工程造价管理浅论-----外文翻译

1、the stage of the project cost managementabstract project cost man ageme nt is the basic contents to determi ne reas on able and effective control of the project cost described the current stage of the project cost management situation on the st re ngthe ning of the various stages of con structi on c

2、ost man ageme nt of the importa nee of and raised a number of key initiativeskeywords project cost the current stage of the project project cost managementeven un der the wto and chinas accessi on to the world comm unity chinas con structi on in dustry how to effectively control construction cost of

3、 the construction and management of an important comp orient part however the current budget for the con structi on projects - estimate budget super budget accounts for the "super three1' is still widespread and that eventually led to a serious loss of control of project investment project

4、cost management is the basic contents to determine reas on able and effective control of the project costas the project cost to the project runs through the entire process stage by stage can be divided into investment decision stage the design and implementation phases the so-called project cost eff

5、ective control is the optimization of the construction plans and design programs on the basis of in the building process at all stages use of certain methods and measures to reduce the cost of the projects have a reas on able control on the scope and cost of the approved limitsengineering and cost m

6、anagement work of the current status of project cost management system was formed in the 1950s1980s perfect together performance of the country anddirectly involved in the management of economic activities provisions in the design stage to differe nt estimates or budget preparati on as well as gover

7、 nment nothing re leva nt departme nts to formulate a budget content methods and approval the budget will provide the fixed cost of equipment and materials and fixed price of the budget preparation approval management authority and so onwith the historical process after recovery reform and developme

8、nt formed a relatively complete budget estimate of quota management system however as the socialist market economic developme nt the systems many problems have also exposed gen erally speaking the budget estimate is based on direct participation in the management of national economic activity as a p

9、recondition enterprise is not the actual economic entities due to the characteristics of the planned economy and at the time under the conditions of productivity will inevitably become a shortage in the economyin severe shortage of commodities under the conditions as long as a certain level of inves

10、tment will be certain outputs in this environment the project planning and technical argumentation there can be no economic analysis state control of the project cost constitute key factors equipment and materials prices wages and taxes of art if icial distributio n in this relatively stable economi

11、c environment the budget estimate for the system approved project cost help the government to carry out investment plans to play a major roleas the socialist market economic system established requires us to predict project inv estme nt and con trol in rece nt years in ter natio nal in vestme nt pro

12、ject developed to the requirements of prior pre-control and in the middle of control china the traditional practice in an objective light on the cause decision-maki ng impleme ntation heavy light the economy and technologyfirst the consequences of victimizationdue to the technical personnel of the p

13、roject technical and economic concepts and a weak awareness of cost control cost management makes the quality difficult to raise project cost control is difficult to achieve iong-term goalssecond the various stages of the project management view of the above circumstances my first academia in the 19

14、80s made the whole process of cost management and control concept building departments will study the feasibility of projects and the budgets and final accounts to two extended at the request of the corresponding regulations put our cost management concepts and methods referred to a new heightour ta

15、sk now is to be modern and cost management in line with chinas national conditions of the market economy system goallearn from the advaneed experience of the developedcountries and establish sound market economic laws of project cost management system efforts to in crease the project cost levels an

16、inv estme nt decisi on-maki ng phase of the project cost management construction project investment decision-making stage is proposed project proposals con duct a feasibility study to determine in vestment estimati on and the final preparation of design task at this stagethe projects technical and e

17、conomic decision-makingof the con structio n project cost of the project after the completi on of the economic ben efits have a decisive influe neethe construction cost is an imports nt stage con trolchinas current stage of the project cost for the project management for the purpose of clearing pric

18、e and focusing only on the construction process of cost control neglected before the start of the project investment decisi on-making stage of cost con trol in vest me nt decision-making phase of investment projects is es廿mated an important basis for decision-making ithas a direct impact on national

19、 economic and financial analysis of the results of the reliability and accuracy because of this phase is the preliminary work of projects the information cannot be fully comparable works more or less that information accumulated relatively small estimated inadequate and unscientific makes project co

20、st management and cost workers is difficult at this stage do somethingthe various stages of the project cost control in the decision-making phase project cost control right project planning phase of the cost many owners have the wrong un d erst a nding that the lower the cost the better cost control

