解决问题步骤pps

1、p.25SGM CONFIDENTIAL Issue Date: January 1997p.26SGM CONFIDENTIAL Issue Date: January 1997uProblems are the seeds for improvement! 问题是改进的种子!uProblems are positive opportunities! 问题是预示发展的良好的机遇!uIf there are no problems, than something is wrong! 如果没有问题，那一定有环节出错了!Growing 成长成长p.27SGM CONFIDENTIAL Issue

2、Date: January 1997uProblems are not about blaming people! 问题并不意味着指责!uProblems occur because of failures in the system 出现问题是由于系统中存在缺陷。.p.28SGM CONFIDENTIAL Issue Date: January 1997uWhat is a problem? 什么是问题？什么是问题？Standard 标准标准Actual实际实际Discrepancy差距差距TIME时间LEVEL水平p.29SGM CONFIDENTIAL Issue Date: Janua

3、ry 1997123456ProblemDescription问题描述问题描述ProblemDefinition问题定义问题定义LocatePoint of Cause确定原因所在确定原因所在Cause Investigation调查原因调查原因Band/Aid &Long-term Countermeasure补就及长期对策补就及长期对策Follow-Up & Check跟踪和检查跟踪和检查Grasp the Situation掌握情况掌握情况6PoCProblem Description问题描述问题描述1Problem Definition问题定义问题定义Locate Po

4、int of Cause确定原因所在确定原因所在2345Direct Cause直接原因Cause 原因原因Cause 原因原因Cause原因原因Why?为什么?Why?为什么？Why?为什么？ Why?为什么？Why?为什么？RootCause根本原因根本原因Countermeasure对策Follow -Up跟踪CauseInvestigation调查原因调查原因Basic Cause /EffectInvestigation基本因果关系的调查5 Why Investigationto Root Cause为什么要探究根本原因p.31SGM CONFIDENTIAL Issue Date:

5、 January 1997Problem Description问题描述问题描述 - state the problem that is occurring 陈述出现的问题陈述出现的问题1Grasp the Situation掌握情况掌握情况p.32SGM CONFIDENTIAL Issue Date: January 1997Problem Definition - Specifically define the situation 问题定义-针对具体情况对问题进行定义uThe Standard 标准uThe Deviation 偏差uThe Time Period 持续时间2Grasp

6、the Situation掌握情况掌握情况p.33SGM CONFIDENTIAL Issue Date: January 1997Locate the Point of Cause确定原因所在uLocate Position of Occurrence (on the vehicle/ part) 找出(车辆/部件上)出现问题的位置uLocate Point of Cause 确定原因所在3Grasp the Situation掌握情况掌握情况p.34SGM CONFIDENTIAL Issue Date: January 1997Problem Description:揟he seatbe

7、lt is an obstacle!? 问题描述：“安全带障碍了？”Example 范例范例1Grasp the Situation掌握情况掌握情况p.35SGM CONFIDENTIAL Issue Date: January 1997uWhat is happening? 发生了什么？uWhat should be happening? 应该发生什么？uHow long has it been happening? 这种情况持续多久了？2Problem Definition问题定义Grasp the Situation掌握情况掌握情况p.36SGM CONFIDENTIAL Issue D

8、ate: January 1997Locate Point of Cause 确定原因所在确定原因所在3Grasp the Situation掌握情况掌握情况p.37SGM CONFIDENTIAL Issue Date: January 1997123456can see可以看见can see可以看见can see可以看见can see可以看见can not see可以看见can not see可以看见Process 4 is the point of cause!第4步是原因之所在!Observation:Go back to 4观察：观察：回到回到4START开始开始Grasp the

9、Situation掌握情况掌握情况p.38SGM CONFIDENTIAL Issue Date: January 19974Five Why Investigation to find the Root Cause运用5个为什么的调查方法来找出根本原因Why?为什么？Why?为什么？Why?为什么？Why?为什么？Why?为什么？CauseInvestigation调查原因调查原因p.39SGM CONFIDENTIAL Issue Date: January 19975 Whys - Example 5个为什么个为什么-范例范例Mary, a Group Leader, is walkin

