Edinburghstrambition学习课程

1、第1页/共13页第一页，编辑于星期五：十七点 五十分。第2页/共13页第二页，编辑于星期五：十七点 五十分。 compatible adj.可和谐共存的 The new system will be compatible with existing equipment. congestion-charging n.对交通拥堵实施收费 The problems of traffic congestion will not disappear in a hurry. Even local nurseries charge 100 a week. cyclist n.骑车者 designate v.

2、表明，命名 On this map blue lines designate main rivers. explicit adj. 清楚的，明确的 She was quite explicit about why she left.Vocabulary第3页/共13页第三页，编辑于星期五：十七点 五十分。Vocabulary iconic adj. 传统的，风格固定的 Double click on the icon to open the file. Flowing water is an iconic element of private gardens, and is thus nece

3、ssary. initiative n. 提倡，创始 in light of 根据 in-migration n. 迁入者 Change of climate must have had a powerful influence on migration. integrate v. 一体化，结合 There is a lack of an integrated national transport policy. justification n. 辩解，正当理由第4页/共13页第四页，编辑于星期五：十七点 五十分。Vocabulary mutually ad. 相互地 The East and

4、 the West can work together for their mutual benefit and progress. sensitive adj. 敏感的，灵敏的 tender v. 投标，提出 They are going to tender for the construction of a new motorway. underpin v. 支持，加强 Continued economic growth needs to be underpinned by regional stability. umbrella adj. 综合的，无所不包的 vision n. 视觉，洞

5、察力 In spite of his excellent vision, he found he was colour-blind. zeitgeist n. 时代精神第5页/共13页第五页，编辑于星期五：十七点 五十分。 Edinburgh is among the largest cities to have caught “tram fever”, as part of attempts to engineer a shift from over-reliance on the private car, but the past experience of Edinburghs near

6、-neighbor Glasgow suggests that, beyond its role as a means of getting from A to B, the tram can be an iconic part of living in the city. What is the purpose of trambition? What is role of the tram as Glasgow has suggested?第6页/共13页第六页，编辑于星期五：十七点 五十分。 It is acknowledged that effective transport is im

7、portant in promoting the sustainable growth of the wide economy, and in connecting disadvantaged communities-the two principal objectives underpinning transport policy in Scotland. This effectively represents an explicit policy shift away from an over-reliance on the private car, and requires invest

8、ment in a number of major infrastructure projects, including a tram network for Edinburgh. What are the two principal objectives underpinning transport policy in Scotland? What does underpinning transport policy in Scotland require?第7页/共13页第七页，编辑于星期五：十七点 五十分。 Continuing economic growth and a concent

9、ration of land and property developments are expected in Edinburgh and South East Scotland, particularly in light of Edinburghs role in the developed context. This situation is not new in Edinburghs recent history of land use planning and development. Not only is Edinburghs Scotlands capital, with a

10、 rapidly expanding economy and continuing investment and in-migration, but also it serves as an important cultural center and tourist destination, and is designed World Heritage site. Yet these characteristics are not necessarily mutually compatible, and an appropriate and sensitive integrated land

11、use and transportation policy is critical to its future metropolitan well-being. As a consequence, since 1999 the City of Edinburgh Council has been developing a vision of transport and mobility specifically to address the issues around congestion and traffic growth in a socially sustainable way. Wh

12、at are expected in Edinburgh and South East Scotland? What is critical to its future metropolitan well-being?第8页/共13页第八页，编辑于星期五：十七点 五十分。 In May 2002, a company, Transport Initiatives Edinburgh (tie), was formed to consider the feasibility of alternative measures, and to deliver a mix of major transp

13、ort and traffic management projects for consideration by the City of Edinburgh Council. This initiative has resulted in an exploration of the potential of the congestion-charging, providing bus and highway improvements. and enhancing facilities for pedestrians and cyclists. As the delivery arm of Tr

14、ansport Edinburgh, the umbrella concept for all transport projects in the city, “tie” is a non-profit-making, private limited company. It is wholly owned by the City of Edinburgh Council, with a majority representation from the private sector. Why was Transport Initiatives Edinburgh formed? What is

15、the result of the formation of Transport Initiatives Edinburgh?第9页/共13页第九页，编辑于星期五：十七点 五十分。 Following a tendering and phased construction period, it is anticipated that Edinburgh will have an operational high-quality tram network by 2011. It is intended that the proposed integrated transport network

16、will link West and Central Edinburgh, connecting key locations including the Waterfront and Princes Street. Edinburgh has caught the tram fever clearly evident elsewhere in cities such as Manchester, Nottingham, Sheffield and Dublin, and may be considered representative of the international zeitgeis

17、t for urban policies in motion. The contemporary international enthusiasm for tramways has been hailed as a step-change in attempts at encouraging sustainable urban public transportation. The justification of investment is made on a number of environmental, economic and social grounds. Trams are pre

18、sented as being able to contribute to a reduction of the congestion caused by use of the private car. What is anticipated to achieve by 2011? What may Edinburgh be considered representative of? What are trams presented as being able to contribute to?第10页/共13页第十页，编辑于星期五：十七点 五十分。Edinburgh Trams Edinburgh Tram