牛津英语5A英语语法(五)代词

1、牛津英语5A英语语法（五）代词一代词：代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。二代词的种类：1 .人称代词主格 I , you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you , them2 .物主代词形容词性的物主代词my, your, his , her, its, our,your ,their名词性的物主代词mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours,theirs3 . 反身代词 myself, herself, themselves 4 . 相互代词有： eac

2、h other, one another 5 . 提示代词有：this , that , these , those , those6 .疑问代词 who, what, whose 7 .关系代词 which, that, who 8 .连接代词 what, who, whose 9 .不定代词没有指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代 词all, each, both, either, neither, one, any10 .指示代词 that, this ,these, those三代词的使用方法1.人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"

3、他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、 "他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。物主代词表示所有关 系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词 性物主代词二种。表示“我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、 "你们自己"和"他们自己”等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为"反身代词 "。详件见下表：人称代词物主代词反身代词土格宾格形容词性 物

4、主代词名词性 物主代词第一人称单 数Imemyminemyself复 数weusouroursourselves第二人称单 数youyouyouryoursyourself复 数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单 数hehimhishishimselfrsheherherhersherselfitititsitsItself复 数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves句法功能作主语,其中 she指 带代国家,it 可指 代天气时间 等。作宾语 介 词宾语 表语作定语作主语，宾 语，介词宾语， 表语 书信yours 作宾语，介 词 宾语，表语 主 语

5、同为语根据上表的例句如下:She doesn t believe us.When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.You' ll find your books among mine on the bookshelf.-Who is it? - It ' s me.Our room is on the first floor, and theirs is on the second.They think too much of themselves.A week later, I myself had to go to Pa

6、ris.Help yourself!We cook for ourselves.I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.The cap is Jack ' s.注意：在连续使用两个以上人称代词时，通常单数you放在第一位，I 放在最后；复数we放在第一位，they放在最后。简蜃记成：单数2,3,1 , 复数1,2,3 。都是三人称，女后男在先。例如：You and I can help each other.They couldn ' t have seen Tom and me there.You, Tom an

7、d I are leaving next month.You or they must pass the exam.We, you and they should go there together.2. 疑问代词 （who, whom, which, what, whose） 用来构成疑问句，在句中可以起名词词组作用。指人： who, whom, whose 指物： what 既可指人又可指物： whichwho与whom. （whom是who的宾格）Who told you the truth?Whom are you talking with? whose, which, what（ 在

8、非限定的数量中选择用 what, 在限定的数量中选择 which）Whose book is this?What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?Which book you like better, the English book or the Chinese book?What are you reading now?What s your father?Whose books are these on the desk?注意：疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语

9、中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句未。For what do most students study?What are you looking for?3. 指示代词 this, these, that , those 被用作名词中心词的修饰语时属于限定词，而单独用来代替名词词组时是代词。This is the bus we want.Put these in your bag.My idea is this.How do you think of this idea?注意： that 和 those 有时用来代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。The best coal is that from Ne

10、wcastle.Those who wish to go may sign up here.4. 不定代词用法辨析neither nor 没有也没有either or 不是就是both两者都onethe other 两个中的一个，另一个another 再一个 , 又一个every 作 定 语 , 每 一 个 . （ 可 以 形 成 合 成 词 everybodyeverything ）each 每一个 , 一个个的加以考虑时用 .None否定意思,"没有一个"5. 其它代词在高中部分会有进一步讲解。练习题：1. The weather in Guangzhouis hott

11、er than in Shenyang.A. that B. It C. this D. one2. Mr. Green is our English teacher. comes from U. S. A.A. he B. she C. it D. they3. My bike is broken. May I borrow?A. you B. yourself C. yours D. your4. Would you like some tea? Yes, just-.A. a few B. few C. a little D. little bit5. Would you like so

12、me tea or coffee? . Thanks, I vehad enough.A. either B. neither C. some D. both6. I bought exercise books with money.A. a few, a few B. a few, a little C. a little, a few D. a little, a little7. I made the cake by . Help , Tom.A. ourselves, yourself B. myself, yourself C. myself, you D. me, him8. En

13、joy, May and Mary.A. yourself B. myself C. yourselves D. themselves9. house is this ?It s mine.A. What B. Who C. Whose D. Whose10. She is a student and name is Mary.A. she B. her C. hers D. his11. She will go skating and I will do .A. such B. same C. the same as D. the same12. is he?He is a bus driv

14、er.A. who B. which C. that D. what13. hat is this?It s .A. Whose, me B. Who, mine C. Whom, his D. Whose, mine14. The population of China is larger than of Japan.A. one B. it C. that D. those15. Li Li is clever than in his class.A. anybody B. anyone else C. else anyone D. somebodyelse16. like music.A

15、. Both of them B. Both of they C. The both girls D. Both them17. Could you give me some ink?Sorry, I havein mybottle.A. a few B. few C. a little D. little18. He has to tell us.A. something important B. important something C. anything useful D. useful nothing19. Would you like coffee? Yes, I d likeA.

16、 any, any B. some, some C. some, any D. any, some 20. of the teachers are ok in our school.A. every B. each C. either D. all21. Of the three foreigners, one is from London, arefrom the USA.A. two others B. the other too C. another two D. the both 22. Which would you like, sir, tea or coffee?I don t

17、mind.is ok.A. Either B. Neither C. Any D. Both23. Help to some chicken, boys and girls.A. you B. yours C. yourself D. yourselves24. What do you usually have for breakfast? milk and eggs.A. Little, a littleB. A few, few C. A little, a few D.A few, a little25. Who taught history last year?Nobody! He l

18、earned itA. him, himself B. his, himself C. himself, himself D. his, him26. There isn t paper here. Will you go and getfor me?A. any, any B. any, some C. much, many D. many, much 27. The farmer is busy because he s so _ sheep to keep and so work to do.A. much, many B. many, much C. many, a lot D. a

19、lot, much 28. On side of the river there re many tall trees.A every B. all C. both D. each29. Whose photo i s this?It s .A. me B. mine C. my D. myself30. Who is playing the piano in the next room?is LiPing s brother.A. This B. That C. It D. He31. The old man has two sons, but of them lives withhim.A

20、. both B. none C. neither D. all32. You have more apples than I, but are biggerthan.A. my, your B. my, yours C. mine, your D. mine, yours 33. There is meat at home. Would you please go andbuy?A. some, a little B. a little, any C. little, some D. little, any34. Myparents are workers. both work in the

21、 samefactory.A. them B. they C. he D. she35. Can you come on Friday or Saturday?I m afraid dayis possible.A. either B. same C. nay D. neither36. He can t hear you, be cause there is noise here.A. very much B. too much C. much tooD. so many37. All of us were invited, but of us came.A. neither B. none

22、 C. both D. any38. There isn t water in the cup.A. any B. many C. some D. the39. We have sugar. Really? Let s go and buy some.A. few B. a few C. little D. a little40. There isn t milk in the fridge. You d betterbuy some.A. no B. any C. some D. a few41. Helpto some meat, Mary.A. themselves B. ourselves C. yourself D. himself42. Though they had cleaned the door, there was still water on it.A. little B. a little C. few D. a few43. The old man kept one black dog and two white.A. one B. ones C. those D. one s44. of us has read the newspaper, so we know nothi