10、g around the assembly shop and sees some bolts lying on the floor, a safety hazard. John, one of her Team Leaders comes over.Mary作为工段长在总装车间巡视时看到一些螺母散落在地上，这是一个安全隐患。John是她手下的班组长，这时正朝她走了过来。Mary揌“Hello John, do you know why these bolts are on the floor?” ”你好，John,你知不知道为什么这些螺母在地上？“ John揙“Oh, that must ha

11、ve been when the materials guy dropped the boxes. ”哦，那一定是送料工摔落盒子时散落的。“ Mary “Why did he drop the boxes?” “他为什么会摔落盒子？”John揟”The cart was overloaded.“ ”送料车超载了。“Mary揇“Do you know why the cart overloaded?” ”你是否知道送料车为什么超载？“p.40SGM CONFIDENTIAL Issue Date: January 1997John揧“Yes, he was bringing three load

12、s at once, because he hadnt picked up抰 the kanban the time before.” ”是的，他一次装了三车的货，因为在此之前他没有拿到看板。“Mary “Why didnt抰he pick the the kanban the time before?” ”为什么在此之前没拿看板？“John揃“Because the Team Member didnt抰 put it in the right place.” “因为班组成员未将看板放在规定的地方。”Mary揙“Oh, O.K., thanks John, lets抯 talk to the

13、Team Member concerned!” “噢，O.K.，谢谢 John。让我们和有关的班组成员谈一谈!”John揌“Hi Jim, about the kanban card, why didnt you put it in the correct place?” ”嗨，Jim，关于看板卡，为什么你没有放在规定的地方 ？“Jim “Because I didnt know where the correct location was! ”因为我不知道哪里是规定的位置。“p.41SGM CONFIDENTIAL Issue Date: January 19975 Whys - Examp

14、le 5个为什么个为什么-范例范例1. Why did the robot stop? 为什么机器人停工了？A fuse in the robot has blown. 机器人的保险丝烧断了。2. Why is the fuse blown? 为什么保险丝被烧断了？Circuits overloaded. 线路过载。3. Why did the circuit overload? 为什么线路会过载？The bearings have damaged one another and locked up. 轴承间相互坏损且卡住了。 4. Why have the bearings damaged

15、on another? 为什么会出现轴承间相互坏损？There was insufficient lubrication in the bearings. 轴承未得到适度润滑。CauseInvestigation调查原因调查原因p.42SGM CONFIDENTIAL Issue Date: January 19975. Why was there insufficient lubrication in the bearings? 为什么轴承未得到适度润滑？The oil pump on the robot is not circulating sufficient oil. 机器人的油泵未输

16、送足够的润滑油。6. Why is the pump not circulating sufficient oil? 为什么油泵未输送足够的润滑油？Pump intake is clogged with metal shavings. 油泵的进油口被金属屑堵塞了。7. Why is the intake clogged with metal shavings? 为什么油泵的进油口被金属屑堵塞？No filter on the pump intake. 油泵的进油口未安装过滤器。p.43SGM CONFIDENTIAL Issue Date: January 1997p.44SGM CONFID

17、ENTIAL Issue Date: January 19975uImplementing a Band-Aid & Countermeasure 实施补救和对策p.45SGM CONFIDENTIAL Issue Date: January 19976Follow Up and Check 跟踪及检查跟踪及检查MARCHMARCHp.46SGM CONFIDENTIAL Issue Date: January 1997uBenefits of PPS PPS的优点SOS 标准化操作单 Design 设计 Layout/ Workplace 布局/工作位置 Problem Statement 问题陈述:Containment Activity:补救措施：IDENTIFY 确定ANALYZE 分析PLAN 计划EVALUATE 评估IMPLEMENT 实施Describe/ Sketch Problem:描述/或用草图显示问题：Identify Root Cause:确定问题的根本问题：Generate Solutions 提出解决办法：1)2)3)4)5)Final result as compared to goal statement:最终结果与目标陈述相比较：Action Responsibility Ta