended c. was mended d. mended25. your exercise books after class.a. will hand in b. must hand in c. handed in d. must be handed in26. some trees may at other times of the year.a. be planted b. plant c. are planted d.

26、will be planted27. the sun at night as usual.a. can be seen b. can't see c. can't be seen d. doesn't see学习必备欢迎下载28. a new english play there next week.a. will put on b. will be put on c. is going to put on d. will be putted on29. a strange thing in our school yesterday.a. was happened b.

27、 has been happened c. happened d. was going to happen30. the glass . it by little tom this morning.a. broke, is brokenb. is broken, was brokenc. was broken, broke d. has been broken, broken参考答案1. b 2. c 3. d 4. b 5. c6. b 7. b 8. a 9. a 10. a11. a 12. c 13. d 14. a 15. a16. a 17. c 18. b 19. c 20. c

28、21.b 22. d 23.b 24. c 25.d26. a 27. c 28. b 29. c 30. b一. 相关学问点精讲1. let 的用法1）当 let 后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式；例如：they let the strange go他.们放生疏人走了；-> the strange was let go.2）当 let 后宾补较长时， let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow 或 permit代替；例如：the nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.那护士让我去探望住院的同学；-

29、> i was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.3. 表示 "据说" 或" 信任"的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understan等d组成； 例如：it is said that据说it is reported that据报道 it is believed that大家信任it is hoped that大家期望it is well

30、 known that众所周 知it is thought that大家认为it is suggested that据建议it is taken granted that被视为当然it has been decided taht 大家打算学习必备欢迎下载it must be remember that4. 不用被动语态的情形务必记 住的是1） 不及物动词或不及物动词短语， 如 appear, die disappear, e（ndvi.终止）, fail,happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, f

31、all asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有无被动语态；2） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit,have, hold, marry, own,wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等；例如：this key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只配这把锁；your st

32、ory agrees with what had already been heard你.致；说的与我们听说的一3） 系动词无被动语态，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等；例如： it sounds good. 听上去不错；4） 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream， live/life 等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态；例如：she dreamed a bad dream last night她.昨晚做了个恶梦；5） 当宾语是