21、 is not a unilateral issue and should be a number of factors a combination of practical comprehensive consideration the construct!on project investment decision-making stage the projects technical and economic decision-making cost of the project after the completio n of the project and the economic

22、ben efitswith adecisive role in project cost con trol is an importa nt stagerati on ally define and con trol thedirection of the project cost of accurate positioning and building optimization guiding rolein the decision-making phase of the most important is to do a good job feasibility study the wor

23、k is done well returns on investment and can form a good proportion otherwise invest more less effective resulting in loss of control and waste of investmentat present some of the projects planned the owners of departure from the subjective desires of a feasibility study on the lack of scientific pr

24、oof feasibility study untrue false or engineering functions obtaining the approval of their superiors actually put into the feasibility study will be awarded in the study for the project after the smooth functioning buried a lot of hidden problems lead to in sufficient follow-up funds for the projec

25、t an dhad to exte nd the time limit so that the project could not have planned the use of cost-effective even become hopeless completion of the beard workstherefore in order to phase in the investment decision-making effectively controlconstruction costs we must do the following aspects implementati

26、onof the construction project and corporate accountabilityconstruction of the project from planning toimplementation of the entire process and the use of the funds to repay responsibilities to the people in addition to establishing a legal system and the project supervision matching mechanism by the

27、 departments in charge of the industry and supervision departments for setting up a monitoring group to oversee the use of fundsa realistic approach to market analysisto avoid the blindness of the project decisionmakingreduces and reduces investment risk fully consider building projects in the futur

28、e market competitivenessdesign task more scientific and reliabilitycapital financing must have a formal commitment document the parties must do investment funds in place and funds must have documents to ensure that the project can be approved after the scheduled impleme ntation to the various loa n

29、conditions should be carefully an a lyzed to minimize the burden of interest and repayment pressureto strengthen the engineerjng geology hydrology geology and land water electricity transportenvironmental projects such as external conditions for the work ofdepth to make the investment estimate there

30、 are sufficient groundstaking extensive investigation and researchcomparison of similar projects seriouslyfunctional analysis multi-program comparison and choice after full technical appraisal and economic evaluati onand the final tech no logically adva need functional and reliablereas on able econo

31、mic projects thus calculate a more accurate and realistic estimati on of theam ount of in vestment so that the project cost from the start positio ning in a more reas on able levelthe design phase of the project cost control for a long time chinas building control very effective in vestme nt project

32、s is not un comm on this will affect own ers of in vestme nt returnsit adds to the owners and within budget as well as difficulties in fund ownersthe impact on the future management or the owners make payments in arrears and so on hence the control of the project cost is of great sign讦icance however

33、 the project cost is the primary means of control designcurrently most of the property owners in the design stage seldom works on cost control and they found that the cost of the design will not have a great impact it is wrong on the contrary design phase of the project cost control is the most impo

34、rtant step because it determines engineering designconstruction methods materials and equipment typesmodels of the project cost is of critical sign讦icancedesign optimization phase of the programor minor changes project cost will have a significant impact design phase of the project cost control of t

35、he total project cost of 70 following is how to control the project from design to create the lawas the owners must design the design selected on the quality level is a direct impact on the quality of product desig n level and the desig n quality products in the level of direct in fluence on the pri

36、cing of the works different design units on the same project design are different the same item of different design institute works between certain aspects of the project cost on the existenee of differences between we assume that with a design from two different design institute to design construct

37、ion plans after the completion of a requested advisory unit cost to do the budget certainly different design institute the total cost of the project is absolutely not the same and most of the differenee between the two over 10 even more than30 and not necessarily high cost than the design of low cos

38、t and good design is often low cost we all know that different people have d iff ere nt desig n styles and d iff ere nt levels the desi gn works naturally therefore chosen to design units is the control on the first step through tender to select the design of the units is a good method the tender do

39、cuments to elaborate on this particular aspect of the requirements cost control targets and so onotherwise in the subsequent desig n process desig n units will put an in crease in the cost of the design requirements through tendering the project design into the market compared to select the best des

40、ign unitspromoting the design bidding and design optimization campaign mode design units assessed by experts using scientific group france in accordanee with applicable economic aesthetic prin ciples and advanced tech no logyreas on able structure to meet buildi ng en ergyefficiency and environmenta

