TessofthedUrbervilles学习课程

1、IntroductionAppreciationAnalysisConclusionFactors第1页/共39页第一页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) -English poet and novelist of realism. u Son of a village builder in Dorset, southwest of England which used to be a Saxon kingdom names Wessex, a name Hardy used proudly in his writing.u Study archite

2、cture in London for five yearsu Work as an architect in his native landu Begin his literary career as a poetu Turn to writing novelsu At about 60 return to poetry writingLife:第2页/共39页第二页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。Thomas Hardys Home, Dorchester第3页/共39页第三页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。Thomas Hardys Home第4页/共39页第四页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。Th

3、omas Hardys Statue第5页/共39页第五页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。His Major WorksHis Major WorksHardy himself divided his novels into three groups:1. Novels of Character & Environment2. Novels of Romances & Fantasies3. Novels of Ingenuity 第6页/共39页第六页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。1. Novels of Character and Environment（性格与环境小说） The

4、 Poor Man and the Lady(1867, unpublished and lost) 穷汉与贵妇人 Under the Greenwood Tree(1872) 绿树荫下 Far from the Madding Crowd(1874) 远离尘嚣 The Mayor of Casterbridge(1886) 卡斯特桥市长 Tess of the dUrbervilles(1891) 德伯家的苔丝 Jude the Obscure(1895) 无名的裘德 第7页/共39页第七页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。2. Romances and Fantasies（传奇与幻想小说） A

5、Pair of Blue Eyes(1873) 一双蓝眼睛 Two on a Tower(1882) 塔里的两个人 The Well-Beloved(1897) (first published as a serial from 1892) 心爱的人 mainly talk about romantic love stories.第8页/共39页第八页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。3. Novels of Ingenuity（机巧和实验小说 ） Desperate Remedies(1871)铤而走险 The Hand of Ethelberta(1876) 埃塞尔伯塔的婚姻 A Laodice

6、an(1881) 冷漠的人Back第9页/共39页第九页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。Tesss life experience一位美丽的农家少女第10页/共39页第十页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。重整旗鼓与无法接受真相离开了第11页/共39页第十一页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。受生活所逼重见亚雷丈夫归杀亚雷被绞刑第12页/共39页第十二页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。 The poor village girl Tess Durbeyfield is seduced by he wealthy Alec DUberville. She becomes pregnant but the child

7、 dies in infancy. Tess finds work as a dairymaid on a farm and falls in love with Angel Clare, a clergymans son, who marries her. When Tess tells Angel about her past, he hypocritically deserts her. Tess becomes Alecs mistress. Angel returns from Brazil, repenting his harshness, but finds her living

8、 with Alec. Tess kills Alec in desperation, she is arrested and hanged. 贫苦的农村姑娘苔丝（Tess）遭到富人亚雷（Alec）的奸污，生了孩子，可周围舆论却认为是她的罪过。后来，苔丝在新婚之夜向她深挚地爱着的新郎克莱(Angel Clare)讲述了自己的遭遇，向思想开通的克莱竟立即遗弃了她。苔丝为生计所迫，不得不接受亚雷的条件，和他同居。这时克莱反悔，从外国回来想和苔丝言归于好。绝望中的苔觉得是亚雷摧毁了她的一生的幸福，把亚雷杀死，自己也被判处了死刑。Main plot:第13页/共39页第十三页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分

9、。Tess of the dUrbervilles(1891)第14页/共39页第十四页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。第15页/共39页第十五页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。第16页/共39页第十六页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。第17页/共39页第十七页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。Back第18页/共39页第十八页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。Features Hardys language has the simplicity of a countrymans speech coupled with the sophisticated vocabulary of an educated man.

10、Symbolism is an important feature of Hardys words, so that many objects, natural phenomena and characters in the novels are given symbolic meanings. Unlike Dickens, most of Hardys novels are tragic.第19页/共39页第十九页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。Importance Thomas Hardy is an outstanding novelist as well as a poet. He is

11、 a transitional figure between the Victorian Age and the 20th century. In many ways, he belonged more to the 20th century than to the 19th century.第20页/共39页第二十页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。Structure The structure of the novel is based on a cyclical pattern, divided into three parts. 1. The first is a prelude, tell

12、ing how Tess leaves home and encounters Alec. She is seduced by Alec and comes back home disgraced. This is the first cycle, beginning in May and ending in August. 2. The second part is the main love story of Tess and Angel at Talbothays. It begins in May, reaches its climax at the turning of the ye

13、ar and ends in the following winter. 3. The last part represents her decline. Forced by poverty, Tess returns to Alec until Angel comes to claim her. In shame and anger, Tess kills Alec, and is finally arrested and executed. This part starts in winter and ends in spring.第21页/共39页第二十一页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。S

14、ymbols Symbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts. Three symbols 1. Prince(horse) 2. The dUrberville Family Vault 3. Brazil 第22页/共39页第二十二页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。Prince Her dream of meeting a prince while she kills her own Prince, and with him her familys

15、only means of financial sustenance(生计）, is a tragic foreshadowing of her own story. The death of the horse symbolizes the sacrifice of real-world goods, such as a useful animal or even her own honor, through excessive（过分的) Fantasizing(幻想) about a better world.Back第23页/共39页第二十三页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。The dUrb

16、erville Family Vault The dUrberville family vault(墓穴)represents both the glory of life and the end of life. The vault that sounds so glamorous when rhapsodized(过份赞美)over by John Durbeyfield in Chapter I seems, by the end, strangely hollow(空的)and meaningless. So perhaps the secret of the family crypt

17、(神秘)is that its grandiosity(堂皇)is ultimately meaningless.Back第24页/共39页第二十四页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。Brazil In this novel: brazil symbolizes a fantasyland, a place where dreams come true. For Angel, Brazil symbolizes the impossibility of ideals, but also forgiveness and acceptance of life in spite of those disa

18、ppointed ideals.第25页/共39页第二十五页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。Themes Criticism of social conventions of Victorian England (ideas of social class as well as the sexual double standard); Naturalism as against the ache of modernism The injustice of existence; Men dominating women第26页/共39页第二十六页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。Main characte

19、rs TessThe oldest daughter from a poor family with a noble originAlecClare A young man who hates the old family and likes farming A rich man from a wealthy family who bought the family name dUrbervilles from Tesss family第27页/共39页第二十七页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。人物三角关系图亚雷亚雷苔丝苔丝克莱克莱一个女人和两个男人：苔丝、克莱、亚雷第28页/共39页第二十八页，

20、编辑于星期日：点 十三分。Alec do love Tess!Angel do love Tess, too.第29页/共39页第二十九页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。BackWho is better suited to Tess ?第30页/共39页第三十页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。Factors I. Social factors 1. Poverty 2. Patriarchal Society and Its Double Moral Standards . Environmental factors 1. Tesss ignorant parents 2. Evil and sel

21、fish male chauvinists . Tesss personal character第31页/共39页第三十一页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。Poverty Tess is born in a peddler family in England at the end of 19th century. The laborers and farmers without power or money. The special background decides the inevitability of Tesss tragedy.Back第32页/共39页第三十二页，编辑于星期日：点 十

22、三分。Tesss ignorant parents. Tesss father is a poor countryside hawker, who has the natural disposition, and he is lazy and has constantly excessive drinking. Tesss mother is a dairymaid and her mind is besotted with superstition. Under the pressure of the public voice of the neighborhood in the small

23、 village Tess faces, they dont give her comfort. Back第33页/共39页第三十三页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。Patriarchal Society and Its Double Moral Standards The Victorian age is a male-dominated world in which the female are often treated as mere objects that have no rights to make their own decisions. According to the doub

24、le standards in sexual matters, a man need not be responsible for the misdeeds while women must pay for it under the same situation. Back第34页/共39页第三十四页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。Evil and selfish male chauvinists. Alec does not respect females and only regards females as his play things. He is so selfish that he

25、always considers satisfying his own evil lust no matter how much misery others would suffer. Clare is fascinated with Tess s beauty and purity but he never treats Tess as equals. On their wedding night, when Angel tells her his past evening of debauchery, Tess forgives him. But when Tess tells her matter, he can not accept it. He destroys Tess spiritually. Back第35页/共39页第三十五页，编辑于星期日：点 十三分。Tesss personal character Tess has the dual na