41、i requirementscomprehensive assessment of the merits of theprogram designselection of the best determination of the successful programsuccessful investment program estimated to be close to the general construction project scope of in vestme nt this means two desig n con tracts will help desig n the

42、program of choice and competition to ensure that the selected design advaneed technologyunique noveltyadaptability as well as to control the cost of the project design units should strive to improve their quality of the project design clever idea contemporary reducing the project cost on to rack the

43、ir brains to improve design quality strive to put the design phase of the project cost con trol approval of the in vestment ceili ngst re ngthe ning the desig n stage of the desig n phase to strengthe n supervisi on of the commissio ner to determine a reas on able desig nmaturetech no logyreduction

44、in theconstruction phase major design changes and changes in the program in the effective control of the project cost will play a role 1 to the design of the project if the project supervision to get inv olved excluding un favorable factors may gen erally is excluded from the 80 errors in the entire

45、 process of building cost controlconstruction began at best to save and invest 20 thekey lies in the con structi on phase of the ide ratification and con trol costs supervisi on of the desig n phase in elude design in stitute un der the desig n drawi ngs and no tes help owners deal with different de

46、sign options for the economy capital expenditure to develop the preliminary estimates to ensure that the investment can be most effectively utilized with the owners of the commissi oner includeaccording to the design institute to provide design drawings and notes to help owners deal with different d

47、esign options for the economy capital expenditures to develop the preliminary plan to ensure that in vestment can be most effectively used with the own ers of different design optio ns the n eed to calculate their own materials and equipme nt to con duct a cost an alysis and study to the design staf

48、f costs to assist them in the investment limit within limits desig ned to save and in vest to seek a on e-time small in vestme nt and economic good desig n program made the most rational economic indicatorsdesign actively promote the so-called cap limit designeven with the approval of the designtask

49、 and investment estimatesguarantee the functional requirements of the premise thepreliminary design and control budget according to the preliminary approval of the total budget for the design and construction design control limits and every one professional each of whom have a design threshold of a

50、target in the design processdesigners shouldprogress to more programsdesign optimizationensuring that the design is technically adva need and reas on able inno vative stylish and do not break the limit in vestment objectives thus eliminating theengineering design raise the factor of safety and desig

51、n standards or only consider the technical feasibility of the program rather than economic rationality phenomenon the project cost to ensure effective controlalso known as the value of value engineering analysis is a modern scientific management tech nique is a new tech no-economic analysis is the p

52、roduct of functional an alysis to con serve resources and reduce the cost of the purpose of an effective method it made up for the traditional cost management simply focus on cost reduction and quality management only emphasizes improving the quality deficiencies construction is conducive to resolvi

53、ng the iong-standing long period a lot of wastage poor quality high-cost problems value engin eeri ng laws gen erally divided into three steps assessme nt of the desig n of object tech no logy and economic score calculation of the target group of technical and economic indicators calculate the geome

54、tric design of the object on average from comparison choose the best desig nconstruction phase of the project implementation unit construction cost management to con trol the cost of the project is reas on able in the project to meet quality stan dards premise in the investment decision-making stage

55、 the design phase and construction phase of the project put the project approval occurred in the control limits strive in various construction projects rati onal use of huma n material and finan cial resources to achieve good in vestment retur ns and social ben efitsthe project cost control and mana

56、gement is a dynamic process the dynamic market economy to make the investment in the identification and control become more complex this will require the construction units to the management of project cost to the project runs through the entire process it is necessary to have a comprehensive focus

57、the implementation phase of the projects the implementation phase of the project cost management is the implementation of the entire process of project management project implementation phase of the project cost management can be divided into three parts the tender management construction management

58、 and settlement managementbidding for the construction phase of the construction units bidding system control engineering cost effective means bid organization can improve the cost-effectiveness of construction projects and ensure the quality of construction projects shortening the construction cycl

59、e return on the investment construction units can take full advantage of bidding for the effective means of cost controlconstruction no 10 on the 7th ministerial decree issued a hcontract with the construction contract pricing management" clearly pointed out in bidding for projects using inventories this requires the building of units conducting the tender exercise in the tender document to in elude not only the usual content like ten der no tes before sc